Synthesis of a linear static function for grain moisture meter with capacitive sensors

Moisture content is a grain quality factor, a parameter which changes during the processes of storage and processing and determines consumer properties of different food products. OIML organization in its international recommendation OIML R59 “Moisture Meters for Cereal Grain and Oilseeds” restricts maximal permissible value of moisture meters uncertainty to not more than 3% of relative full scale error. Main task of the research is in receiving linear static function for the grain moisture meter with four capacitive sensors. Method of Least Squares and general linear regression instruments had been used for that purpose. Analyzing the graphs of modified static function for different moist substances it was possible to say that it happened to be far more effective than initial static function and the static function received from a first-order polynomial after the LS method implementation. Root mean estimator was calculated for initial static function, the static function received with the LS method and static function, received after general linear regression implementation as an integral difference between nominal and calculated values of moisture content. Corresponding root mean estimator values were 1.3062%, 1.1616% and 0.4158%, that proves the effectiveness of a static function modified with the general linear regression instruments. Keywords: moisture content measurement; capacitive moisture meter; reference channel; capacitive sensor; linear static function

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Effects of Non-uniform Kernel Moisture Content on Moisture Measurement of Corn

Progress in Agricultural Engineering Sciences ◽

10.1556/progress.1.2005.1.5 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 77-93

Author(s):

Bíborka Gillay ◽

David B. Funk

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Moisture Measurement ◽

Safe Storage ◽

Grain Moisture ◽

Moisture Meter ◽

Percent Moisture ◽

New Crop ◽

The U.S

The price paid for corn is usually based on 15.0 or 15.5 percent moisture content. However, corn must be dried below 13 percent moisture to ensure safe storage for a year or more. In the U.S., such stored corn cannot be directly remoistened before selling it, but it can be mixed with moist new-crop corn. Accurate moisture measurement of mixtures of dry and moist corn is important to permit adjustment of blending ratios to maximize profitability, but grain moisture meters are less accurate for mixtures of wet and dry grain. This research evaluated the differences between dielectric-type moisture meter results for mixed and equilibrated corn samples at different moisture levels and different measurement frequencies. Equilibrated grain samples tended to give lower moisture results than recently mixed grain samples - especially in the 1 to 10 MHz region. These differences permitted detection of mixtures by using moisture measurements at two frequencies.

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Study on microwave moisture measurement of grain crops

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/939/1/012091 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 939 (1) ◽

pp. 012091

Author(s):

P I Kalandarov ◽

Z Mukimov ◽

Kh Abdullaev ◽

N Avezov ◽

O Tursunov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Measurement Error ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Continuous Production ◽

Electrical Signal ◽

Microwave Method ◽

Grain Processing ◽

Grain Moisture ◽

Moisture Meter ◽

Cotton Seeds

Abstract This article discusses the possibility of implementing the microwave method for controlling the moisture content of agro-industrial products, which allows it to be used to control technological processes in grain processing industries and to control materials in free space, converting the parameters of waves passed through the material’s wave into an electrical signal. A functional diagram of the developed moisture meter is proposed, on the basis of the method, its electrodynamics’ characteristics are determined. Experimental data was obtained for samples of cotton seeds with specified moisture values. A method for measuring grain moisture in continuous production have been proposed, which gives a possibility to reduce the components of the measurement error caused by the uneven distribution of moisture in the grain, the inhomogeneity of the material in terms of density and temperature.

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Evaluation of moisture content in drying of grated coconut meat using grain moisture meter

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/403/1/012012 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 403 ◽

pp. 012012

Author(s):

E Sulistiawati ◽

I Santosa ◽

A Aktawan

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Grain Moisture ◽

Moisture Meter ◽

Coconut Meat

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Test the quality of moisture content of corn seeds using a web-based capacitive method

Jurnal Jartel Jurnal Jaringan Telekomunikasi ◽

10.33795/jartel.v7i2.211 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 48-53

Author(s):

Ezhar Savero

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Capacitive Sensor ◽

Quality Standard ◽

Web Based ◽

Storage Container ◽

Grain Moisture ◽

Accuracy Ratio ◽

The Difference

In an effort to control the quality of corn, among others, it is determined based on the moisture content in the corn seeds so that the corn produced has a seed quality standard. The purpose of this thesis is to determine the water level of the seeds. Corn was tested by a tool made with standardization of the moisture content of corn seeds from the Agricultural Center using the PM-650 Grain Moisture Tester. The parameters tested were the moisture content of the corn seeds, the temperature of the storage containers, and the weight of the corn seeds. Based on the research that has been done, it can be seen that a capacitive sensor with a working principle such as a parallel plate capacitor as a tool for measuring the moisture content of corn seeds has a reading accuracy ratio with the PM-650 Grain Moisture Tester measuring instrument is 94.9%. The temperature in the storage container was around 23 <temperature <27 to maintain the quality of the corn seeds. Data from the test results are sent via the ESP8266 module and displayed on the web. Based on the results of the planning and implementation that has been done, the capacitive sensor can work well as a measuring tool for the moisture content of corn seeds. Meanwhile, the difference in results in planning and measurement is caused by the losses that exist in the components used.

