scholarly journals Electric Power Optimizing Of Solar Panel SystemThrough Solar Tracking Implementation; A Case Study in Pekanbaru

INSIST ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Adhy Prayitno ◽  
Muhammad Irvan ◽  
Sigit Nurharsanto ◽  
Wahyu Fajar Yantoa
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Solar Panel ◽  
Electric Power Output ◽  
Solar Tracking ◽  
Panel Surface ◽  
Electrical Power Output

Observations and measurements have been conducted towards a solar panel electric power output that is utilized by a solar tracking system. The electrical power output depends on the position of the sun and time and the direction of the panel surface against the angle of the incident light. For power optimization, the solar panel surface should always be directed perpendicular to the direction of the sunlight falling to the surface of the panel. The application of the solar tracking system controlled by a micro controller gives the expected results. The electrical power output of a static solar panel mounted on a fixed position becomes the benchmark of the output electric power value in this study. The measurement results of the electric power output of the solar panel with sun tracking system shows a significant increase in sunny weather conditions.The average increase of that is about 57.3%.Keywords: LDR, micro controller, optimal power output, performance improvment, sun tracking,

scholarly journals Evaluation of Photovoltaic Solar Power of a Dual-Axis Solar Tracking System

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Sabri Allw ◽  
Ikhlas Hameem Shallal
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Solar Panel ◽  
Solar Tracking ◽  
Tilting Angle ◽  
Zero Degree ◽  
Axis Position ◽  
Electrical Power Output

In this research project, a tip-tilting angle of a photovoltaic solar cell was developed to increase generated electrical power output. An active, accurate, and simple dual-axis tracking system was designed by using an Arduino Uno microprocessor. The system consisted of two sections: software and apparatus (hardware). It was modified by using a group of light-dependent resistor sensors, and two DC servo motors were utilized to rotate the solar panel to a location with maximum sunlight. These components were arranged in a mechanical configuration with the gearbox. The three locations of the solar cell were chosen according to the tilt angle values, at zero angles, which included an optimal 33-degree angle for the Baghdad location and a variable angle with the dual-axis tracking system. For maximum value of the extracted solar energy, a photovoltaic solar panel that collects sunlight should be in normal position onto this radiation. Solar trackers relocated the panel toward the path of the Sun to ensure that the collector rotated at an optimal tilt angle. The results showed that the generated power at the dual-axis position was 3.384 watts per hour (W/h), the 33-degree angle yielded 2.237 W/h, and the zero-degree angle yielded 1.09 W/h. The results confirmed that the performance of a dual-axis solar tracking system is active and efficient.

scholarly journals Intelligence Solar Power System with Mobile Power Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
Balaji K ◽  
Dharshan T R ◽  
Mahendran P ◽  
Priyadharsini R
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Power Analysis ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Solar Panel ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Solar Tracking ◽  
Reducing Costs

The renewable energies, solar energy is the only energy gained its popularity and importance quickly. Through the solar tracking system, we can produce an abundant amount of energy which makes the solar panel’s workability much more efficient. Perpendicular proportionality of the solar panel with the sun rays is the reason lying behind its efficiency. Pecuniary, its installation charge is high provided cheaper options are also available. The main control circuit is based upon NodeMcu microcontroller. Programming of this device is done in the manner that the LDR sensor, in accordance with the detection of the sun rays, will provide direction to the DC Motor that in which way the solar panel is going to revolve. Through this, the solar panel is positioned in such a manner that the maximum amount of sun rays could be received. Though a hike in the efficiency of the solar panel had a handsome increase still perfection was a far-fetched goal for it. Below 40%, most of the panels still hover to operate. Consequently, peoples are compelled to purchase a number of panels in order to meet their energy demands or purchase single systems with large outputs. Availability of the solar cells types with higher efficiencies is on provided they are too costly to purchase. Ways to be accessed for increasing solar panel efficiencies are a plethora in number still one of the ways to be availed for accomplishing the said purpose while reducing costs, is tracking. Tracking helps in the wider projection of the panel to the Sun with increased power output. It could be dual or single axis tracker

scholarly journals A New Design Arduino-Based Dual Axis Solar Tracking System

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasir Hashim Naif
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Hardware Design ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Solar Panel ◽  
Solar Tracking ◽  
C Programming ◽  
Solar Tracker ◽  
Two Stages

Green and clean energy depends meanly on the Solar energy, especially at urban area. This paper presents the Arduino-based new design of dual-axis solar tracking system with high-efficiency using through the use of five-point sunlight sensors. The main objective of this research is to convert the maximum sunlight to electrical power by auto movement of the solar panel. This research is divided into two stages, first stage related to hardware design and the second related to software development. In hardware design, five light dependent resistors (LDR) have been used for tracking light direction source. Two linear actuators have been used to move the solar panel towards the maximum light intensity direction by using LDR sensors. Moreover, the software is constructed using C++ programming language and uploaded to the Arduino UNO platform. The efficiency of the designed tracking system has been examined and compared with fixed and single axis solar tracker and results shows that the new system has better efficiency than the fixed or single axis  system.

