scholarly journals Effect of anionic salts on some blood and urine minerals, acid-base balance and udder oedema of dry pregnant cows

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. TAURIAINEN ◽  
S. SANKARI ◽  
S. PYÖRÄLÄ
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Blood And Urine Samples ◽  
Acid Base Status ◽  
Friesian Cows

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of an anionic diet on mineral metabolism, acid-base status and udder oedema of dairy cows fed grass silage based diets during the dry period. Eighteen pregnant, non-lactating Friesian cows were divided randomly into two groups according to their expected calving date. Dietary cation-anion balance (DCAB), calculated as mill equivalents [(Na + + K + ) - (Cl - + S 2- )], for high DCAB (control) and low DCAB treatments were +254 and -41 mEq kg -1 dry matter (DM), respectively. Anionic salts were ammonium chloride (NH 4 Cl), magnesium chloride (MgCl 2 ) and magnesium sulphate (MgSO 4 ). Cows received grass silage (5.2 kg DM), hay (0.9 kg DM) and a concentrate mixture (2.7 kg DM) until calving. Blood and urine samples were collected 4, 3, 2 and 1 week before the expected calving date, at calving, 1 day and 1 week after calving. Udder oedema was evaluated by a quantitative and a subjective method. Acidification resulted in a marked decrease in urinary pH, increased urinary Ca excretion and a change in blood acidbase balance. Blood Ca 2+ and plasma Ca tot concentrations were more stable at parturition for the anionic group, although such differences were not statistically significant. Anionic salts (DCAB -41 mEq kg -1 DM) did not cause udder oedema in experimental cows.;

scholarly journals Effect of anionic salts in concentrate mixture and calcium intake on some blood and urine minerals, acid-base balance and feed intake of dry pregnant cows on grass silage based feeding

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 523-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. TAURIAINEN ◽  
S. SANKARI ◽  
S. PYÖRÄLÄ
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Designed Experiment ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Blood And Urine Samples ◽  
Acid Base Status

Twelve Ayrshire and eight Friesian cows were randomly assigned to one of four prepartum diets in a 2 x 2 factorially designed experiment to determine the effect of anionic diet and calcium (Ca) intake on Ca metabolism, acid-base status and feed intake of grass silage based diets during the dry period. Four diets provided either 34 g or 74 g total dietary Ca/day, and were either anionic or cationic. Dietary cation-anion balance (DCAB), calculated as milliequivalents [(Na+ + K+) - (Cl- + S2-)], was -247 mEq/kg dry matter (DM) in the low DCAB group and +34 mEq/kg DM in the high DCAB group. DCAB was formulated using NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4 and MgCl2 as anionic salts. Cows received grass silage (5.2 kg DM), hay (0.9 kg DM) and concentrate mixture (1.6 kg DM) until calving. Blood and urine samples were collected 4, 3, 2 and 1 week before the expected calving date, at calving, the day after calving and 1 week following calving. The results indicate that the reduction of cation-anion balance induced mild metabolic acidosis and increased the ability of the cow to maintain blood Ca concentration. However, DCAB should be higher since urinary pH decreased markedly (< 6) and so remarkable changes in some blood electrolyte concentrations were noticed.;

scholarly journals Effect of anionic salts in concentrate mixture on some blood and urine minerals, acid-base balance and feed intake of dry pregnant cows on grass silage based feeding with high calcium intake

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 545-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. TAURIAINEN ◽  
S. SANKARI ◽  
L. SYRJÄLÄ-QVIST
Keyword(s):  
Current Data ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Urinary Ph ◽  
High Calcium Intake ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Blood And Urine Samples

