Microplastics in the water of the Volga River: the results of a summer 2020 field survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Lisina ◽  
Maxim Platonov ◽  
Oleg Lomakov ◽  
Natalia Frolova ◽  
Alexey Sazonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Small Contribution ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Freshwater Bodies

<p>In spite of the fact that present day Russia makes only a small contribution to the global industry of polymers and polymer products, their production increases steadily, which leads to a rise in the concentration of microplastics (MP) in the surface waters including rivers, where MP enters with surface runoff and waste water. </p><p>Since the problem of microplastics pollution of freshwater bodies in Russia has not received sufficient attention, in July-August 2020 the non-profit foundation “Clean Hands, Clean Rivers” together with the Faculty of Geography of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, conducted a comprehensive hydrological and environmental survey along the entire Volga river, from its source to its mouth. It included water sampling and determination of microplastics, nutrients and heavy metals. The main hydrochemical indicators of river water were also monitored.</p><p>Water samples were taken upstream and downstream of several large cities - Tver, Nizhny Novgorod, Cheboksary, Kazan, and Volgograd. To collect water samples for MP, a specialized device "manta" with nets for filtration at 300 µm was used; further analysis of MP fragments was carried out by the method of differential scanning calorimetry.</p><p>The analysis of 34 water samples allowed us to determine the average concentration of MP in the surface water layer of the Volga river which accounted for 0.901 part./m<sup>3</sup>.</p><p>MP particles were found in all samples taken. The concentrations ranged from 0.156 to 4.100 part./m<sup>3</sup>. The maximum MP concentrations were recorded in large cities downstream of the sewage treatment plants. For Kazan, Tver, Nizhny Novgorod and Volgograd they reached 4.100,  3.769, 1.907, and 1.344 part./m<sup>3</sup>, respectively. The role of large settlements as sources of MP in the Volga water was revealed.</p><p>The minimum MP concentrations were recorded upstream of the large cities showing relatively stable levels of 0.25 part./m<sup>3</sup>. The lowest MP content (0.156 part./m<sup>3</sup>) was revealed in the downstream area of the Cheboksary reservoir near Cheboksary. The results of weighing MP particles showed that their average concentration in the Volga water is 0.212 mg/m<sup>3</sup>.</p><p>In each of the investigated samples, particles of three determined fractions - fragments, fibers and films - were found, however, their ratio was not constant. On average, the proportion of fragments and films in the Volga water was 41% and 37%, respectively, and share of fibers accounted for 22%.</p>

scholarly journals Microplastic Abundance In Volga River: Results Of A Pilot Study In Summer 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 82-93
Author(s):  
Anastasia A. Lisina ◽  
Maxim M. Platonov ◽  
Oleg I. Lomakov ◽  
Alexey A. Sazonov ◽  
Tatiana V. Shishova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Cheboksary Reservoir ◽  
Downstream Area

In order to analyze the problem of microplastics pollution a comprehensive environmental survey was conducted along the entire Volga river in summer of 2020. The analysis of 34 water samples allowed us to determine the average concentration of microplastic (MP) in the surface water layer of the Volga river which accounted for 0.90 items/m3 (0.21 mg/m3). MP particles were found in all samples taken. The concentrations ranged from 0.16 to 4.10 items/m3 (from 0.04 mg/m3 to 1.29 mg/m3). The maximum MP concentrations were recorded in large cities downstream of the sewage treatment plants. For Tver, Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan and Volgograd they reached 3.77, 1.91,4.10 and 1.34 items/m3 respectively. The key role of large settlements as sources of MP in the Volga water was revealed. The minimum MP concentrations were recorded upstream of the large cities showing relatively stable levels of 0.25 items/m3 (0.05 mg/m3). The lowest MP content (0.16 items/m3) was revealed in the downstream area of the Cheboksary reservoir near Cheboksary. The results of weighing MP particles showed that their average concentration in the Volga water is 0.21 mg/m3. In each of the investigated samples particles of three determined fractions - fragments, fibers and films - were found, however, their ratio was not constant. On average, the proportion of fragments and films in the Volga water was 41% and 37% respectively and share of fibers accounted for 22%.

