scholarly journals Gypsum amendment of soils reduces phosphorus losses in an agricultural catchment

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petri Ekholm ◽  
Pasi Valkama ◽  
Elina Jaakkola ◽  
Mikko Kiirikki ◽  
Kirsti Lahti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Covariance Model ◽  
Online Data ◽  
Dissolved Phosphorus ◽  
Rivers And Lakes ◽  
Manual Sampling ◽  
High Flow Period ◽  
Phosphorus Losses

We estimated the changes in the losses of particulate and dissolved phosphorus (P) after treating 93 ha of agriculturalfields with gypsum (4 t ha–1) in a 245 ha catchment in southern Finland. Runoff was monitored using onlinesensors and manual sampling during one high-flow period before and six periods after the gypsum amendment.Turbidity recorded by the sensors correlated with particulate P analysed in the laboratory, which enabledthe evaluation of changes in particulate P from the online data. Using a covariance model, gypsum amendmentwas estimated to have reduced the loss of particulate P by 64%. The loss of dissolved reactive P appeared to decreaseby one third, but was estimated with less precision. No such changes were found during the same periodin a nearby ‘reference’ catchment, where gypsum was not used. Gypsum did not affect soil test values for P, K, Mgor Ca, but it did increase the ionic strength and soil test SO4. In clayey catchments discharging into the sea, gypsummay provide an efficient means to reduce P losses from field cultivation. The duration of the gypsum effect andimpact of SO4 associated with gypsum amendment on the ecology of rivers and lakes has yet to be determined.

scholarly journals Gypsum amendment as a means to reduce agricultural phosphorus loading: an economic appraisal

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti Iho ◽  
Marita Laukkanen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Phosphorus Loading ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Dissolved Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Test Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Losses

This study analyzes the economic feasibility of gypsum amendment as a means to reduce particulate and dissolved phosphorus loads from arable areas. To this end, an optimization model is developed that includes gypsum amendment as well as matching phosphorus fertilization to crop need and the level of soil phosphorus reserves as phosphorus load mitigation measures, with soil phosphorus reserves measured by soil test phosphorus (STP). The optimal extent of gypsum amendment is then determined simultaneously with optimal fertilization use as a function of field STP level. The results indicate that whether or not gypsum amendment is economically feasible depends on field erosion susceptibility and STP level. When accounting for the costs and benefits to the society on the whole, gypsum treatment suits best to mitigation of phosphorus losses from soils with excessively high phosphorus reserves; once a threshold STP level is reached, gypsum amendment is optimally given up. This threshold level depends on field slope and on society’s willingness to pay for water quality.

scholarly journals DOC sources and DOC transport pathways in a small headwater catchment as revealed by carbon isotope fluctuation during storm events

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3043-3056 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Lambert ◽  
A.-C. Pierson-Wickmann ◽  
G. Gruau ◽  
A. Jaffrezic ◽  
P. Petitjean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Transport Pathways ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
High Flow Period ◽  
Doc Flux ◽  
Headwater Catchment

Abstract. Monitoring the isotopic composition (δ13CDOC) of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) during flood events can be helpful for locating DOC sources in catchments and quantifying their relative contribution to stream DOC flux. High-resolution (< hourly basis) δ13CDOC data were obtained during six successive storm events occurring during the high-flow period in a small headwater catchment in western France. Intra-storm δ13CDOC values exhibit a marked temporal variability, with some storms showing large variations (> 2 ‰), and others yielding a very restricted range of values (< 1 ‰). Comparison of these results with previously published data shows that the range of intra-storm δ13CDOC values closely reflects the temporal and spatial variation in δ13CDOC observed in the riparian soils of this catchment during the same period. Using δ13CDOC data in conjunction with hydrometric monitoring and an end-member mixing approach (EMMA), we show that (i) > 80% of the stream DOC flux flows through the most superficial soil horizons of the riparian domain and (ii) the riparian soil DOC flux is comprised of DOC coming ultimately from both riparian and upland domains. Based on its δ13C fingerprint, we find that the upland DOC contribution decreases from ca.~30% of the stream DOC flux at the beginning of the high-flow period to < 10% later in this period. Overall, upland domains contribute significantly to stream DOC export, but act as a size-limited reservoir, whereas soils in the wetland domains act as a near-infinite reservoir. Through this study, we show that δ13CDOC provides a powerful tool for tracing DOC sources and DOC transport mechanisms in headwater catchments, having a high-resolution assessment of temporal and spatial variability.

