The effect of inoculants and cellulase on the fermentation and microbiological composition of grass silage: II Microbiological changes in the silages

Four experimental silages were made into bunker silos by adding lactic acid bacteria and cellulase enzyme. The control silages were made without any additives and with AIV II solution (80 % formic acid, 2% orthophosphoric acid). The microbial compositions of the experimental silages were studied in five microbial groups; (1) total count of bacteria, (2) lactic acid bacteria, (3) Clostridia, (4) coliform bacteria and (5) fungi (yeasts and moulds). At the beginning of the fermentations enteric bacteria and lactic acid bacteria were increasing. Inoculation of the silage decreased the growth of enterobacteria compared with silages made with cellulase or without additives. This effect was further increased by using AIV II solution. Heterolactic fermentations started in the silages made with cellulase, inoculants and no additives, when initial reducing sugars, primarily glucose and fructose, were fermented. In good ensiling conditions only a few butyric acid forming Clostridia and small amounts of moulds and yests were found. Yeasts existed mostly in silages made with cellulase and with inoculation.

Download Full-text

Microbiota of Non-Smoked Slovak Cheese “Parenica”

Advanced Research in Life Sciences ◽

10.2478/arls-2020-0017 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 41-47

Author(s):

Miroslava Kačániová ◽

Margarita Terentjeva ◽

Simona Kunová ◽

Petra Borotová ◽

Peter Haščík ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Rapid Identification ◽

Coliform Bacteria ◽

Microbial Count ◽

Spectrometry Method ◽

Three Samples ◽

Microbial Groups ◽

In The Beginning

Abstract Our study was focused on rapid identification of selected groups of microorganisms from non-smoked cheese made from cow’s milk. The following groups of microorganisms were detected: lactic acid bacteria, total microbial counts, coliforms, yeast and filamentous microscopic fungi. The microbial groups were analyzed depending on sampling month from January to December. The microbial qualtity of samples were evaluated with classical microbiological method and than identified with mass spectrometry. The highest total microbial count was found in July - 3.42 log CFU/g. The presence of coliform bacteria was detected in three samples in the beginning of January and the counts increase in summer months. Microscopic filamentous fungi and yeast were present in all samples during the year with the highest counts during the summer months were observed. Altogether, 25 microbial genera were identified including families Candida, Cryptococcus, Kluyveromyces, Saccharomyces, Rhodotorula, Torulaspora, Yarrowia, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, Streptococcus, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Hafnia, Citrobacter, Bacillus, and Sphingomonas with mass spectrometry method. The lactic acid bacteria are one of the most important group of microorganisms in milk and milk products for production of typical sensory characteristics.

Download Full-text

The effect of biological additives on the composition and nutritive value of silage

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) ◽

10.1017/s030822960001919x ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 1990 ◽

pp. 139-139

Author(s):

M Gonzalez Yanez ◽

R Mcginn ◽

D H Anderson ◽

A R Henderson ◽

P Phillips

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Lolium Perenne ◽

Perennial Ryegrass ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Enzyme System ◽

Lolium Perenne L ◽

Grass Silage ◽

Forage Harvester

It Is claimed that the use of the correct enzyme system as an additive on grass silage will satisfactorily control the fermentation and reduce the cell-wall fibre content, thus preserving the nutrients In the silage and aiding their utilisation by the animal (Henderson and McDonald, 1977; Huhtanen et al, 1985; Raurama et al, 1987; Chamberlain and Robertson, 1989; Gordon, 1989;).The aim of the present experiment was to assess the effect of biological additives, enzymes or a combination of enzymes with an Inoculum of lactic acid bacteria, on the composition of silage and on its nutritive value when offered to store lambs as the sole constituent of their diet.On 1st June 1988, first cut perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L) at pre-ear emergence was ensiled direct cut untreated (U), treated with a commercial enzyme (E) or with a commercial inoculum of lactic acid bacteria with enzymes (I) in 6t capacity bunker silos. The grass was cut with a mower and lifted with a New Holland precision chop forage harvester. The additives were pumped onto the grass using a dribble bar sited over the pick-up drum.

Download Full-text

Effect of Ensilage of Rye Treated with Formic Acid and Lactic Acid Bacteria Inoculant on Ruminal Fermentation Characteristics

Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science ◽

10.5333/kgfs.2020.40.4.244 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 244-250

Author(s):

Jayeon Kim ◽

◽

Rajaraman Bharanidharan ◽

Geumhwi Bang ◽

Soonwoo Jeong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Formic Acid ◽

Ruminal Fermentation

Download Full-text

Microbial Community and Fermentation Characteristics of Native Grass Prepared Without or With Isolated Lactic Acid Bacteria on the Mongolian Plateau

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.731770 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Sihan You ◽

Shuai Du ◽

Gentu Ge ◽

Tao Wan ◽

Yushan Jia

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Community ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Principal Coordinate Analysis ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Mongolian Plateau ◽

