scholarly journals Preliminary tests on winter cereal varieties of resistance to low temperature parasitic fungi in controlled conditions

1968 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
H. H. Blomqvist ◽  
E. A. Jamalainen
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Typhula Ishikariensis ◽  
Parasitic Fungi ◽  
Fusarium Nivale ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The present work describes a method for the testing of the resistance of winter cereal varieties to Fusarium nivale, Typhula ishikariensis and T. incarnata. The shooting of the plants was carried out in greenhouses and after a period of 3 weeks of coldhardening the plants were infected, covered with cellulose wadding and placed in a temperature of 2°C. Once the varieties with the highest susceptibility were severely infected by the fungi the test was suspended and the plants were given some 2 weeks to recover prior to being analysed. The tested varieties were well known from field trials during a number of years. The results agree in the main with those obtained in the field. The Finnish winter wheat and winter rye varieties showed a greater degree of resistance to the above fungi than the Swedish ones. The injury inflicted by F. nivale on winter rye was more severe than that on the winter wheat varieties. T. ishikariensis and T. incarnata were considerably more pathogenic to wheat than F. nivale, and the tested varieties showed varying degrees of resistance to these fungi. The results likewise point to a correlation existing in the resistance to the three low temperature parasitic fungi.

scholarly journals Resistance of winter wheat varieties registered in the Czech Republic to mycotoxin accumulation in grain following inoculation with Fusarium culmorum

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 44-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chrpová ◽  
V. Šíp ◽  
E. Matějová ◽  
S. Sýkorová
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Infection Period ◽  
Classification Of Varieties ◽  
Moderate Resistance ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Resistance of 35 winter wheat varieties to the accumulation of mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) in grain was evaluated in field trials lasting three years (2004, 2005, 2006) after artificial inoculation with <i>Fusarium culmorum</i>. Data on DON and ZEA content were supplemented by symptom scores and determination of % of Fusarium damaged grains and % reductions of thousand grain weight and grain weight per spike due to infection. The conditions of experimental years highly influenced the performance of all characters. The highest production of DON occurred in 2006 at a high temperature and high moisture content during the infection period. Moderate resistance to the accumulation of DON (at the level of Swiss variety Arina) was detected in the varieties Apache, Samanta, Simila and Alana. Another six varieties (Rheia, Banquet, Ludwig, Rapsodia, Dromos and Globus) also showed relatively low average DON content, but a higher fluctuation in experimental years. DON content was positively related to ZEA content and significant correlations were also detected between DON content and the examined disease severity traits. In all years the earlier varieties showed lower DON accumulation than later varieties, but the effects of genotype earliness on the other traits, including ZEA content, were not often significant (not similar under different conditions). The obtained results could help to improve the classification of varieties from these aspects, which is desirable for recommendation on their use in practice and breeding.

scholarly journals Ecological trial of the winter wheat varieties of the ARC “Donskoy” in the area of dark chestnut soils of the Volgograd region

2021 ◽  
pp. 88-94
Author(s):  
V. L. Sapunkov ◽  
A. V. Solonkin ◽  
A. V. Guzenko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Chestnut Soils ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Moisture Supply ◽  
Favorable Weather ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The current paper has presented the trial results of the winter wheat varieties developed by the ARC “Donskoy” in 2018 -2020. Currently, the farmers have bred a lot of different wheat varieties, but they are not able to take into account all the peculiarities of their cultivation. The purpose of the current work was to study the features of the autumn and spring-summer vegetation periods of the winter wheat varieties developed by the ARC “Donskoy” in the area of dark chestnut soils of the Volgograd region. There have been selected 10 winter wheat varieties for the trials. The field trial was laid down on dark chestnut soils of the lands of the Serafimovichsky district in the Volgograd region. The study was carried out according to the generally accepted B.A. Dospekhov’s methodology. The field trials showed that the germination of winter wheat was influenced by a seeding depth, which was 7-9 cm. The best germination was found among the varieties ‘Asket’, ‘Etyud’, ‘Lilit’, ‘Donskaya Step’ and ‘Zhavoronok’. During the trials, the formation of a productive stand was greatly influenced by the weather (the length of a spring tillering period, precipitation in May), as well as the traits of the variety. The winter wheat varieties ‘Etyud’, ‘Shef’, ‘Donskaya Step’, ‘Krasa Dona’ were able to form a large number of productive stems under favorable weather conditions. Under insufficient moisture supply, the largest number of productive stems was formed by the varieties ‘Lidiya’ and ‘Lilit’. The highest tillering intensity during an autumn vegetation period was shown by the variety ‘Lidiya’ (4.7–6.2 shoots), including the varieties ‘Zhavoronok’ (4.2–5.4 shoots) and ‘Etyud’ (4.0–5.3 shoots). The largest productivity was produced by the varieties ‘Donskaya Step’ (4.97 t/ha), ‘Zhavoronok’ (4.95 t/ha), ‘Krasa Dona’ (4.90 t/ha) over three years.

