Study to evaluate the role of TNFα, IL1β, IL6 in diagnosis and severity assessment of neonatal sepsis among term, appropriate for gestational age newborn

OBJECTIVE: Ghrelin is a GH secretagog isolated recently from rat stomach and involved in the stimulation of food intake and adiposity in rodents and humans. Moreover, subsequent studies showed that ghrelin is expressed in rat and human placenta, suggesting a possible influence of the peptide on fetal growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate circulating levels of ghrelin in appropriate for gestational age (AGA) or intrauterine growth-restricted (IUGR) fetuses. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Ghrelin levels between 20 and 39 weeks of gestation were measured in 16 AGA and nine IUGR fetuses in whom blood was collected by cordocentesis performed for prenatal diagnosis of different diseases or during elective cesarean section. In most samples, GH, cortisol and leptin levels were also evaluated. Results are expressed as means+/-S.D. Differences were tested using the Student's t-test with Welch correction. P<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: All fetuses showed levels of ghrelin in the umbilical venous blood (100+/-99 pmol/l) that did not correlate with the gestational age or the maternal ghrelin levels. No difference was found between umbilical venous and arterial concentrations, suggesting that fetal tIssues are a source of ghrelin. Ghrelin levels in IUGR fetuses were significantly higher than those found in AGA fetuses (176+/-125 vs 58+/-44 pmol/l; P<0.005). Moreover, in samples obtained at birth, ghrelin concentrations correlated negatively with birth weight (P<0.05). In IUGR fetuses, GH and cortisol concentrations were higher and leptin levels lower than in AGA fetuses, although no significant correlation between these parameters and ghrelin levels was found. CONCLUSION: The presence of ghrelin in the fetal circulation as well as its increase in IUGR fetuses suggest a role of this peptide during intrauterine development.

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Comparative study of routine diagnostic test, C-reactive protein with antithrombin III levels in diagnosis and prognosis of neonatal sepsis

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20183370 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 1781

Author(s):

Asruti R. Kacha ◽

Saurabh Prasad ◽

Panchshila Parmar

Keyword(s):

Neonatal Sepsis ◽

Neonatal Intensive Care ◽

Antithrombin Iii ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽

Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽

Culture Positive

Background: Antithrombin III is a potent inhibitor of thrombin mediated vascular injury in the micro-circulation in severe sepsis. This endogenous anti-coagulant is rapidly depleted in the early phases of sepsis as a result of decreased synthesis, increased destruction and enhanced clearance by thrombin-antithrombin complexes. This study was conducted to evaluate the role of antithrombin III level in diagnosis and prognosis of culture proven neonatal sepsis as compared to conventional C-reactive protein.Methods: This prospective study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in 30 full term, appropriate for gestational age neonates who were admitted in neonatal intensive care unit for suspected sepsis.Results: Out of 30 neonates suspected of sepsis in NICU, 22 turned out to be culture positive. Keeping antithrombin III cut off level ≤150 mg/L, 18 of those 22 culture positive neonates, had antithrombin III level ≤150 mg/L; sensitivity at ≤150mg/L was 81.82%. This was way higher than the 50% sensitivity of CRP, that was found in the study. (Only 11out of 22 culture positive neonates had positive CRP).Conclusions: Antithrombin III level ≤ 150 mg/L is a good indicator for neonatal septicemia and helps to detect neonatal sepsis earlier and more accurately as compared to other conventional laboratory tests like CRP. It also predicts the prognosis of neonatal sepsis more precisely as compared to CRP.

