INDEPENDENSI KEJAKSAAN DALAM SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA DI INDONESIA

ABSTRACTInternally there is a factor in the every person to commit a crime, so that in need of institutions that can regulate the life of the community so that the life of the community so that the rights of every human being can be protected. On this based John Locke put forward the theory known of social contract theory. According to his theory the state is built on the basis of social contract between the government as the holder of power with the people as the holder of sovereignty. Governments are given the power to organize order and create an atmosphere in which the people can enjoy there natural rights safety. On the other hard the people will obey the government if the rights are guaranteed. The task of provecting human rights in society at the level of public interest in the obligation and responsibility of the state. The duty by the state is then submitted to the law enforcement apparatus as a componen in the criminal justice system consisting of the police, prosekutors, courts and correctional institution popularized as the “criminal justice system”. As a componen of the criminal justice system, prosekutors are required to always independence from the interference of any party including the executive. However it apparently that the attorney general will find it difficult to be free from executive intervention because is structurally. The attorney general is executive power. The attorney general however as the leader of the prosecutor institution must structurally submit to has attributor the President. The independence of the prosecutor needed in order to enforce the law in on honest, fair, independent, responsible, professional and transparant manner that up holds the principles of fair trial and equality before the law. This is should be done because the attorney general is a determinant factor in criminal law enforcement as a bar for prosecution of criminal cases to court. In law enforcement practice so far can be publically know that the prosecutors office in carrying out its duties and responsible still not free from the authors. Now is the time for the idea of a constructive to build an independent and independent prosecutors image in a real sense by rising the general theme of “the independence of the prosecutor office in the criminal justice system in Indonesia”. ABSTRAKSecara internal terdapat adanya faktor kecenderungan setiap orang untuk melakukan kejahatan, sehingga dibutuhkan institusi yang dapat mengatur kehidupan masyarakat agar hak-hak setiap manusia dapat terlindungi. Atas dasar inilah John Locke mengemukakan teori yang dikenal sebagai social contract theory (teori kontrak sosial). Menurut teori ini, Negara dibangun atas dasar kontrak sosial antara pemerintah sebagai pemegang kekuasaan dengan rakyat sebagai pemegang kedaulatan. Pemerintah diberikan kekuasaan untuk menyelenggarakan ketertiban dan menciptakan suasanadimana rakyat dapat menikmati hak-hak alamnya (natural right) dengan aman. Di lain pihak rakyat akan mematuhi pemerintah apabila hak-hak tersebut terjamin. Tugas untuk melindungi hak-hak manusia dalam masyarakat pada tataran kepentingan publik adalah menjadi kewajiban dan tanggung jawab negara. Tugas tersebut oleh negara selanjutnya diserahkan kepada aparat penegak hukum sebagai suatu komponen dalam sistem peradilan pidana yang terdiri dari instansi kepolisian, kejaksaan, pengadilan dan lembaga pemasyarakatan yang secara populis dikenal dengan sebutan criminal justice system. Sebagai komponen dari sistem peradilan pidana, kejaksaan dituntut untuk selalu menjaga independensinya dari campur tangan pihak manapun termasuk eksekutif. Namun nampaknya kejaksaan akan sulit untuk terbebas dari campur tangan eksekutif karena secara struktural, kejaksaan berada di bawah kekuasaan eksekutif. Bagaimanapun juga, Jaksa Agung sebagai pemimpin lembaga kejaksaan secara struktural harus tunduk kepada atasannya, yaitu Presiden sebagai pemegang tertinggi kekuasaan eksekutif. Independensi kejaksaan dibutuhkan agar dalam penegakan hukum dilakukan secarajujur, adil, mandiri, bertanggungjawab, profesional dan transparan yang menjunjung tinggi prinsip-prinsip fair trial dan equality before the law. Hal ini harus dilakukan karena kejaksaan merupakan faktor determinan dalam penegakan hukum pidana sebagai palang pintu bagi penuntutan perkara pidana ke pengadilan. Dalam praktek penegakan hukum selama ini secara kasat mata dapat diketahui publik bahwa kejaksaan dalam mengemban tugas dan tanggungjawabnya masih belum bebas dari intervensi kekuasaan eksekutif, karena esensinya kejaksaan adalah perpanjangan tangan dari Presiden selaku kepala kekuasaan eksekutif negara. Menurut penulis, saatini sudah saatnya untuk digagas pemikiran yang konstruktif untuk membangun citra kejaksaan yang mandiri dan independen dalam arti nyata dengan mengangkat tema sentral “independensi kejaksaan dalam sistem peradilan pidana di Indonesia”.

