scholarly journals Air Quality Toxicity Index (AQTI): Quantifying Air Pollution Impact on Disease Onset

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold I Zeliger
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Toxicity Index ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
The World ◽  
Air Pollution Impacts ◽  
Pollution Impacts

Air pollution impacts 90% of the world's population and is the number one cause of premature deaths worldwide, etiamted at 8-10 million pre year. Breathing polluted air is associated with the accelerated onset of numerous illnesses, including respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, several cancers and Alzheimer's disease. Fice major pollutants are typically monitored in cities around the world for air quality. These include ozone, particulate matter, dulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide. The Air Quality Toxicity Index (AQTI), that is first reported here, provides a quantitative indicator with which to monitor air quality, make air quality comparisons of different locations and compare air quality of the same locations as a function of time.

scholarly journals Highlighting the compound risk of COVID-19 and environmental pollutants using geospatial technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Kumar Singh ◽  
Martin Drews ◽  
Manuel De la Sen ◽  
Prashant Kumar Srivastava ◽  
Bambang H. Trisasongko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Geospatial Technology ◽  
The World ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
Global Threat

AbstractThe new COVID-19 coronavirus disease has emerged as a global threat and not just to human health but also the global economy. Due to the pandemic, most countries affected have therefore imposed periods of full or partial lockdowns to restrict community transmission. This has had the welcome but unexpected side effect that existing levels of atmospheric pollutants, particularly in cities, have temporarily declined. As found by several authors, air quality can inherently exacerbate the risks linked to respiratory diseases, including COVID-19. In this study, we explore patterns of air pollution for ten of the most affected countries in the world, in the context of the 2020 development of the COVID-19 pandemic. We find that the concentrations of some of the principal atmospheric pollutants were temporarily reduced during the extensive lockdowns in the spring. Secondly, we show that the seasonality of the atmospheric pollutants is not significantly affected by these temporary changes, indicating that observed variations in COVID-19 conditions are likely to be linked to air quality. On this background, we confirm that air pollution may be a good predictor for the local and national severity of COVID-19 infections.

scholarly journals A Forecasting tool for Air Quality Monitoring Built up on Cloud and IoT

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 3821-3832 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Air Quality Monitoring ◽  
Wireless Sensor Node ◽  
Web Interface ◽  
Registered User ◽  
The World ◽  
Advance Information

Air pollution has turned to no less than a monster and is becoming notorious with every passing day. The human race has been solely responsible for taking the world to such a state. With ill effects of pollution becoming glaringly evident it has been instrumental in forcing the world to get up from the deep slumber and act out. Air quality monitoring is a process in which the quality of air is monitored and on the basis of recorded information, it is conveyed to general public about the quality of air they are breathing. Air pollution poses serious problems to persons suffering respiratory disorders and there is a necessity to provide such target group with a tool which helps them to be aware about the pollution scenario and also alarms them with the impending critical situation well in advance. It is elementary for them to avoid situations where in lies a chance of exposure to pollutants leading to attacks which could prove to be fatal at times. This advance information will go a long way in helping such target audience to minimize their exposure to pollutants and thereby helping them to mitigate their ordeal on exposure to pollutants. Apart from getting predictive alarm, it gives a fair idea of the existing pollution scenario to the targeted stakeholders. This work discusses the implementation of cloud based IoT system for air quality monitoring which is available as a web interface as well as in a form of an android application.The developed system uses Nitrogen Dioxide, Sulphur dioxide, Particulate Matter 10 micrometers or less in diameter (P.M.10) sensors along with the temperature and the humidity sensors to form a wireless sensor node. An android application has also been developed which can be installed by the user. Once registered the user can access the data from the application which allows the users to observe the data of sensors along with the air quality index (AQI) and also provide the registered user with an alarm notification one day in advance about the probable level of pollutants as well as the AQI.a

scholarly journals Air Quality Index: Case of One-Day Monitoring of 253 Urban and Suburban Towns in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Francis Abulude ◽  
Ifeoluwa Abulude ◽  
Samuel Oluwagbayide ◽  
Segun Afolayan ◽  
Deborah Ishaku
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Air Quality Index ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Border Town ◽  
Air Pollution Impacts ◽  
Pollution Impacts

