Microplastic Abundance In Volga River: Results Of A Pilot Study In Summer 2020

In order to analyze the problem of microplastics pollution a comprehensive environmental survey was conducted along the entire Volga river in summer of 2020. The analysis of 34 water samples allowed us to determine the average concentration of microplastic (MP) in the surface water layer of the Volga river which accounted for 0.90 items/m3 (0.21 mg/m3). MP particles were found in all samples taken. The concentrations ranged from 0.16 to 4.10 items/m3 (from 0.04 mg/m3 to 1.29 mg/m3). The maximum MP concentrations were recorded in large cities downstream of the sewage treatment plants. For Tver, Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan and Volgograd they reached 3.77, 1.91,4.10 and 1.34 items/m3 respectively. The key role of large settlements as sources of MP in the Volga water was revealed. The minimum MP concentrations were recorded upstream of the large cities showing relatively stable levels of 0.25 items/m3 (0.05 mg/m3). The lowest MP content (0.16 items/m3) was revealed in the downstream area of the Cheboksary reservoir near Cheboksary. The results of weighing MP particles showed that their average concentration in the Volga water is 0.21 mg/m3. In each of the investigated samples particles of three determined fractions - fragments, fibers and films - were found, however, their ratio was not constant. On average, the proportion of fragments and films in the Volga water was 41% and 37% respectively and share of fibers accounted for 22%.

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Microplastics in the water of the Volga River: the results of a summer 2020 field survey

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-8338 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anastasia Lisina ◽

Maxim Platonov ◽

Oleg Lomakov ◽

Natalia Frolova ◽

Alexey Sazonov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Samples ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Water Layer ◽

Average Concentration ◽

Small Contribution ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Volga River ◽

Non Profit ◽

Large Cities ◽

Freshwater Bodies

In spite of the fact that present day Russia makes only a small contribution to the global industry of polymers and polymer products, their production increases steadily, which leads to a rise in the concentration of microplastics (MP) in the surface waters including rivers, where MP enters with surface runoff and waste water.&#160;Since the problem of microplastics pollution of freshwater bodies in Russia has not received sufficient attention, in July-August 2020 the non-profit foundation &#8220;Clean Hands, Clean Rivers&#8221; together with the Faculty of Geography of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, conducted a comprehensive hydrological and environmental survey along the entire Volga river, from its source to its mouth. It included water sampling and determination of microplastics, nutrients and heavy metals. The main hydrochemical indicators of river water were also monitored.Water samples were taken upstream and downstream of several large cities - Tver, Nizhny Novgorod, Cheboksary, Kazan, and Volgograd. To collect water samples for MP, a specialized device "manta" with nets for filtration at 300 &#181;m was used; further analysis of MP fragments was carried out by the method of differential scanning calorimetry.The analysis of 34 water samples allowed us to determine the average concentration of MP in the surface water layer of the Volga river which accounted for 0.901 part./m3.MP particles were found in all samples taken. The concentrations ranged from 0.156 to 4.100 part./m3. The maximum MP concentrations were recorded in large cities downstream of the sewage treatment plants. For Kazan, Tver, Nizhny Novgorod and Volgograd they reached 4.100, &#160;3.769, 1.907, and 1.344 part./m3, respectively. The role of large settlements as sources of MP in the Volga water was revealed.The minimum MP concentrations were recorded upstream of the large cities showing relatively stable levels of 0.25 part./m3. The lowest MP content (0.156 part./m3) was revealed in the downstream area of the Cheboksary reservoir near Cheboksary. The results of weighing MP particles showed that their average concentration in the Volga water is 0.212 mg/m3.In each of the investigated samples, particles of three determined fractions - fragments, fibers and films - were found, however, their ratio was not constant. On average, the proportion of fragments and films in the Volga water was 41% and 37%, respectively, and share of fibers accounted for 22%.