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Prosecutorial independence, discretion and strategy in the Commonwealth of the Bahamas

Revista Acadêmica Escola Superior do Ministério Público do Ceará ◽

10.54275/raesmpce.v11i2.98 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 227-250

Author(s):

David Baxter Bakibinga

Keyword(s):

Criminal Justice ◽

Criminal Justice System ◽

Justice System ◽

Common Law ◽

Attorney General ◽

The State ◽

The Bahamas ◽

National Constitution

The concepts of prosecutorial independence, discretion and strategy are considered the cornerstones of an effective and efficient criminal justice system under common law. To this end the state of the Commonwealth of the Bahamas amended its national constitution and established an independent office of the Director of Public Prosecutions (ODPP). The ODPP must have appropriate policy-legal and organizational frameworks to enable it enhance its independence from the office of the Attorney General (AG). This paper explores how the constitutional framework promotes the independence of the ODPP Bahamas and any claw backs. A comparison is made with other independent ODPPs such as Uganda. The last part of the paper examines strategies adopted by ODPP Bahamas that are meant to enhance prosecutorial independence and discretion.

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PRIMUM REMEDIUM ACTION SANCTIONS AGAINST CHILDREN IN CONFLICT WITH THE LAW

Cepalo ◽

10.25041/cepalo.v5no2.2362 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 107-120

Author(s):

Mashuril Anwar

Keyword(s):

Criminal Justice ◽

Law Enforcement ◽

Criminal Justice System ◽

Justice System ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Best Interests ◽

Correctional Institutions ◽

State Budget ◽

Criminal Sanctions ◽

The Law

Criminal sanctions are more popular than action sanctions at the application level. Action sanctions formulation is regulated in Articles 82 and 83 of the Juvenile Criminal Justice System Law, while criminal sanctions are the last resort. However, criminal sanctions are still the "prima donna" in law enforcement practices against children in conflict. This condition raises various problems such as the overcapacity of correctional institutions, burdens the state budget, and creates a stigma against children in conflict with the law. Because the purpose of implementing the juvenile criminal justice system is in the child's best interests, action sanctions should be prioritised, even though criminal sanctions are needed in law enforcement against children in conflict with the law. Therefore, an idea emerged to restore criminal sanctions as ultimum remedium and strengthen action sanctions as primum remedium. The problem discussed in this study is how to implement primum remedium action sanctions against children in conflict with the law? And how to strengthen primum remedium action sanctions against children in conflict with the law? This study uses a normative juridical, an empirical juridical, and a comparative methods. The data in this article are sourced from primary and secondary data processed through description, prescription, and system. The results indicate that criminal sanctions still dominate judges' decisions in children in conflict with the law, and action sanctions are complementary sanctions because it is rarely applied.

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3. What is ‘justice’?

10.1093/he/9780198835837.003.0003 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 55-93

Author(s):

Steve Case ◽

Phil Johnson ◽

David Manlow ◽

Roger Smith ◽

Kate Williams

Keyword(s):

Criminal Justice ◽

Criminal Justice System ◽

Criminal Law ◽

Justice System ◽

Social Issues ◽

The State ◽

Government Institutions ◽

Absolute Sense ◽

The Law

This chapter examines justice in an absolute sense, and also justice in the context of the criminal justice system. The criminal justice system is the set of rules and practices under which government institutions and agencies act in order to prevent or control crime, to deal with those who break the law, and to support victims. ‘Justice’ in the context of ‘criminal justice’ refers to the extent to which the system aims to prevent or reduce offending; ensures that those who are accused, convicted, and sentenced are treated fairly (justly); and works to support victims and communities. Justice should be guaranteed by the law, especially the criminal law, in any state and should be clearly present in all decisions about crime and social issues made by those working for the state. As such, justice is core to almost every aspect of the criminal justice system. The chapter also considers broad definitions of justice; frameworks called criminal justice models on which understandings of justice in the criminal justice system can be anchored; philosophical ideas about the concept of justice; and the main systems used to bring about criminal justice.