scholarly journals Linking Soil Phosphorus to Dissolved Phosphorus Losses in the Midwest

ael ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 170004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily W. Duncan ◽  
Kevin W. King ◽  
Mark R. Williams ◽  
Greg LaBarge ◽  
Lindsay A. Pease ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Dissolved Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Losses

scholarly journals New insights from the use of carbon isotopes as tracers of DOC sources and DOC transport processes in headwater catchments

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 17965-18007
Author(s):  
T. Lambert ◽  
A.-C. Pierson-Wickmann ◽  
G. Gruau ◽  
A. Jaffrezic ◽  
P. Petitjean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transport Processes ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Headwater Catchments ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Doc Export ◽  
High Flow Period ◽  
Doc Flux ◽  
Hourly Basis

Abstract. Monitoring the isotopic composition (δ13CDOC) of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) during flood events can be helpful for locating DOC sources in catchments and quantifying their relative contribution to DOC stream flux. High-resolution (< hourly basis) δ13CDOC data were obtained on six successive storm events occurring during the high-flow period in a small headwater catchment from western France. Intra-storm δ13CDOCvalues exhibit a marked temporal variability, with some storms showing large variations (>2‰), and others yielding a very restricted range of values (<1‰). Comparison of these results with previously published data shows that the range of intra-storm δ13CDOC values closely reflects the temporal and spatial variation in δ13CDOC observed in the riparian soils of this catchment during the same period. Using δ13C data in conjunction with hydrometric monitoring and an end-member mixing approach, we show that (i) >80% of the stream DOC flux flows through the most superficial soil horizons of the riparian domain and (ii) the soil DOC flux is comprised of DOC coming ultimately from both riparian and upland domains. Based on its δ13C fingerprint, we find that the upland DOC contribution decreases from ca. 30% of the stream DOC flux at the beginning of the high-flow period to <10% later in this period. Overall, upland domains contribute significantly to stream DOC export, but act as a size-limited reservoir, whereas soils in the wetland domains act as a near-infinite reservoir. Through this study, we show that δ13CDOC provides a powerful tool for tracing DOC sources and DOC transport mechanisms in headwater catchments.

Modelling the impacts of management practices on agricultural phosphorus losses to surface waters of Finland

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rekolainen ◽  
J. Grönroos ◽  
I. Bärlund ◽  
A. Nikander ◽  
Y. Laine
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Particulate Phosphorus ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Environmental Support ◽  
Dissolved Phosphorus ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Green Cover ◽  
Cultivation Practices ◽  
Phosphorus Losses

This paper presents the changes in cultivation practices in Finnish agriculture resulting from the Agri-Environmental Support Scheme of the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union. Detailed data were collected by interviewing farmers in four different areas of the country. The potential impacts of changes in cultivation practices on phosphorus losses were assessed using a mathematical simulation model. The variables monitored were: fertilization, winter green cover and soil tillage methods in autumn. The use of fertilizers has decreased to meet the requirements of the support programme. Winter green cover has increased in areas to a minimum level of 30% of the cultivated area. However, the potential impacts on nutrient losses were small. There are two reasons for this: the increase in reduced tillage practices is likely to increase the loss of dissolved phosphorus in southern Finland, and the reduction of set-aside has led to slight increases in particulate phosphorus losses. However, the reduction in grassland fertilization rapidly decreased loss of dissolved phosphorus in northern Finland.

scholarly journals Characterization of Diffuse Groundwater Inflows into Stream Water (Part II: Quantifying Groundwater Inflows by Coupling FO-DTS and Vertical Flow Velocities)