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Association between perinatal factors, genetic susceptibility to obesity and age at adiposity rebound in children of the EDEN mother–child cohort

International Journal of Obesity ◽

10.1038/s41366-021-00847-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Aminata Hallimat Cissé ◽

Sandrine Lioret ◽

Blandine de Lauzon-Guillain ◽

Anne Forhan ◽

Ken K. Ong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Genetic Susceptibility ◽

Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Obesity Risk ◽

Perinatal Factors ◽

Gestational Weight ◽

Adiposity Rebound ◽

Kinetics Of

Abstract Background Early adiposity rebound (AR) has been associated with increased risk of overweight or obesity in adulthood. However, little is known about early predictors of age at AR. We aimed to study the role of perinatal factors and genetic susceptibility to obesity in the kinetics of AR. Methods Body mass index (BMI) curves were modelled by using mixed-effects cubic models, and age at AR was estimated for 1415 children of the EDEN mother–child cohort study. A combined obesity risk-allele score was calculated from genotypes for 27 variants identified by genome-wide association studies of adult BMI. Perinatal factors of interest were maternal age at delivery, parental education, parental BMI, gestational weight gain, maternal smoking during pregnancy, and newborn characteristics (sex, prematurity, and birth weight). We used a hierarchical level approach with multivariable linear regression model to investigate the association between these factors, obesity risk-allele score, and age at AR. Results A higher genetic susceptibility to obesity score was associated with an earlier age at AR. At the most distal level of the hierarchical model, maternal and paternal educational levels were positively associated with age at AR. Children born to parents with higher BMI were more likely to exhibit earlier age at AR. In addition, higher gestational weight gain was related to earlier age at AR. For children born small for gestational age, the average age at AR was 88 [±39] days lower than for children born appropriate for gestational age and 91 [±56] days lower than for children born large for gestational age. Conclusion The timing of AR seems to be an early childhood manifestation of the genetic susceptibility to adult obesity. We further identified low birth weight and gestational weight gain as novel predictors of early AR, highlighting the role of the intrauterine environment in the kinetics of adiposity.

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Measurement of the Brain Volume/Liver Volume Ratio by Three‐Dimensional MRI in Appropriate‐for‐Gestational Age Fetuses and Those With Fetal Growth Restriction

Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

10.1002/jmri.27792 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kui Li ◽

Guohui Yan ◽

Weizeng Zheng ◽

Jin Sun ◽

Yu Zou

Keyword(s):

Fetal Growth ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Fetal Growth Restriction ◽

Brain Volume ◽

Liver Volume ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Volume Ratio ◽

Growth Restriction ◽

Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽

The Brain

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Serum kallistatin level is decreased in women with preeclampsia

Journal of Perinatal Medicine ◽

10.1515/jpm-2020-0142 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 60-66

Author(s):

Onur Güralp ◽

Nevin Tüten ◽

Koray Gök ◽

Kübra Hamzaoglu ◽

Huri Bulut ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Late Onset ◽

Serine Proteinase ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Control Group ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Uncomplicated Pregnancy ◽

Appropriate For Gestational Age

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the serum levels of the serine proteinase inhibitor kallistatin in women with preeclampsia (PE).MethodsThe clinical and laboratory parameters of 55 consecutive women with early-onset PE (EOPE) and 55 consecutive women with late-onset PE (LOPE) were compared with 110 consecutive gestational age (GA)-matched (±1 week) pregnant women with an uncomplicated pregnancy and an appropriate for gestational age fetus.ResultsMean serum kallistatin was significantly lower in women with PE compared to the GA-matched-controls (27.74±8.29 ng/mL vs. 37.86±20.64 ng/mL, p<0.001); in women with EOPE compared to that of women in the control group GA-matched for EOPE (24.85±6.65 ng/mL vs. 33.37±17.46 ng/mL, p=0.002); and in women with LOPE compared to that of women in the control group GA-matched for LOPE (30.87±8.81 ng/mL vs. 42.25±22.67 ng/mL, p=0.002). Mean serum kallistatin was significantly lower in women with EOPE compared to LOPE (24.85±6.65 ng/mL vs. 30.87±8.81 ng/mL, p<0.001). Serum kallistatin had negative correlations with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, creatinine, and positive correlation with GA at sampling and GA at birth.ConclusionsSerum kallistatin levels are decreased in preeclamptic pregnancies compared to the GA-matched-controls. This decrease was also significant in women with EOPE compared to LOPE. Serum kallistatin had negative correlation with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, creatinine and positive correlation with GA at sampling and GA at birth.

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