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Should the laws on involuntary manslaughter in England and Wales be reformed?

The Student Journal of Professional Practice and Academic Research ◽

10.19164/sjppar.v1i1.799 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 65-73

Author(s):

Lucy Todd ◽

Kenar Usman ◽

Faye Tyler ◽

Lily Toffolo ◽

Andrew Temple

Keyword(s):

Criminal Justice ◽

Criminal Justice System ◽

Justice System ◽

England And Wales ◽

The People ◽

The Law

The laws surrounding involuntary manslaughter construct a confused picture of accountability to possible defendants, with many areas to the spectrum of involuntary manslaughter being created within the law, different branches begin to face varying critiques. With issues ranging from high thresholds resulting in low successful prosecution rates, to lack of definitions within the law depriving the people of certainty and predictability. However, current laws offer unique benefits for the purpose of these crimes, moreover, the criminal justice system may even become damaged through unnecessary reforms.

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Pendekatan dalam Penanganan Sengketa Pilkada Menunjang Kinerja Kepolisian dalam Pelaksanaan Tugas Sebagai Pelindung, Pengayom dan Pelayan Masyarakat

10.31219/osf.io/buw3p ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

husain kasim

Keyword(s):

Criminal Justice ◽

Law Enforcement ◽

Criminal Justice System ◽

Restorative Justice ◽

Police Officers ◽

Justice System ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Mass Violence ◽

Basic Law ◽

The Law

This study aims to: 1) knowing the basic law enforcement restorative justice approach in handling criminal acts riots, 2) to know how to implement a restorative justice approach and the factors that influenceThe experiment was conducted at the Police Resort Ternate, North Maluku province, with a population of security officers who work directly handling and protection against acts of mass violence with less sampling as many as 50 people through random sampling techniques. Data were collected by questionnaire and interview techniques. Data analysis was performed using qualitative descriptive analysis and interpretation.The results showed that: 1) The perpetrator of criminal acts of rioting should be avoided from the formal criminal justice system. The best solution that must be done is through the act of diversion (transfer) the completion of its case outside the criminal justice system, but there is no definite legal basis for implementing diversion measures in addition to referring to the Law 2 of 2002, which only specifies that police officers have the authority of police discretion. 2) Treatment of the criminal action in a dispute over the election unrest in North Maluku, which was held on Sat. Criminal Police Ternate is through mediation. This means that the principle of restorative justice has been implemented on Sat. Criminal Police Ternate, however, efforts to address criminal acts there are influences from the substance of the law, law enforcement officers, legal culture of society and their own community.

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Akses Keadilan Sebagai Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Perempuan Berhadapan Dengan Hukum Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana

Hukum dan Masyarakat Madani ◽

10.26623/humani.v9i1.1445 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 72

Author(s):

Ani Triwati

Keyword(s):