Light Dependence Resistor Used as a Sensor for a Solar Tracker

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Yohanes Climacus Sutama ◽  
Houtman P. Siregar ◽  
Dedy Loebis
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Circuit ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Solar Panel ◽  
Sensor Output ◽  
Mechatronic System ◽  
Light Dependence ◽  
Solar Tracking ◽  
Solar Tracker ◽  
Panel Surface ◽  
Mechanical Movement

This research focuses on a sensor that is suitable for solar tracking. In tracking system, solar panel harvests energyoptimally if the panel surface position is perpendicular to the light direction. To constructs mechatronic system, theselection of sensor is very important. Datasheet is helpful for pre selection. Further research has been carried out todetermine the specific sensor which will be mounted into electronic circuit. Based on the experiment on selectedsensor, sensor characteristic is obtained in detail. Sensor output is processed in the microprocessor. At the end, anactuator has a task to swap desired mechanical movement which is instructed by controller. Actuator must fulfilltechnical requirements, such as load, speed, durability, price, availability and maintenance aspect. This papergives an overview to answer this problem.

scholarly journals Design and Development of a Single-Axis Solar Tracking System

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Md. Taslim Mahmud Bhuyain ◽  
Robin Kuri ◽  
Nayeem Al-Tamzid Bhuiyan ◽  
Md Sahadat Hossain Sagor ◽  
Riazul Haidar
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Solar Panel ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Maximum Light ◽  
Initial Cost ◽  
Solar Tracking ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Over Time

With solar tracking, it will become possible to generate more energy since the solar panel can maintain a perpendicular profile to the rays of the sun. Even though the initial cost of setting up the tracking system is considerably high, there are cheaper options that have been proposed over time. This research discuss the design and construction of a prototype for a solar tracking system that has a single axis of freedom. Light Dependent Resistors (LDRs) are used for sunlight detection. The control circuit is based on an ATMega328P microcontroller. It was programmed to detect sunlight via the LDRs before actuating the servo to position the solar panel. The solar panel is positioned where it is able to receive maximum light. As compared to other motors, the servo motors are able to maintain their torque at high speed. They are also more efficient with efficiencies in the range of 80-90%. Servos can supply roughly twice their rated torque for short periods. Through tracking, there will be increased exposure of the panel to the sun, making it have increased power output. The trackers can either be dual or single axis trackers. As a single tracking system is cheaper, less complex, and still achieves the required efficiency, so it was used.

Independent Evaluation of Measured Performance Data for Cutting-Edge Combined Heat and Power Fuel Cell Systems Installed in Buildings

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather E. Dillon ◽  
Whitney G. Colella
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Electric Power Output ◽  
System Availability ◽  
Cell Systems ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
System Time

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is working with industry to independently monitor up to fifteen distinct 5 kilowatt-electric (kWe) combined heat and power (CHP) high temperature (HT) proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell systems (FCSs) installed in light commercial buildings. This research paper discusses an evaluation of the first six months of measured performance data acquired at a one-second sampling rate from real-time monitoring equipment attached to the FCSs at building sites. Engineering performance parameters are independently evaluated. Based on an analysis of the first few months of measured operating data, FCS performance is consistent with manufacturer-stated performance. Initial data indicate that the FCSs have relatively stable performance and a long term average production of about 4.57 kWe of power. This value is consistent with, but slightly below, the manufacturer’s stated rated electric power output of 5 kWe. The measured system net electric efficiency has averaged 33.7%, based on the higher heating value (HHV) of natural gas fuel. This value, also, is consistent with, but slightly below, the manufacturer’s stated rated electric efficiency of 36%. The FCSs provide low-grade hot water to the building at a measured average temperature of about 48.4°C, lower than the manufacturer’s stated maximum hot water delivery temperature of 65°C. The uptime of the systems is also evaluated. System availability can be defined as the quotient of total operating time compared to time since commissioning. The average values for system availability vary between 96.1 and 97.3%, depending on the FCS evaluated in the field. Performance at Rated Value for electrical efficiency (PRVeff) can be defined as the quotient of the system time operating at or above the rated electric efficiency and the time since commissioning. The PRVeff varies between 5.6% and 31.6%, depending on the FCS field unit evaluated. Performance at Rated Value for electrical power (PRVp) can be defined as the quotient of the system time operating at or above the rated electric power and the time since commissioning. PRVp varies between 6.5% and 16.2%. Performance at Rated Value for electrical efficiency and power (PRVt) can be defined as the quotient of the system time operating at or above both the rated electric efficiency and the electric power output compared to the time since commissioning. PRVt varies between 0.2% and 1.4%. Optimization to determine the manufacturer rating required to achieve PRVt greater than 80% has been performed based on the collected data. For example, for FCS unit 130 to achieve a PRVt of 95%, it would have to be down-rated to an electrical power output of 3.2 kWe and an electrical efficiency of 29%.The use of PRV as an assessment metric for FCSs has been developed and reported for the first time in this paper. For FCS Unit 130, a 20% decline in electric power output was observed from approximately 5 kWe to 4 kWe over a 1,500 hour period between Dec. 14th 2011 and Feb. 14th 2012.