scholarly journals Experiments on the use of some chloronitrobenzene and organic mercury compounds for the control of low-temperature parasitic fungi on winter cereals

1958 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-263
Author(s):  
E. A. Jamalainen
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Organic Mercury ◽  
Mercury Compounds ◽  
Parasitic Fungi ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Seed Dressing ◽  
Made In

The cause of damage from low-temperature parasitic fungi during overwintering was in the experiments with winter rye mainly Fusarium nivale (Fr.) Ces., in the experiments with winter wheat both F. nivale and the Typhula spp. fungi, T. itoana Imai and T. idahoensis Remsb. The pentachloronitrobenzene compounds PCNB and the organic mercury compounds phenylmercuryacetate (PMA) and phenylmercurysalicylate (PMS) were effective against both the Fusarium and the Typhula fungi in the experiments in which the treatments of the seedlings had been performed in November under weather conditions normal for South Finland. The effect of treatments performed correspondingly earlier in October was slighter. In experiments made in South Finland in the winter 1955—56 and in the winter 1957—58, when low-temperature parasitic fungi appeared in abundance, the increases in yield due to treatment of the seedlings with PCNB and with the mercury compounds PMA and PMS performed in November were very considerable; winter rye (7 tests) 12—122 per cent, winter wheat (4 tests) 31—735 per cent, and winter barley (one test) 124 per cent. – In the experiments made in 1956—57 in South Finland no increase in yield was obtained through treatment of the seedlings because low-temperature fungi did not appear. The mercury compounds PMA and PMS when applied on the stands in autumn were more effective against low-temperature parasitic fungi on winter cereals than the PCNB preparations. The effect of zineb and hexachloronitrobenzene (HCNB) preparations in controlling low-temperature parasitic fungi on winter cereals by treating the stands in autumn was found to be much slighter than the effect of PCNB and of the organic mercury fungicides. The amount of active ingredient in the PCNB preparations was in most experiments 5 kg per hectare. In the two PMA preparations used in the experiments the amount of active ingredient was 125 and 425 kg per hectare, the corresponding amounts of Hg were 75 and 212.5 g per hectare. The amount of active ingredient in the two PMS preparations was 235 and 470 g per hectare, the corresponding amounts of Hg were 110.5 and 221 g per hectare. In the experiment on seed dressing with winter rye in 1955—56 it was ascertained that in addition to the organic mercury preparations also the thiram preparation was effective against Fusarium mould. In seed dressing experiments in Finland considerable increases in yield especially of winter rye have been obtained by using organic mercury compounds when the seed has been normally germinating and not infested by mould. This shows that the small amount of mercury that accompanies the seed into the soil is effective in controlling the low-temperature fungi during the winter.