Criminal Justice ◽

Criminal Justice System ◽

Justice System ◽

The State ◽

Access To Justice ◽

Political Rights ◽

Civil And Political Rights ◽

The Law ◽

The Republic ◽

The Right

<div>Negara mengakomodir hak setiap orang termasuk hak perempuan berhadapan dengan hukum dalam Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. Perempuan berhadapan dengan hukum mempunyai hak untuk memperoleh akses keadilan. Sebagai negara yang telah meratifikasi Kovenan Internasional tentang Hak-Hak Sipil dan Politik dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2005 tentang Pengesahan International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Indonesia berpedoman pada Konvensi tersebut dalam mewujudkan persamaan semua orang di hadapan hukum dan peraturan perundang-undangan, larangan diskriminasi serta menjamin perlindungan yang setara dari diskriminasi, termasuk jenis kelamin atau gender. Selanjutnya, Indonesia sebagai pihak dalam Konvensi Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi Terhadap Perempuan (Convention on the Elimination All of Forms Discrimination Against Women/ CEDAW) mengakui kewajiban negara untuk memastikan bahwa perempuan mempunyai akses keadilan dan bebas dari diskriminasi dalam sistem peradilan (pidana). Dalam upaya memberikan akses keadilan, negara menjabarkan jaminan hak perempuan berhadapan dengan hukum dalam peraturan perundang-undangan. Sistem peradilan pidana merupakan salah satu upaya dalam memberikan akses keadilan sebagai perlindungan bagi perempuan berhadapan dengan hukum melalui perlindungan terhadap hak-hak perempuan selama pemeriksaan dalam setiap tahap peradilan. The rights of every person including rights of women encounter the law are accommodated by the state based on the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia of 1945. Women’s in law having the right in terms of accessing justice. As a nation that ratify the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights with Law Number 12 of 2005 regarding the legitimation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Indonesia refers to the convention in realizing the equality of all people before laws and regulations, prohibition of discrimination and guarantee the equal protection from any form of discrimination, including gender. Furthermore, Indonesia as a part in the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) admit the obligation of the state to ensure that women are capable accessing justice and exempt from discrimination in the criminal justice system. In an effort to provide access to justice, the state elucidates the guarantee of the rights of women’s in the laws within the law regulations. Therefore, The criminal justice system is the one of an effort providing access to justice as well as the protection for women’s in law through the protection of women's rights during investigation at every stage of justice.</div>

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FUNGSI YUDISIAL UNTUK MENJAGA KEMANDIRIAN HAKIM DALAM SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA

to-ra ◽

10.33541/tora.v1i1.1094 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 49

Author(s):

Kraisus Sitanggang

Keyword(s):

Criminal Justice ◽

Law Enforcement ◽

Criminal Justice System ◽

Justice System ◽

Political Influence ◽

Judicial Power ◽

State Law ◽

The Law

Indonesia is a state law that has been declared in the constitution, as a country that upholds the law, will be established justice agencies to resolve those cases that occur in the community, one of them is the court, the court is part of the criminal justice system, where the court is the place to examine the case, which the judge who became breaker guilty or not a person, as law enforcement, judges should be is independent in deciding a case, where the decision was not impartial and free from political influence and power, and free from bribes though, that the independence of judges independent and impartial influence, it needs to be maintained and protected, the reality in the Indonesian constitution in the constitution in 1945 through an amendment, it has been maintained and is watching her body established the Commission on judicial and law on judicial power, its purpose is enable the independence and freedom of judges in deciding a case, in order to obtain a legal justice, which is guaranteeing protection of the rights of justice seekers and that is where it is said that Indonesia is a country of law.

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Memahami Konsep Restorative Justice sebagai Upaya Sistem Peradilan Pidana Menggapai Keadilan

Pandecta Research Law Journal ◽

10.15294/pandecta.v15i1.24689 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 121-141

Author(s):

Dewi Setyowati

Keyword(s):