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Development of a routine analytical procedure for nonylphenol polyethyoxylates and their biodegradation products in sludge from sewage treatment plants

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2001.0593 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 44 (10) ◽

pp. 101-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. Tateda ◽

N.V. Hung ◽

H. Kaku ◽

M. Asano ◽

M. Ike ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Sewage Sludge ◽

High Performance ◽

Analytical Procedure ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Soxhlet Extraction ◽

Average Concentration ◽

Recovery Efficiency ◽

Sewage Treatment Plants ◽

Freeze Dried

A method of quantitative analysis of nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPnEOs) and their biodegration products (NPE-BDPs) in sewage sludge, which is effective, economical, and applicable to a high performance liquid chromatography was developed and actual sludge samples collected from Japanese sewage treatment plants (STPs) were analyzed using the method to confirm its effectiveness. Soxhlet extraction showed better recovery in a spike and recovery test than shaking extraction. Among the four pretreatments for Soxhlet extraction tested, the condition in which samples were freeze-dried, ultrasonicated, and extracted with methanol showed the best recovery efficiency. Quantitative analysis of NPE-BDPs in STP sludge resulted in 6.1 μg/g, 4.3 μg/g, and 8. μg/g in average concentration for NPnEOs (n=1-3), NPnEOs (n=4-18), and nonylphenol ethoxycarboxylates (NPnECs (n=1-3)), respectively, and the values of concentration were 100-1000 times higher than those in effluent at Japan's STPs. The results implied importance of quantitation of NPE-BDPs in sewage sludge to assess the risk to the environment.

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Analysis and occurrence of typical endocrine-disrupting chemicals in three sewage treatment plants

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2010.533 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 62 (11) ◽

pp. 2501-2509 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

L. Y. Wang ◽

X. H. Zhang ◽

N. F. Y. Tam

Keyword(s):

Biological Treatment ◽

Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Average Concentration ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Wet Season ◽

Physical Treatment ◽

Sewage Treatment Plants ◽

Treatment Processes ◽

Endocrine Disrupting

Seven typical endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including bisphenol A (BPA), 4-tert-octylphenol (OP), estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), 17α-estradiol (17α-E2), estriol (E3) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) in wastewater, were simultaneously determined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Samples, including influents, effluents and wastewater of different unit processes, were taken seasonally from three different sewage treatment plants. The result showed that BPA and EE2 were the two main types of EDCs in all the samples. The average concentration of BPA were in the range of 268.1–2,588.5 ng l−1 in influents and 34.0–3,099.6 ng l−1 in effluents, while EE2 ranging from 133.1 to 403.2 ng l−1 and from 35.3 to 269.1 ng l−1, respectively. Seasonal change of EDCs levels in effluents was obvious between wet season and dry season. Besides, BPA and E3 could be effectively removed by the biological treatment processes (oxidation ditch and A2/O) with the unit removal of 64–91% and 63–100% for each compound, while other five EDCs had moderate or low removal rates. The study also proved that physical treatment processes, including screening, primary sedimentation and pure aeration, had no or little effect on EDCs removal.

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Utilização de Filtros Plantados com Macrófitas para o Desaguamento e Mineralização de Lodo de Tanque Séptico (Use of Sludge Drying Reed Beds for Dewatering and Mineralization of Sludge from Septic Tank)

Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física ◽

10.26848/rbgf.v5i6.232903 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

pp. 1271

Author(s):

Daniel Ferreira de Castro Furtado ◽

Luiz Sérgio Philippi ◽

Carla Suntti ◽

Ricardo Regi

Keyword(s):

Social Impact ◽

Hydraulic Retention Time ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Average Concentration ◽

Septic Tank ◽

Reed Beds ◽

Sewage Treatment Plants ◽

Complex Processes ◽

Residual Sludge ◽

Sludge Drying

Os lodos de esgotos tornaram-se uma importante questão na gestão das cidades devido ao enorme volume produzido diariamente, ao potencial de impacto ambiental e social deste produto e ao fato de seu gerenciamento e disposição serem um dos processos mais complexos em estações de tratamento de esgotos. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a eficiência de filtros plantados com macrófitas no tratamento de lodo de tanque séptico e monitorar o processo de desaguamento e mineralização do lodo acumulado no leito do filtro. O sistema foi operado semanalmente com taxa de 125 kgST/m².ano e tempo de detenção hidráulica de 6 dias. O filtro apresentou eficiências de 95, 99, 87 e 95% para os parâmetros ST, DQOt, N-NH4+ e P-PO43-, respectivamente. O lodo acumulado apresentou a maior concentração de ST (49%), 83 dias após o último ciclo de alimentação do filtro. A concentração média de ST do lodo acumulado permitiu classificá-lo como sólido duro. Palavras-chave: lodo de tanque séptico; filtros plantados com macrófitas; tratamento de lodo séptico; biossólidos. Use of Sludge Drying Reed Beds for Dewatering and Mineralization of Sludge from Septic Tank ABSTRACT The sewage sludge has become an important issue in the management of cities due to the volume produced daily, the potential environmental and social impact of this product and the fact that its management and disposition to be one of the most complex processes in sewage treatment plants. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficiency of sludge drying reed beds in the treatment of septic tank sludge and monitor the process of dewatering and mineralization of the residual sludge. The system was operated weekly, with rate of 125 kgST/m².year and hydraulic retention time of 6 days. The filter presented efficiencies of 95, 99, 87 and 95% for parameters TS, COD, N-NH4+ e P-PO43-, respectively. Residual sludge had the highest concentration of TS (49%), 83 days after the last cycle the filter. The average concentration of TS presented the residual sludge allowed to classify it as a solid hard. Keywords: septic tank sludge; sludge drying reed beds; treatment of septic sludge; biosolids.

