scholarly journals Studies on the sulfur metabolism of cows on protein-free and low-protein feed

1977 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-273
Author(s):  
Eino Matikkala ◽  
Matti Kreula
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Sulfur Metabolism ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Sulfate Sulfur ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Rich ◽  
Protein Feed ◽  
Balance Trials ◽  
Inorganic Sulfate

The influence of purified, protein-free feed with urea and ammonium salts as nitrogen sources (0-feed) and of non-purified, urea-rich, low-protein feeds (ULP-feed) on the sulfur metabolism of cows has been studied by determining the contents of sulfur fractions in faeces, urine, milk, blood and rumen fluid. The sulfur of 0-feed was composed entirely of inorganic sulfate. During balance trials the N:S ratio in the feed varied from 6.1 to 9.5, and the sulfur content from 0.22 to 0.31 % of the dry matter. In every trial (seven with 0-feed and two with ULP-feed), of five or seven days duration, the cows were in high-positive sulfur balance. The 0-cows excreted a greater proportion of their total sulfur output via urine than the ULP-cows. The excretion of inorganic sulfate sulfur, as a proportion of the urinary and faecal sulfur, was greater for 0-cows than for ULP- or NorP-cows (cows on normal, protein-rich feed); the opposite was the case with regard to the excretion of ester sulfate sulfur and neutral sulfur. The sulfur contents of milk and blood showed only minor inter-feed differences. The sulfate content in the rumen fluid of the 0-cow rose rapidly after the commencement of feeding and then fell quite rapidly. We conclude tentatively that in the rumen of the 0-cow hydrogen sulfide is generated so quickly that the whole of it cannot be used for the synthesis of sulfur-containing compounds, a considerable proportion of it being lost in eructations or excreted as inorganic sulfates in the urine.

The performance of calves given concentrate diets treated with formaldehyde

1973 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 613 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Faichney ◽  
HL Davies
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Peanut Meal ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Formaldehyde Treatment ◽  
Protein Diets

Five groups of Friesian bull calves were given concentrate diets containing 70 % barley in which low (12 %), medium (15 %), and high (19%) protein levels were obtained by varying the amount of peanut meal included. The effects of protein level and of formaldehyde treatment of the complete diet at the low and medium protein levels were studied in terms of liveweight gain, voluntary food consumption, digestibility of the diet, ammonia nitrogen in rumen fluid, and urea and a-amino nitrogen in blood plasma. Observations were begun when the calves reached 70 kg liveweight and continued until they reached 130 kg liveweight. The calves given the low protein diets grew more slowly than those given the higher protein diets. The calves given the high protein diet grew no better than those given the medium protein diets. Formaldehyde treatment was associated with an increase in the rate of liveweight gain of 9% (P = 0.11) at the low protein level but had practically no effect at the medium protein level. The treatment did not adversely affect voluntary food consumption but was associated with decreases in the digestibility of nitrogen and in rumen ammonia levels and small increases in plasma urea levels.

Feed Intake and Digestion by Holstein Steers Consuming Low-Protein Forage Supplemented with Different Nitrogen Sources

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Duff ◽  
A. L. Goetsch ◽  
K. K. Park ◽  
D. L. Galloway ◽  
M. Rinne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Low Protein

Sulfur and methionine metabolism in sheep. III.* Excretion and retention of dietary and supplemented sulfur, and production responses to intraruminal infusions of DL-methionine

1979 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
PT Doyle ◽  
RJ Moir
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Methionine Metabolism ◽  
Sulfate Sulfur ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Methionine Supplementation ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Basal Ration ◽  
Inorganic Sulfate