Criminal Justice ◽

Criminal Justice System ◽

Restorative Justice ◽

Justice System ◽

Relational Theory ◽

Legal Study ◽

Theory Of Justice ◽

The People ◽

The Law

Memahami kembali konsep restorative justice atau keadilan restoratif sebagai upaya sistem peradilan pidana dalam menggapai keadilan adalah penting. Hal ini disebabkan sistem peradilan pidana konvensional sebagian besar berfokus pada penerapan hukum, menilai kesalahan dan memberikan hukuman. Sebaliknya, keadilan restoratif adalah pendekatan terhadap kejahatan yang berfokus pada upaya untuk memperbaiki kerusakan yang terjadi dengan melibatkan mereka yang telah terkena dampak. Memahami kejahatan tidak hanya sebagai pelanggaran hukum yang membutuhkan kecaman publik, tetapi juga sebagai cedera pada orang-orang yang terlibat dan hubungan yang membutuhkan penyembuhan. Mereka jangan dibiarkan dengan berbagai kebutuhan fisik, emosional, psikologis, spiritual dan material nya, dan apa yang disebut 'kebutuhan keadilan' ini harus diatasi jika mereka ingin merasa bahwa keadilan telah diupayakan.. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami kembali konsep restorative justice atau keadilan restoratif sebagai upaya sistem peradilan pidana dalam menggapai keadilan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum dengan menggunakan pendekatan konseptual, sejarah serta peraturan perundang-undangan. Dari penelitian ini dapat diketahui bahwa keadilan restoratifyang mengacu pada cara menanggapi kejahatan, atau jenis kesalahan lainnya, ketidakadilan atau konflik, yang berfokus terutama pada perbaikan kerusakan yang disebabkan oleh tindakan yang salah dan memulihkan sejauh mungkin, kesejahteraan semua pihak yang terlibat. Ini mencerminkan teori keadilan yang lebih relasional karena menekankan pemulihan rasa hormat, kesetaraan, dan martabat terhadap hubungan yang dipengaruhi oleh kesalahan.Understanding the concept of restorative justice as an effort of the criminal justice system in achieving justice is important. This is due to the fact that the conventional criminal justice system focuses mostly on the application of the law, evaluating errors and providing penalties. In contrast, restorative justice is an approach to crime that focuses on efforts to repair the damage done by involving those who have been affected. Understanding crime is not only a violation of the law that requires public condemnation, but also as an injury to the people involved and relationships that need healing. They should not be left with various physical, emotional, psychological, spiritual and material needs, and so-called 'justice needs' must be addressed if they want to feel that justice has been pursued. This research aims to re-understand the concept of restorative justice or restorative justice as an effort of the criminal justice system in achieving justice. This research is a legal study using a conceptual, historical and statutory approach. From this research it can be seen that restorative justice refers to how to respond to crime, or other types of mistakes, injustices or conflicts, which focus primarily on repairing the damage caused by wrong actions and restoring as far as possible, the welfare of all parties involved. This reflects a more relational theory of justice because it emphasizes restoring respect, equality, and dignity for relationships that are affected by mistakes.

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EFEKTIVITAS PENEGAKAN HUKUM TINDAK PIDANA PERKOSAAN DARI PUTUSAN HAKIM DIHUBUNGKAN DENGAN UNDANG - UNDANG NO 13 TAHUN 2006 TENTANG PERLINDUNGAN SAKSI DAN KORBAN

Justisi Jurnal Ilmu Hukum ◽

10.36805/jjih.v1i1.78 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Eigen Justisi

Keyword(s):