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Occurrence, removal, and mass balance of contaminants of emerging concern in biological nutrient removal-based sewage treatment plants: Role of redox conditions in biotransformation and sorption

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152131 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 808 ◽

pp. 152131

Author(s):

Monika Dubey ◽

Ankur Rajpal ◽

Bhanu Prakash Vellanki ◽

Absar Ahmad Kazmi

Keyword(s):

Mass Balance ◽

Nutrient Removal ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Redox Conditions ◽

Biological Nutrient Removal ◽

Contaminants Of Emerging Concern ◽

Sewage Treatment Plants

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Strategy for introducing sewage sludge energy utilization systems at sewage treatment plants in large cities in Japan: A comparative assessment

Journal of Cleaner Production ◽

10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128282 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 128282

Author(s):

Kehua Wang ◽

Toyohiko Nakakubo

Keyword(s):

Sewage Sludge ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Comparative Assessment ◽

Energy Utilization ◽

Sewage Treatment Plants ◽

Large Cities

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Research of sewage intake of small settlements in dry weather

Vestnik MGSU ◽

10.22227/1997-0935.2019.2.225-236 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 225-236 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Irina I. Ivanenkо ◽

Kseniya S. Senicheva

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Full Scale ◽

Leningrad Region ◽

Design Practice ◽

Daily Consumption ◽

Sewage Treatment Plants ◽

Large Cities ◽

Treatment Technologies ◽

Definition Of

Introduction. Attempts to apply classical wastewater treatment technologies to small volumes are often impossible due to the high irregularity of wastewater inflows, and fundamental fluctuations in the composition of wastewaters, which are very diverse in comparison with medium and large cities. At three sites located in the Leningrad Region, full-scale measurements of wastewater discharges from settlements with a population of 1000 people and an industrial enterprise were carried out in order to determine the irregularity coefficients of wastewater during the dry season. The irregularity coefficients used in the design practice for such objects differ greatly in their values, as determined in the process of analyzing the literature data, which, when designing head sewage treatment plants, can lead to significant errors in calculations. Materials and methods. Measurement of a daily consumption of sewage flowmeters counters, elimination of improbable values, definition of consumption in dry weather, comparison of these various objects. Results. Mathematical dependences are proposed for describing fluctuations in the daily coefficient of irregularity of waste during the year. It was proposed to describe the weekly fluctuation of expenses with the help of the weekly coefficient of non-uniformity and its values were determined for the studied objects. A method has been developed for determining estimated costs for small objects with a population of 1000 people. Conclusions. The developed technique allows to predict the size of coefficient of daily unevenness within a year in dry weather for small settlements with number of inhabitants of 1000 people and a small share of production drains. It is possible to recommend values of coefficients of week unevenness.

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The role of food/microorganism ratio in denitrification reactors: how it affects the sizing and operation of the denitrification process

Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science ◽

10.4136/ambi-agua.2656 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Renato Gavasci ◽

Francesco Lombardi ◽

Massimo Raboni

Keyword(s):

Dissolved Oxygen ◽

Linear Dependence ◽

Narrow Range ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Denitrification Rate ◽

Sewage Treatment Plants ◽

First Approximation ◽

Denitrification Reactor ◽

Denitrification Process

Two calculation models of the Specific Denitrification Rate (SDNR) are analyzed to highlight the sensitivity of this parameter to the Food:Microorganisms ratio in the denitrification reactor (F:MDEN). One of these models is empirical while the second was elaborated on a deterministic basis. Both models reveal a linear dependence of SDNR20°C on F:MDEN and in a first approximation they are comparable only in a narrow range of concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) in denitrification, specifically DO=0.25-0.35 mg L-1. These values frequently occur in well designed and well operated sewage treatment plants. Outside this range, the role of F:MDEN must necessarily be examined in combination with DO because of the relevant influence of the latter on the efficiency of the denitrification process.

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