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Le Lay ◽  
Zahra Thomas ◽  
François Rouault ◽  
Pascal Pichelin ◽  
Florentina Moatar
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Distributed Temperature Sensing ◽  
Fiber Optic Cable ◽  
Groundwater Inflow ◽  
Hyporheic Flow ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
High Flow Period

Temperature has been used to characterize groundwater and stream water exchanges for years. One of the many methods used analyzes propagation of the atmosphere-influenced diurnal signal in sediment to infer vertical velocities. However, despite having good accuracy, the method is usually limited by its small spatial coverage. The appearance of fiber optic distributed temperature sensing (FO-DTS) provided new possibilities due to its high spatial and temporal resolution. Methods based on the heat-balance equation, however, cannot quantify diffuse groundwater inflows that do not modify stream temperature. Our research approach consists of coupling groundwater inflow mapping from a previous article (Part I) and deconvolution of thermal profiles in the sediment to obtain vertical velocities along the entire reach. Vertical flows were calculated along a 400 m long reach, and a period of 9 months (October 2016 to June 2017), by coupling a fiber optic cable buried in thalweg sediment and a few thermal lances at the water–sediment interface. When compared to predictions of hyporheic discharge by traditional methods (differential discharge between upstream and downstream of the monitored reach and the mass-balance method), those of our method agreed only for the low-flow period and the end of the high-flow period. Our method underestimated hyporheic discharge during high flow. We hypothesized that the differential discharge and mass-balance methods included lateral inflows that were not detected by the fiber optic cable buried in thalweg sediment. Increasing spatial coverage of the cable as well as automatic and continuous calculation over the reach may improve predictions during the high-flow period. Coupling groundwater inflow mapping and vertical hyporheic flow allows flow to be quantified continuously, which is of great interest for characterizing and modeling fine hyporheic processes over long periods.

Dissolved Phosphorus Losses by Lateral Seepage from Swine Manure Amendments for Organic Rice Production

2013 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 765-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Q. Liang ◽  
L. Li ◽  
Y.X. Chen ◽  
H. Li ◽  
J. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Swine Manure ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Dissolved Phosphorus ◽  
Organic Rice ◽  
Manure Amendments ◽  
Phosphorus Losses

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Cover Crops for Water Pollutant Reduction from Agricultural Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 1007-1017
Author(s):  
Reid Christianson ◽  
Jordan Fox ◽  
Neely Law ◽  
Carol Wong
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
List Type ◽  
Loss Reduction ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Phosphorus Loss ◽  
Dissolved Phosphorus ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Phosphorus Losses

HighlightsNitrogen loss reduction due to a cover crop tends to improve with increased cover crop biomass production.Mixed phosphorus loss reduction results in cold climates where freeze-thaw cycles occur and can increase dissolved phosphorus losses.Cereal rye was the primary cover crop studied and tended to provide the most water quality benefits.Abstract. Mitigating nutrient losses from agricultural fields retains these nutrients for subsequent crop production and reduces the risk to downstream water quality. This study evaluated the impact of cover crops, as part of an annual cropping system, on reducing nutrient losses and enhancing water quality. Cover crop literature focusing on water quality was reviewed to determine important factors regarding cover crop performance and cost. Results show that a grass-based cover crop and mixes with grasses tend to increase nitrate loss reduction (40%) compared to legumes (negligible). Biomass growth was also important, with early seeding or growth of a cover crop in areas with increased growing degree days enhancing performance. For phosphorus loss, benefits did not necessarily increase with increasing biomass. Further, dissolved phosphorus concentrations may increase due to freeze-thaw cycles (23%), although overall dissolved phosphorus losses tend to decrease due to less runoff (34%). Cover crop implementation costs ranged from a savings of $25 to $44 ha-1 year-1 before soybeans and corn, respectively, when implementing a cover crop for five straight years to a cost of $193 ha-1 year-1. Including a cover crop in annual crop rotations with adequate time in the fall for germination and growth can reduce nitrogen and phosphorus losses from production agriculture to help meet water quality goals across the U.S. Keywords: Catch crop, Nitrogen, NRCS, Phosphorus, Practice Code 340, USDA, Water quality.

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