Criminal Justice ◽

Law Enforcement ◽

Sexual Violence ◽

Criminal Justice System ◽

Justice System ◽

Sociology Of Law ◽

Women And Children ◽

Criminal Penalties ◽

The Law

ABSTRAK Masalah kekerasan seksual di Indonesia, khususnya terhadap wanita dan anak perlu mendapat perhatian lebih intensif dan serius lagi. Hal ini mengingat terdapat kecenderungan bahwa korban wanita dan anak sering terabaikan oleh lembagalembaga kompeten dalam system peradilan pidana, yang seharusnya memberikan perhatian dan perlindungan yang cukup berdasarkan hukum. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan metode pendekatan sosiologi hukum yaitu pendekatan yang menganalisis tentang bagaimana reaksi dan interaksi yang terjadi ketika sistem norma itu bekerja di dalam masyarakat yang berkaitan dengan efektivitas penegakan hukum tindak pidana perkosaan dari putusan hakim dihubungkan dengan Undang-Undang No 13 Tahun 2006 tentang perlindungan saksi dan korban. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan, bahwa pemberian hukuman pidana hanya dibatasi dengan maksimal berdasarkan ketentuan undang-undang. Oleh karena tidak adanya batas minimal, maka dalam praktiknya pemberian hukuman dalam kasus perkosaan sangat jauh dari harapan korban. Tak jarang hakim hanya memberikan hukuman misalnya, 5 tahun/ 8 tahun penjara. Kata kunci: efektivitas, perkosaan, korban, hakim The problem of sexual violence in Indonesia, especially against women and children need more intensive attention and serious again. This is because there is a tendency that the victims women and children are often neglected by the competent institutions in the criminal justice system, which should provide sufficient attention and protection under the law. In this study, researchers used a method of approach to the sociology of law that is the approach that analyzes of how the reactions and interactions that occur when a system of norms at work in the community with regard to the effectiveness of law enforcement of the criminal act of rape of a verdict is connected by Act No. 13 of 2006 concerning protection of witnesses and victims. Based on the research conducted, that the provision of criminal penalties is limited to the maximum under the terms of the law. Hence the absence of a minimum limit, then in practice the provision of punishment in cases of rape is very far from the expectations of victims. Not infrequently judges only impose penalties, for example, 5 years / 8 years in prison. Keywords: effectiveness, rape, vicims, judges.

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Influence of the Soviet legal doctrine on the activity of the justice bodies of the Ukrainian SSR during the 20s- 30s of the XX century

Alʹmanah prava ◽

10.33663/2524-017x-2020-11-46 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 270-274

Author(s):

Shevchenko Y. V.

Keyword(s):

Criminal Justice ◽

Law Enforcement ◽

Criminal Justice System ◽

Justice System ◽

The State ◽

Soviet System ◽

Legal Doctrine ◽

Totalitarian Regime ◽

Wide Range ◽

State Coercion

The article examines the influence of the Soviet legal doctrine in the activities of the justice bodies of the Ukrainian SSR in the 20s-early 30s of the XX century. It is proved that there were noticeable changes in Marxist views on law, as well as in the entire system of Bolshevik ideology at the turn of the 1920s-1930s. It was at this time that the formation of a new state version of the Bolshevik ideology began, which naturally affected the development of law. It is revealed that during the period of the 20s – early 30s of the XX century, Ukrainian SSR judicial bodies implemented a wide range of tasks. It is established that in addition to fighting criminal and other offences, since the end of the 1920s, they were increasingly faced with punitive and repressive functions. The main attention was paid to protecting the interests of the party-state Bolshevik power. It is proved that the organs of justice gradually turned into an appendage of the party-nomenclature apparatus, whose function was to implement the political will, programs and installations of the Bolshevik party, which fully corresponded to the Soviet legal doctrine, which was formed in the 20s. It is proved that the criminal justice system in the period of the 20s-30s was formed under the influence of the growing role of this party in the state and public life of the country. The ideological basis for the formation of the criminal justice system was Marxism-Leninism, in particular, the doctrine of the dictatorship of the proletariat, which was understood as power over the law. It was found that the main tasks of law enforcement agencies in fighting crime and protecting public order were ignored, or they were given minimal attention. It is proved that, after receiving quite significant powers, law enforcement officers, however, were not themselves protected from the policy of terror, and at any moment each of them could become a victim of repression. It is revealed that the justice bodies of the Ukrainian SSR, as part of the General punitive and repressive mechanism of the existing state system, performed functions that were aimed at approving the totalitarian regime. The thesis that the Soviet system of power at the stage of transition from authoritarianism to totalitarianism increasingly used non-legal methods of management is well-reasoned. The right was of a purely nominal nature, quite often it is a substitute ideology. It is concluded that in this way the state was formed with a blatantly anti-legal essence. It is proved that state coercion largely replaced law and morality in the Soviet system. It is revealed that this trend, in general, determined the nature of the functioning of justice departments of the Ukrainian SSR during the period of the 20s – early 30s of the XX century, when the punitive and repressive mechanism ignored not only morality, but also a law. Keywords: the Soviet legal doctrine, the Soviet system of power, the justice bodies of the Ukrainian SSR, State coercion, punitive and repressive mechanism.

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