Native Grass ◽

Grass Silage

This study aimed to isolate and identify lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from the native grass and naturally fermented silage from the Mongolian Plateau. The effect of selected strains on bacterial community and quality of native grass silage was also studied. Strains XM2, 265, and 842 could grow normally at 15°C–30°C, pH 4.0–8.0, and NaCl 3 and 6.5%; they were identified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici, and Latilactobacillus graminis, by sequencing 16S rRNA, respectively. The three strains (XM2, 265, and 842) and one commercial additive (L) were used as inoculants and singularly added to the native grass. Compared to the control, the dry matter content was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in L and XM2 groups. The water-soluble carbohydrate content was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in control than in other groups. Compared with the control, the crude protein and ammonia nitrogen contents were significantly (p < 0.05) higher and lower in the LAB-treated groups, and the acid and detergent fiber contents were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in the L and XM2 groups than those in other groups. There was a significant (p < 0.05) difference in the pH value, lactic acid content, and lactic acid-to-acetic acid ratio in L and XM2 groups than in other groups. Compared with the control, the number of LAB was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in LAB-treated silages, whereas no significant (p > 0.05) differences were observed in yeast and aerobic bacteria in all groups. Compared to the control, the Shannon index was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced. Simpson and Chao1 were significantly (p < 0.05) increased. Principal coordinate analysis based on the unweighted UniFrac distance showed clear separation of the bacterial community in fresh materials and LAB-treated silages. Besides, compared to the control, the principal coordinate analysis of LAB-treated silages was also separate. After 30 days of fermentation, the relative abundance of Firmicutes increased and was the primary phylum in all silages. Compared with the control, the abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteriawas significantly (p < 0.05) higher and lower in L and XM2 groups. In contrast, no significant differences were observed among control, 265, and 842 groups. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Enterobacter, Pediococcus, and Weissella was increased and dominated the native grass fermentation. Compared with the control, the abundance of Lactobacillus was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in L, XM2, and 842 groups, while no significant (p > 0.05) differences were observed between the control and 265 groups. The abundance of Pediococcus was higher than that in other groups. Consequently, the results demonstrated that LAB significantly influenced silage fermentation by reconstructing microbiota, and Lactobacillus was the dominant genus in the native grass silages. Furthermore, the results showed that strain XM2 could effectively improve the silage quality, and it is considered a potential starter for the native grass silage.

Download Full-text

Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and selected fecal microbiota are improved by β-glucan supplementation in weaner pigs

Annals of Animal Science ◽

10.2478/aoas-2018-0024 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 769-779

Author(s):

Xin Jian Lei ◽

Hyeok Min Yun ◽

Yi Yang ◽

In Ho Kim

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Negative Control ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Coliform Bacteria ◽

Weaner Pigs ◽

Blood Profiles

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary β-glucan supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, and fecal characteristics in weaner pigs. A total of 140 weaner pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] with an average body weight of 6.37±1.14 kg were allotted to one of the following dietary treatments: 1) negative control (NC, basal diet); 2) positive control (PC, basal diet supplemented with 39 ppm Tiamulin); 3) basal diet supplemented with 0.1% β-glucan (G1); 4) basal diet supplemented with 0.2% β-glucan (G2). During days 22 to 42 and 1 to 42, pigs offered PC and G2 diets grew faster than those offered NC diet (P<0.05). Additionally, during the same periods, pigs fed G2 and PC diets exhibited improved gain:feed ratio compared to pigs receiving NC and G1 diets (P<0.05). Pigs fed G2 diet exhibited higher coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility of dry matter than those fed NC diet (P<0.05). There were no differences on blood profiles, fecal scores, fecal moisture, and fecal pH (P>0.05). Fecal lactic acid bacteria counts in G2 treatment were higher compared with PC and NC treatments (P<0.05). Coliform bacteria concentrations were decreased in pigs fed PC and G2 diets compared with those fed NC diet (P<0.05). In conclusion, the results of the current study indicate that dietary supplementation of 0.2% β-glucan can improve growth performance and dry matter digestibility, increase fecal lactic acid bacteria concentration but decrease fecal coliform bacteria concentration in weaner pigs.

Download Full-text

An evaluation of the concentrate sparing effect of four silage additives

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) ◽

10.1017/s0308229600022637 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 1992 ◽

pp. 153-153

Author(s):

C S Mayne

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Formic Acid ◽

Animal Performance ◽

Bacterial Inoculants ◽

Milk Output ◽

Sparing Effect ◽

Silage Additives ◽

Constant Yield ◽

Potential Concentrate

Recent research at this Institute has shown marked improvements in animal performance following the use of bacterial inoculants as silage additives (Gordon, 1989 and Mayne, 1990). Other studies with additives based on antimicrobial carboxylic salts (Maxgrass - BP Chemicals) have also shown large improvements in animal performance relative to untreated silage (Chamberlain et al, 1990). However with constraints on milk output in the form of milk quotas, it is important to investigate the potential “concentrate sparing” effect of these differing silage additives, whilst producing a constant yield of milk constituents.Five silages with a range of fermentation characteristics were produced by ensiling first regrowth herbage either untreated (C) or treated with four differing silage additives including: an inoculant of lactic acid bacteria (I); an inoculant of lactic acid bacteria plus enzymes (I+E); formic acid applied at 2.54 litres/t grass (FA) and antimicrobial carboxylic acids applied at 5.95 litres/t grass (CA).

Download Full-text