The objective was to study the effects of anionic salts in a concentrate mixture on some blood and urine minerals, acid-base balance and intake of Ayrshire cows fed a grass silage based diet. Eighteen nonlactating, pregnant Ayrshire cows were divided randomly into two groups according to their expected calving date. Dietary cation-anion balance (DCAB), calculated as milliequivalents [(Na+ + K+) - (Cl- + S2-)] of the two diets was +410 mEq/kg of dietary dry matter (DM) in the high DCAB group and +81 mEq/kg of the dietary DM in the low DCAB group, respectively. The DCAB was formulated using NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4 and MgCl2 as anionic salts. Cows received grass silage (5.2 kg DM), hay (0.8 kg DM) and a concentrate mixture (1.7 kg DM) until calving. Both diets were supplemented with 100 g CaCO3 to achieve a high Ca intake (82 g Ca/d). Blood and urine samples were collected 4, 3, 2 and 1 week before the expected calving date, at calving, the day after calving and 1 week following calving. Current data indicated that it may be difficult to formulate a diet with a negative DCAB, if the K content of grass silage is over 30 g/kg DM. As a result, no increase in blood Ca2+ and a relatively high urinary pH were observed. Furthermore, it may advantageous to increase Mg intakes above current Finnish recommendations when dietary Ca concentrations are high, since 28% of experimental cows experienced hypomagnaesemia at parturition.;

scholarly journals Effect of anionic salts in concentrate mixture and magnesium intake on some blood and urine minerals and acid-base balance of dry pregnant cows on grass silage based feeding

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 535-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. TAURIAINEN ◽  
S. SANKARI ◽  
S. PYÖRÄLÄ
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Urinary Ph ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Designed Experiment ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Blood And Urine Samples ◽  
Lower Urinary ◽  
Friesian Cows

Twenty Friesian cows were randomly assigned to one of four prepartum diets in a 2 x 2 factorially designed experiment to determine the effect of anionic salts contained in a concentrate mixture and magnesium (Mg) intake on some blood and urine minerals in cows fed a grass silage based diet. Four diets provided either 16 g or 33 g total dietary Mg/day, and had either a low or high cation-anion difference. Dietary cation-anion balance (DCAB) of the diets, calculated as milliequivalents [(Na+ + K+) - (Cl- + S2-)], was +31 mEq/kg dry matter (DM) in the low DCAB group and +340 mEq/kg DM in the high DCAB group. DCAB was formulated using NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4 and MgCl2 as anionic salts. Cows received grass silage (5.2 kg DM), hay (1.0 kg DM) and concentrate mixture (1.5 kg DM) until calving. Blood and urine samples were collected 4, 3, 2 and 1 week before the expected calving date, at calving, the day after calving and 1 week following calving. Cows fed the low DCAB diet had a lower urinary pH (P

scholarly journals Idiopathic hypercalciuria: the contribution of Dr. Jacob Lemann, Jr.

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. S59
Author(s):  
F L Coe ◽  
J H Parks
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Idiopathic Hypercalciuria ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Carbohydrate Ingestion ◽  
Low Calcium Diet ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base Status ◽  
Normal Men ◽  
Calcium Loss

The original contributions of Jacob Lemann to mineral metabolism, especially calcium metabolism and idopathic hypercalciuria, are reviewed. One group of studies concern acid base balance and calcium loss, showing that acid loads increase calcium loss in the urine. Another group of studies concern the calciuria of glucose or carbohydrate ingestion, with the observation that stone patients, who as a population are enriched with hypercalciuria, respond with more exaggerated calciuria to glucose loads than do normal people. Yet another body of work shows that normal men, when given noncalcemic loads of calcitriol, exhibit two essential features of idiopathic hypercalciuria--hyperabsorptive hypercalciuria and bone mineral loss on a low-calcium diet. The final group of studies presented worked on the problem of thiazide hypocalciuric action, and where the calcium goes that does not appear in the urine, as well as the effects of potassium bicarbonate and sodium loads on mineral balance and acid base status.

Prepartum level of dietary cation-anion difference fed to nulliparous cows: Acid-base balance, mineral metabolism, and health responses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Zimpel ◽  
M. Nehme Marinho ◽  
K.V. Almeida ◽  
A. Revilla Ruiz ◽  
M.C. Perdomo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Balance

Relationship between acid-base balance and the central respiratory mechanisms

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (5) ◽  
pp. 867-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Katz ◽  
S. H. Ngai ◽  
G. G. Nahas ◽  
S. C. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Breathing ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Respiratory Effects ◽  
Inspiratory Phase ◽  
Arterial Ph ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base Status ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Functional Components