Government departments use the air quality index (AQI) to inform the public about how unhealthy the air is now or may become in the future. As the AQI increases, so do health threats. In addition to reporting daily air quality, it is also a measure of how air pollution impacts one’s health over a limited period of time. The AQI was created to assist people in understanding how local air quality affects their health. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the air quality of one day of 253 towns in Nigeria, thereby determining the health threat in these towns. The data were collected from the Tutiempo Network’s regular dataset by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Data on all of the major pollutants (O3, PM2.5, PM10, CO, NO, SO2) were collected and statistical analysis was performed. Kura (Kano State), a town in northern Nigeria, recorded the highest level of 184, while Idiroko, a border town (Nigeria–Benin Republic) in Ogun State, had the lowest value of 41. Kura was portrayed as unhealthy, while Idiroko was portrayed as healthy, implying that Idiroko air poses little to no danger, while Kura air showed that certain people of the general public, as well as members of sensitive groups, could encounter more severe health effects.

scholarly journals Air Pollution Impacts During 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic: Emphasis on Urban, Suburban and Rural Zones

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klara Slezakova ◽  
Maria Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Quality Improvements ◽  
Rural And Remote ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Ozone Concentrations ◽  
Air Pollution Impacts ◽  
Populated Region ◽  
Pollution Impacts

Abstract Air quality improvements pollution changes due to COVID-19 restrictions have been reported for many urban developments and large metropolitan areas, but the respective impacts at rural and remote zones are less frequently analysed. This study evaluated air pollution changes across all Portugal (68 stations) considering all urban, suburban and rural zones. PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2, ozone was analysed in pre-, during, and post-lockdown period (January-May 2020) and for a comparison also in 2019. NO2 was the most reduced pollutant in 2020, which coincided with decreased traffic. Significant drop (15– 240%) of traffic related NO2 was observed specifically during lockdown period, being 55% for the largest and most populated region in country. PM was affected to a lesser degree (with substantial differences found for largely populated areas (Lisbon region 30–40%; North region: up to 95%); during lockdown traffic-related PM dropped 10–70%. PM10 daily limit was exceeded 50% less in 2020, with 80% of exceedances before lockdown period. SO2 decreased by 35%, due to suspended industrial productions, whereas ozone concentrations slightly (though not significantly) increased (83 vs. 80 µg m− 3).

scholarly journals Covid-19 Lockdown and Changes of Air Quality in the Most Polluted City of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 707-714
Author(s):  
M. N. Ferdous ◽  
M. A. Islam ◽  
P. Chakrabortty ◽  
S. Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Not Given ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mean

Air pollution is now a serious issue all over the world. Especially, people of developing countries are seriously affected by air pollution because, like other pollution, air pollution is not given importance. Due to the covid-19 lockdown, pollution is reduced, and as expected, the air quality of Dhaka city has improved. Daily AQI data was collected for the months of April, May and June (2020) and compared with the last six years of data for these months respectively. It was found that the mean AQI of Dhaka city in April, May, and June lower than the last six years in the same period. The mean AQI decreased 43.52 %, 22.37 %, 9,82 %, 16.38 %, 41.43 %, 34.16 % in April when compared with April 2014-2019 respectively and the mean AQI decreased 33.69 %, 37.97 %, 39.25 %, 36.81 %, 45.59 %, 44.15 % in May when compared with May 2014-2019 respectively. The mean AQI decreased 26.48 %, 11.40 %, 8.28 %, 30.61 %, 36.37 % and increase 3.07 % in June (2020) when it compared with June 2014-2019 respectively. This study includes the statistical examination of air quality before and at the time of covid-19 lockdown in Dhaka city.

scholarly journals Air Quality During COVID-19: Analysis of Particulate Matter for a Coastal Urban Station Visakhapatnam(India)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1925-1935
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
World Population ◽  
Urban Station ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10