Two experiments were carried out to study the excretion and retention of nitrogen and sulfur when intraruminal infusions of DL-methionine were given to sheep. Merino wethers were fed on a 50:50 oaten chaff: lucerne chaff ration at different levels of dry matter intake (DMI), either as chaff or ground and pelleted, and with or without intraruminal infusions of DL-methionine. Liveweight gain in experiment 1, and the rate of wool growth and sulfur incorporation into wool were also measured. [35S]L-methionine was used to trace sulfur excretion from the supplement. Increasing the DMI increased (P < 0.001) nitrogen and sulfur excretion in both faeces and urine, but also increased (P < 0.001) the apparent retention of nitrogen and sulfur. The excretion of nitrogen and sulfur was not significantly affected by the form in which the basal ration was supplied, but sulfur retention did improve (P < 0.05) when the ration was given as chaff. DL-methionine supplements resulted in large increases (P < 0.001) in the excretion of total and inorganic sulfate sulfur in urine, and there was a tendency for urinary neutral sulfur excretion to increase. The amino acid supplement did not affect faecal sulfur excretion except at the lower level of feed intake in experiment 2. Differences in the amount of sulfur, from DL-methionine and [35S]L- methionine injections given into the rumen, excreted in faeces and urine indicate possible differences in the metabolism of the amino acid isomers. Increasing DMI resulted in improved (P < 0.001) rates of liveweight gain and wool growth; DL-methionine infusions had no effect. Further, estimates of sulfur incorporation into wool indicate that very little supplementary methionine was utilized at the follicular sites despite increased sulfur retention. The patterns of sulfur excretion suggest that the added methionine was rapidly and virtually completely dissimilated in the rumen. It is concluded that production responses to dietary methionine supplementation occur only under sulfur-deficient conditions or occasionally where degradation is avoided. _____________________ *Part II, Aust. J. Biol. Sci., 32: 65 (1979).

Nutritional management of meat poultry

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 133-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Filmer
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Proper Function ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Alternative Systems ◽  
Protein Feed

AbstractThe shortcomings of current feeding practices for meat poultry are illustrated and alternative systems discussed. These include automatic blending between high and low protein feeds at each poultry house, to deliver appropriate predetermined nutrient intakes daily. The benefits of using whole cereal as the low protein feed on gut pH, viscosity of gut contents, nutrient digestibility, litter quality and reductions in atmospheric pollution, and coccidial damage are discussed.Comparisons between current ad-lib feeding and various developmental stages of “Automated Controlled Feeding” are made. The alternative systems lead to proper function of birds' gizzards and crops and the benefits in terms of bird health, reduced mortality and variability, improved behaviour, and feed efficiency are illustrated.Currently available integrated management systems are described, and the principles behind a current MAFF LINK project discussed. This involves a real-time growth model that uses recorded liveweight, feed and nutrient intakes to date, to calculate the next day's nutrient intakes that will get birds back on target if they start to deviate from it.Future developments where the objective function could include minimising costs per kg liveweight or breast meat or maximising margin per bird placed or per square metre per year are discussed.

Influence of African Multipurpose Trees on Activity of Rumen Protozoa and Bacteria in Vitro

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 136-136
Author(s):  
C. J. Newbold ◽  
S. M. El Hassan ◽  
R. J. Wallace ◽  
X-B. Chen ◽  
A. V. Goodchild ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Multipurpose Trees ◽  
Bacterial Degradation ◽  
Bacterial Protein ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Selenomonas Ruminantium ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Protein Diets

The engulfment and digestion of bacteria by ciliate protozoa leads to elevated ruminal ammonia concentrations and reduced microbial protein flow from the rumen. Thus it has been suggested that the removal of protozoa from the rumen (defaunation) may be beneficial in animals fed low protein diets (Bird and Leng, 1978). However, existing laboratory methods for defaunation are unsuitable for practical usage. Here we investigated the effects of leaves from various African multipurpose trees (MPT) on the activities of rumen bacteria and protozoa in the hope of identifying naturally occurring defaunating agents.Protozoa are responsible for over 90% of the bacterial protein turnover in the rumen (Wallace and McPherson, 1987), thus the breakdown of bacterial protein was used as an assay of protozoal activity. [14CJ-Leucine-labelled Selenomonas ruminantium was incubated in vitro with rumen fluid taken from four rumen-fistulated sheep receiving a diet of hay, molasses, fishmeal and a mineral and vitamin mixture (500, 299.5,100,91 and 9.5 g/kg respectively). Wheat straw (40 mg/ml) or a 70:30 mixture of straw and MPT was added 2 h before the addition of labelled bacteria. Samples were removed hourly for up to 4 h to follow bacterial degradation. Unlabelled leucine (2.5 mM) was added to the rumen fluid to prevent reincorporation of [14C]-leucine.