To study the effect of changes in acid-base balance on respiratory patterns, 2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol (THAM, an organic buffer) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) were infused into midcollicular decerebrate, pontile, and medullary cats. NaHCO3 increased the arterial pH, HCO–3, and pCO2. THAM increased the arterial pH and HCO–3. The arterial pCO2 fell initially and then rose gradually with time. In the midcollicular decerebrate preparation with eupnea, NaHCO3 increased while THAM decreased the rate and amplitude of respiration. In the vagotomized pontile preparation with apneustic breathing, NaHCO3 accelerated and THAM decelerated the apneustic cycling; neither produced a significant change in amplitude. Larger doses of THAM abolished the apneustic cycling either by producing expiratory apnea or by prolonging the inspiratory phase. In the medullary preparation with periodic breathing, THAM decreased the rate with minimal changes in amplitude. The findings suggest that the respiratory effects of NaHCO3 and THAM were due to changes in intracellular pH and pCO2 and that all functional components of the respiratory center are influenced by changes in the acid-base status of the animals. Finally it is pointed out that elucidation of neural respiratory mechanisms requires definition of the acid-base state of the animal.

Gastric mucosal repair and release of HCO3- after damage by 2 M NaCl in cat: role of systemic acid base status

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (4) ◽  
pp. G536-G545 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Guttu ◽  
K. Grong ◽  
K. Svanes ◽  
J. E. Gronbech
Keyword(s):  
Mucosal Blood Flow ◽  
Mucosal Damage ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Mucosal Repair ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base Status ◽  
Hyperemic Response

To study the influence of acid base balance on gastric mucosal repair, NH4Cl or NaHCO3 was given intravenously to anesthetized cats after mucosal damage induced by intraluminal 2 M NaCl. Saline at pH 5 or 1 was perfused via an oral tube through the stomach lumen and evacuated via a pyloric tube to a chamber with pH and PCO2 electrodes. Luminal bicarbonate (HCO3-) was markedly increased early after damage in both acidotic and alkalotic animals. In alkalotic animals mucosal blood flow increased about twofold in response to mucosal damage, whereas the early hyperemic response was either completely attenuated or blunted in acidotic animals. HCO3- release was correlated to availability of HCO3- by blood in alkalotic animals with luminal pH 5. Alkalotic animals showed improved repair compared with acidotic animals, and mucosal restitution was correlated to availability of HCO3- by blood. We conclude that luminal leakage of HCO3- or plasma after mucosal damage depends on availability by blood and consumption of HCO3- within the mucosa and that blood borne HCO3- has a major influence on gastric mucosal repair.

Role of iNOS and eNOS in modulating proximal tubule transport and acid-base balance

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (4) ◽  
pp. F658-F662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Proximal Tubule ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Proximal Tubules ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base Status ◽  
Inos Knockout Mice ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Our laboratory has previously shown that mice lacking neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) are defective in fluid absorption ( J v) and HCO[Formula: see text]absorption ( J HCO3) in the proximal tubule and develop metabolic acidosis. The present study examined the transport of fluid and HCO[Formula: see text] in the proximal tubule and acid-base status in mice lacking two other isoforms of NOS, inducible NOS (iNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS). Proximal tubules were microperfused in situ in wild-type and NOS knockout mice by methods previously described (Wang T, Yang C-L, Abbiati T, Schultheis PJ, Shull GE, Giebisch G, and Aronson PS. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 277: F298–F302, 1999). [3H]inulin and total CO2 concentrations were measured in the perfusate and collected fluid, and net J v and J HCO3 were analyzed. These data show that J HCO3 was 35% lower (71.7 ± 6.4 vs. 109.9 ± 7.3 pmol · min−1 · mm−1, n = 13, P < 0.01) and J v was 38% lower (0.95 ± 0.15 vs. 1.54 ± 0.17 nl · min−1 · mm−1, n = 13, P < 0.05) in iNOS knockout mice compared with their wild-type controls. Addition of the iNOS-selective inhibitor l- N 6-(1-iminoethyl) lysine, reduced both J v and J HCO3 significantly in wild-type, but not in iNOS knockout, mice. In contrast, both J HCO3(93.3 ± 7.9 vs. 110.6 ± 6.18 pmol · min−1 · mm−1) and J v (1.56 ± 0.17 vs. 1.55 ± 0.16 nl · min−1 · mm−1) did not change significantly in eNOS knockout mice. These results indicated that iNOS upregulates Na+ and HCO[Formula: see text]transport, whereas eNOS does not directly modulate Na+ and HCO[Formula: see text] transport in the kidney proximal tubules.

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