The last day of the year 2019 (December 31st), a new infection, coronavirus, was reported from Wuhan (China) to WHO. Subsequently, it was named COVID-19 disease and being declared pandemic on the 11thof March 2020. It was one of the ever faced challenges, and 40 to 60 percent of the world population was estimated to be affected by this virus. This led to severe crises in all countries in terms of economic, social, and environment, emphasizing health. To avoid transmission of this virus worldwide, the lockdown was implemented. This lockdown started on 23rd January 2020 in some parts of the world that impacted the environment and air quality of various cities, depending on their socio-economic conditions. As per the ESA (European Space Agency) and NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration), Wuhan experienced a 30% reduction in air pollution. It is a known fact that air pollution has a major impact on human health; the effect of lockdown in various cities and its impact on air pollution prompt us to review some of the recent results published in a nutshell. This paper presented some of the results related to air pollution before and after the announcement of lockdown in various cities around the globe, including Visakhapatnam (India) a polluted coastal urban station with more emphasis on PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations along with air pollutants like NO2, SO2, NO, CO and Relative Humidity.

scholarly journals Air Quality during Covid-19 Lockdown

Encyclopedia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-526
Author(s):  
Gabriele Donzelli ◽  
Lorenzo Cioni ◽  
Mariagrazia Cancellieri ◽  
Agustin Llopis-Morales ◽  
María Morales-Suárez-Varela
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
The World ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
The Impact

Air pollution exposure is one of the greatest risks to health worldwide. It is estimated to be responsible for about 4.2 million deaths around the world every year owing to many serious diseases such as heart disease, stroke, acute and chronic respiratory diseases, and lung cancer. The WHO guideline limits are exceeded in several areas around the world, and it is estimated that about 90% of the world’s population is exposed to high air pollution levels, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The COVID-19 pandemic has forced governments to implement severe mobility restriction measures to limit the spread of the virus. This represented a unique opportunity to study the impact of mobility on urban air quality. Several studies which have investigated the relations between the quality of the air and such containment measures have shown the significant reduction of the main pollutants in the urban environment so to encourage the adoption of new approaches for the improvement of the quality of air in the cities. The aims of this entry are both a brief analysis and a discussion of the results presented in several papers to understand the relationships between COVID-19 containment measures and air quality in urban areas.

VALORIZATION OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT OF SOUTH SERBIA FROM THE AIR QUALITY ASPECT

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1329-1333
Author(s):  
Miodrag Šmelcerović
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
Sources Of Pollution

The protection of the environment and people’s health from negative influences of the pollution of air as a medium of the environment requires constant observing of the air quality in accordance with international standards, the analysis of emission and imission of polluting matters in the air, and their connection with the sources of pollution. Having in mind the series of laws and delegated legislations which define the field of air pollution, it is necessary to closely observe these long-term processes, discovering cause-and-effect relationships between the activities of anthropogenic sources of emission of polluting matters and the level of air degradation. The relevant evaluation of the air quality of a certain area can be conducted if the level of concentration of polluting matters characteristic for the pollution sources of this area is observed in a longer period of time. The data obtained by the observation of the air pollution are the basis for creation of the recovery program of a certain area. Vranje is a town in South Serbia where there is a bigger number of anthropogenic pollution sources that can significantly diminish the air quality. The cause-and-effect relationship of the anthropogenic sources of pollution is conducted related to the analysis of systematized data which are in the relevant data base of the authorized institution The Institute of Public Health Vranje, for the time period between the year of 2012. and 2017. By the analysis of data of imission concentrations of typical polluting matters, the dominant polluting matters were determined on the territory of the town of Vranje, the ones that are the causers of the biggest air pollution and the risk for people’s health. Analysis of the concentration of soot, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides indicates their presence in the air of Vranje town area in concentrations that do not exceed the permitted limit values annually. The greatest pollution is caused by the soot content in the air, especially in the winter period when the highest number of days with the values above the limit was registered. By perceiving the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors, it is clear that the concentration of polluting matters can be decreased only by establishing control over anthropogenic sources of pollution, and thus it can be contributed to the improvement of the air quality of this urban environment.

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