Independent Analysis of Real-Time, Measured Performance Data From Microcogenerative Fuel Cell Systems Installed in Buildings

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather E. Dillon ◽  
Whitney G. Colella
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Electric Power Output ◽  
System Availability ◽  
Cell Systems ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
System Time

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is working with industry to independently monitor up to 15 distinct 5 kW-electric (kWe) combined heat and power (CHP) high temperature (HT) proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell systems (FCSs) installed in light commercial buildings. This research paper discusses an evaluation of the first six months of measured performance data acquired at a 1 s sampling rate from real-time monitoring equipment attached to the FCSs at building sites. Engineering performance parameters are independently evaluated. Based on an analysis of the first few months of measured operating data, FCS performance is consistent with manufacturer-stated performance. Initial data indicate that the FCSs have relatively stable performance and a long-term average production of about 4.57 kWe of power. This value is consistent with, but slightly below, the manufacturer's stated rated electric power output of 5 kWe. The measured system net electric efficiency has averaged 33.7%, based on the higher heating value (HHV) of natural gas fuel. This value, also, is consistent with, but slightly below, the manufacturer's stated rated electric efficiency of 36%. The FCSs provide low-grade hot water to the building at a measured average temperature of about 48.4 °C, lower than the manufacturer's stated maximum hot water delivery temperature of 65 °C. The uptime of the systems is also evaluated. System availability can be defined as the quotient of total operating time compared to time since commissioning. The average values for system availability vary between 96.1 and 97.3%, depending on the FCS evaluated in the field. Performance at rated value for electrical efficiency (PRVeff) can be defined as the quotient of the system time operating at or above the rated electric efficiency and the time since commissioning. The PRVeff varies between 5.6% and 31.6%, depending on the FCS field unit evaluated. Performance at rated value for electrical power (PRVp) can be defined as the quotient of the system time operating at or above the rated electric power and the time since commissioning. PRVp varies between 6.5% and 16.2%. Performance at rated value for electrical efficiency and power (PRVt) can be defined as the quotient of the system time operating at or above both the rated electric efficiency and the electric power output compared to the time since commissioning. PRVt varies between 0.2% and 1.4%. Optimization to determine the manufacturer rating required to achieve PRVt greater than 80% has been performed based on the collected data. For example, for FCS Unit 130 to achieve a PRVt of 95%, it would have to be down-rated to an electrical power output of 3.2 kWe and an electrical efficiency of 29%. The use of PRV as an assessment metric for FCSs has been developed and reported for the first time in this paper. For FCS Unit 130, a maximum decline in electric power output of approximately 18% was observed over a 500 h period in Jan. 2012.

scholarly journals Optimizing solar energy for houses with slanting type roofs

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 913
Author(s):  
Muhammed Sabri Salim
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Solar Panel ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Solar Tracking ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Tracking Device

During the daily sun cycle, the falling rays are of varying intensity on the solar panel reducing the energy generated from it. This is evident in the energy production of solar panels that are installed on the slanted surfaces of homes scattered in the rain regions of the world. In this research, the reasons for the low efficiency of energy production of solar panels that are installed on the A-frame designs of homes were studied and solved. The design of an integrated tracking system is developed based on fuzzy logic control using an open source code that can be easily modified. The performance and characteristics of the solar tracking device are tested experimentally to test its suitability for use with slanted roofs homes. The integrated solar localization system offers economical and efficient solar monitoring, as well as open source programming, which allows for future improvements and changes. In addition, the single-axis fuzzy tracking system was good for moving both panels in less than five seconds towards the sun. The adoption of the proposed design provides an extremely accurate tracking system and therefore, maximizes the potential of power generated by the solar panel since it will meet the sun's rays from dawn to dusk. The economic effect of the proposed design is to approximately double the value of electrical power received compared to the fixed design.  

scholarly journals Self-sustaining and externally-powered fixed, single, and dual-axis solar trackers

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1031
Author(s):  
A. H. Mohaimin ◽  
M. R. Uddin ◽  
A. Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Solar Panel ◽  
Tracking Systems ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Voltage Output ◽  
Solar Tracking ◽  
Fixed Panel

<p>Power output from a small solar panel can be affected by its power consumption when it consumes power from the solar panel. There has been a lack of proper research and experiment in the use of small solar panel with tracking systems. Its significance was detailed in this paper where the voltage output are compared with those which were externally powered. The solar trackers and a microcontroller have been designed and fabricated for this research. Due to the use of the tracking system (single axis and dual axis), the power consumption varies from one to another and its effect on the voltage output. Several experiments have been conducted and it was concluded that small solar panels are not efficient enough to utilize with tracking capabilities due to an increase in power consumption. The externally powered system was found to generate 18% more output compared to a selfsustaining system and that the increase in average power consumptions compared to a fixed panel were 31.7% and 82.5% for single-axis and dualaxis tracker respectively. A concrete evidence was made that utilizing solar tracking capabilities for low power rated solar panel is unfeasible.</p>

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