Research of Producing Single Cell Protein with Molasses Wastewater

2013 ◽  
Vol 838-841 ◽  
pp. 2785-2790
Author(s):  
Yi Yao ◽  
Hua Lin ◽  
Liang Liang Tan ◽  
Shao Hong You ◽  
Liao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Strain Ratio ◽  
Geotrichum Candidum ◽  
Single Cell Protein ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Molasses Wastewater ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Protein Feed

This paper is to study the optimum conditions for extracting the protein feed by using the mixed microbial fermentation. And using the single factor and orthogonal methods, the microbial content as the main indicators, investigated the effects of the combination of strain, strain ratio, the amount of bacteria, fermentation temperature, the concentration of fermentation, fermentation pH, nitrogen sources and inorganic salts and other factors on the fermentation of protein yield. The test results showed that the best fermentation process is sterilization process, the best combination of strains of Geotrichum candidum, Candida tropicalis and Candida utilis yeast, the cast of bacteria was 10%, the best molasses fermentation concentration 20g / 100 mL, and temperature 30 ° C, initial pH 5.0, appropriate amount of Yeast extract, magnesium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and super phosphate. The Test provides a theoretical and experimental basis for Molasses wastewater utilization

scholarly journals Synthesis and Differential Turnover of the CYS3 Regulatory Protein of Neurospora crassa Are Subject to Sulfur Control

1998 ◽  
Vol 180 (3) ◽  
pp. 478-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Tao ◽  
George A. Marzluf
Keyword(s):  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Sulfur Metabolism ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Regulatory Circuit ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Cys3 Protein ◽  
Inorganic Sulfate

ABSTRACT The transcription factor CYS3 of Neurospora crassa is a positive regulator of the sulfur regulatory circuit which contains many structural genes involved in sulfur metabolism. Expression and degradation of the CYS3 protein are precisely regulated in a sulfur-dependent manner. cys-3 expression was found to be fully repressed by high concentrations of methionine or inorganic sulfate present in the culture medium and to be derepressed when these favored sulfur sources were limited. cys-3 transcripts could be readily detected within 2 h after derepression, whereas the CYS3 protein was not found until after 4 h. CYS3 is stable, with a half-life greater than 4 h under low-sulfur conditions when it is required for cell growth. However, it is degraded relatively quickly when methionine or inorganic sulfate becomes available. Upon sulfur repression, cys-3 transcripts disappeared within 30 min with an estimated half-life of 5 min whereas CYS3 protein almost entirely disappeared in 1 h with a half-life of approximately 10 min. These results suggest that a selective elimination of CYS3 is a highly regulated process. Site-directed mutagenesis showed that Lys-105 of CYS3 is important for its instability. The change of this single residue from lysine to glutamine resulted in a prolonged half life of CYS3 and impaired responsiveness of CYS3 degradation to sulfur level changes.

scholarly journals SULFATE-SULFUR METABOLISM IN THE RAT FETUS AS INDICATED BY SULFUR-35

1953 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic D. Dziewiatkowski
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Sulfur Metabolism ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Rat Fetus ◽  
Sulfate Sulfur

Twenty-four hours after the intraperitoneal injection of sodium sulfate-S35 into pregnant rats, sulfur-35 was found in the embryos. The amount of the sulfur-35 retained by the embryos was directly related to their degree of development in utero. A large fraction of the sulfur-35 found in the embryos was insoluble in 5 per cent trichloroacetic acid. At the 9th to 10th day of development, about 40 per cent of the sulfur-35 was present in this fraction. In 20-day-old embryos this fraction accounted for nearly 90 per cent of the total. Radioautographs of sections of embryos fixed in a solution of formaldehyde revealed that the sulfur-35 was most highly concentrated in the cartilaginous portion of the skeleton. All other tissues gave much weaker autographic reactions, comparable with the over-all reaction obtained when sections from embryos fixed in a solution of formaldehyde saturated with barium hydroxide were used. By analysis for the sulfur-35 content of individual tissues the concentration of the sulfur-35 in humeri from 20-day-old embryos was found to be about 30 times that in the maternal sternum. The concentration of the isotope in the skeletal muscle, brain, heart, and skin of the same embryos was also higher than in the corresponding maternal tissues. On the other hand, the concentration of the sulfur-35 in the maternal gastrointestinal tract plus contents was higher than in the gastrointestinal tract and contents of the embryos.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document