Physiological responses to low temperature in spring and winter wheat varieties

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 1967-1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Dong Jia ◽  
Zhiqiang Gao ◽  
Qi Dong ◽  
Liheng He
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Experiments on vernalisation

1936 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. H. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Low Temperature Treatment ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

1. The effect of low-temperature treatment on some varieties of wheat, barley and oats has been found to be profoundly affected by the time of sowing of the treated grain.2. Winter sowing showed the least vernalisation effect, while in the spring the stimulative action became more pronounced as far as earing acceleration is concerned, as the sowing was made progressively later. This was particularly marked in winter varieties.3. Developmental studies of the control and vernalised plants showed the stimulative action on early growth and growing point development in the winter varieties.4. Tiller counts on control and vernalised plants of three winter wheat varieties demonstrated the fact that each variety was stimulated to earlier tiller production, but in two of the varieties this resulted in a reduction of surviving ears at harvest.

The basis of variation in date of ear emergence under field conditions among the progeny of a cross between two winter wheat varieties

1985 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hoogendoorn
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Plant Breeding Institute ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Crop Research ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

SummaryFrom the progeny of a cross between the winter wheat varieties Norman and Talent early and late F5 lines were selected in the field. These selections and the two parental varieties were grown in controlled environment cabinets to assess their sensitivity to photoperiod and vernalization.The F5 selections and Norman and Talent were also grown in field trials, at the Plant Breeding Institute in Trumpington, and at The Murrays Experimental Farm of the Scottish Crop Research Institute, near Edinburgh.Norman was more sensitive to photoperiod and vernalization than Talent. The early F5 lines were relatively insensitive to photoperiod and/or vernalization. The late lines were sensitive to both photoperiod and vernalization. Differences in date of ear emergence among the selections were found which were independent of photoperiod and vernalization sensitivity. This variation in ear emergence, described as earliness per se, was similar under controlled environment conditions and in the field, and was also shown to be similar in magnitude to that due to differences in sensitivity to photoperiod and vernalization. Both sources of variation can be exploited to modify time of ear emergence under field conditions in Great Britain.

CONTROLLED LOW TEMPERATURE TESTS OF SPROUTED SEEDS AS A MEASURE OF COLD HARDINESS OF WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES

1958 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Reliable Method ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Limited Space ◽  
Sprouted Seeds ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Twenty winter wheat varieties were tested for cold hardiness in the sprouted seed stage. Their relative cold hardiness at this stage was in close agreement with their relative cold hardiness in freezing tests of young plants and with their field winter hardiness. Testing by the procedure outlined is apparently a reliable method of testing for cold hardiness. It permits the testing of a large number of varieties in a limited space.

QUALITATIVE STABILITY OF WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES AT DIFFERENT LOCATIONS

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-195
Author(s):  
C. Kondora ◽  
M. Szabó ◽  
A. Máté ◽  
G. Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Baking Quality ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Owing to the significant differences in the adaptability of state-registered varieties, those which can adapt well to the local conditions should be given preference. There are several high-yielding varieties available in Hungary with excellent agronomic properties, good adaptability and satisfactory baking quality. This study was conducted to analyse the adaptability of 34 state-registered winter wheat varieties tested in the small plot trials of the National Institute for Agricultural Quality Control (NIAQC) at 5–9 locations between 1994 and 1997 based on their gluten quantity and farinographic index. For the comparison of the varieties the evaluation method of Eberhart and Russell (1966) was applied as modified by Bedő and Balla (1977). The qualitative stability and adaptability values of the varieties differ from the adaptability and stability values calculated from the grain yields. Some winter wheat varieties have good qualitative adaptability and stability, while others have special adaptability and poor qualitative stability, but the majority of the varieties do not belong to these groups.

Impact of the estimated doses of mineral fertilizers on the infestation mildew, pyrenophora and yield of winter wheat varieties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.Y. Ozheredova ◽  
◽  
A. N. Esaulko ◽  
L.A. Mikhno ◽  
A.P. Shutko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Leached Chernozem ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The article presents materials on the influence of calculated doses of mineral fertilizers on the incidence of powdery mildew, pyrenophorosis and yield of winter wheat varieties cultivated on leached Chernozem for 2016-2018.

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