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Development of an Eighth-scale Grain Drying System with Real-time Microwave Monitoring of Moisture Content

Applied Engineering in Agriculture ◽

10.13031/aea.13130 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 767-774

Author(s):

Micah A. Lewis ◽

Samir Trabelsi ◽

Stuart O. Nelson

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Real Time ◽

Real Time Monitoring ◽

Seed Moisture Content ◽

Moisture Sensor ◽

Grain Moisture ◽

Cereal Grain ◽

Grain Drying ◽

Drying System

Abstract. After being harvested, cereal grain and oilseed are stored and dried in large cylindrical storage bins. Drying is necessary to prevent spoilage and degradation; however, because of the significant depth of material in the drying bin, a common problem in grain and oilseed drying is overdrying the bottom layer while trying to dry the top layer. This is due to insufficient knowledge of moisture throughout the bin. In some cases, an operator is limited to probing reachable locations to determine moisture content. However, this does not lend to observing the dynamics of moisture content within the bin continuously, and the lower layers of grain or seed within the bin are susceptible to being overdried. Temperature and/or moisture cables to monitor conditions throughout the bin are more widely used. These sensors use a correlation between grain moisture content and temperature and relative humidity. However, error in moisture content determination increases greatly at high relative humidity and/or temperature. By using a microwave moisture sensor operating at 5.8 GHz, developed within USDA ARS, the moisture content of the cereal grain or oilseed can be measured continuously, providing real-time moisture content with 12-s resolution. An automated, eighth-scale grain drying system was developed utilizing temperature and relative humidity sensors at different heights within the grain bin and the microwave moisture sensor to observe drying parameters and moisture migration as the grain or seed dried. Grain and seed moisture content was determined in real-time with a standard error of calibration of = 0.54% moisture content when compared to the reference oven-drying method. Overall evaluation showed that the automated grain drying system is an effective solution for real-time monitoring of moisture content and other parameters during drying. Keywords: Dielectric properties, Grain drying bin, Moisture content, Microwave sensing, Real-time monitoring, Sensors.

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Analysis of the moisture content of maize kernels in over-ripe plants

Acta Agronomica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/aagr.54.2006.4.5 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 425-430

Author(s):

T. Árendás ◽

L. C. Marton ◽

P. Bónis ◽

Z. Berzsenyi

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Equilibrium Moisture Content ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Maize Grain Yield ◽

Maize Grain ◽

Maize Kernels

The effect of varying weather conditions on the moisture content of the maize grain yield was investigated in Martonvásár, Hungary from late August to late September, and from the 3rd third of September to the 1st third of Novemberbetween 1999 and 2002. In every year a close positive correlation (P=0.1%) could be observed between the moisture content in late September and the rate of drying down in October. Linear regression was used each year to determine the equilibrium moisture content, to which the moisture content of kernels returned if they contained less than this quantity of water in late September and harvesting was delayed. In the experimental years this value ranged from 15.24-19.01%.

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PARAMETER OPTIMIZATION AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON THE HAMMER MILL 锤片式粉碎机参数优化与试验研究

INMATEH Agricultural Engineering ◽

10.35633/inmateh-62-36 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 341-350

Author(s):

Di Wang ◽

Changbin He ◽

Haiqing Tian ◽

Liu Fei ◽

Zhang Tao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Orthogonal Experiment ◽

Electricity Consumption ◽

Spindle Speed ◽

Hammer Mill ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Evaluation Indexes ◽

Grain Moisture ◽

Validation Experiment ◽

Corn Grain

Low productivity and high electricity consumption are considered problems of the hammer mill, which is widely used in current feed production. In this paper, the mechanical properties of corn grain ground by a hammer mill were analysed, and the key factors affecting the performance of the hammer mill were determined. The single-factor experiment and three-factor, three-level quadratic regression orthogonal experiment were carried out with the spindle speed, corn grain moisture content and number of hammers as experimental factors and the productivity and electricity consumption per ton as evaluation indexes. The results showed that the order of influence on the productivity was spindle speed > corn grain moisture content > number of hammers and that the order of influence on the electricity consumption per ton was corn grain moisture content > spindle speed > number of hammers. The parameters were optimized based on the response surface method with the following results: the spindle speed was 4306 r/min, the corn grain moisture content was 10%, and the number of hammers was 24. The validation experiment was carried out with the optimal parameters’ combination. The productivity and electricity consumption per ton were 988.12 kg/h and 5.37 kW·h/t, respectively, which were consistent with the predicted results of the model.

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