scholarly journals Dead in the water: comment on “Development of an aquatic exposure assessment model for imidacloprid in sewage treatment plant discharges arising from use of veterinary medicinal products”

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary Perkins ◽  
Martin Whitehead ◽  
Dave Goulson
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Implicit Assumption ◽  
Small Contribution ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Ecotoxicological Thresholds ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Veterinary Medicinal Products

AbstractAnthe et al. (Environ Sci Eur 32:147, 2020. 10.1186/s12302-020-00424-4) develop a mathematical model to calculate the contribution of veterinary medicinal products (VMPs) to the levels of imidacloprid observed in the UK water monitoring programme. They find that VMPs make only a very small contribution to measured pollution levels, and that the estimated concentrations do not exceed ecotoxicological thresholds. However, shortcomings in methodology—including the implicit assumption that imidacloprid applied to pets is available for release to the environment for 24 h only and failure to incorporate site-specific sewage effluent data relating to measured levels—raise questions about their conclusions. Adjusting for these and other deficiencies, we find that their model appears consistent with the conclusion that emissions from VMPs may greatly exceed ecotoxicological thresholds and contribute substantially to imidacloprid waterway pollution in the UK. However, the model utilises imidacloprid emissions fractions for animals undergoing the different scenarios (for example, bathing) that are extrapolated from unpublished studies that do not clearly resemble the modelled scenarios, with insufficient evidence provided to support their derivation. As a result, we find that the model presented by Anthe et al. provides no reliable conclusions about the contribution of veterinary medicinal products to the levels of imidacloprid in UK waterways.

scholarly journals Diethylstilbestrol Modifies the Structure of Model Membranes and Is Localized Close to the First Carbons of the Fatty Acyl Chains

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Alessio Ausili ◽  
Inés Rodríguez-González ◽  
Alejandro Torrecillas ◽  
José A. Teruel ◽  
Juan C. Gómez-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Fatty Acyl ◽  
31P Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Relaxation Rates ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Acyl Chains ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

The synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) is used to treat metastatic carcinomas and prostate cancer. We studied its interaction with membranes and its localization to understand its mechanism of action and side-effects. We used differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showing that DES fluidized the membrane and has poor solubility in DMPC (1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) in the fluid state. Using small-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXD), it was observed that DES increased the thickness of the water layer between phospholipid membranes, indicating effects on the membrane surface. DSC, X-ray diffraction, and 31P-NMR spectroscopy were used to study the effect of DES on the Lα-to-HII phase transition, and it was observed that negative curvature of the membrane is promoted by DES, and this effect may be significant to understand its action on membrane enzymes. Using the 1H-NOESY-NMR-MAS technique, cross-relaxation rates for different protons of DES with POPC (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) protons were calculated, suggesting that the most likely location of DES in the membrane is with the main axis parallel to the surface and close to the first carbons of the fatty acyl chains of POPC. Molecular dynamics simulations were in close agreements with the experimental results regarding the location of DES in phospholipids bilayers.

scholarly journals Heavy Metal Content in Water of Resko Lake (North-West Poland)

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 279-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Daniszewski ◽  
Ryszard Konieczny
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Permissible Limit ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
North West ◽  
Annual Average Concentration

The present research work deals with the quantification of toxic heavy metals in the water samples collected from Lake of Resko (North-West Poland). While the annual average concentration of Cadmium was calculated as 0.34 ppm in 2008 of the year and 0.28 ppm in 2009 of the year. The values obtained were found to be below the permissible limit of 2.0 ppm set for inland surface water. While the annual average concentration of Chromium was calculated as 1,75 ppm in 2008 of the year and 1.97 ppm in 2009 of the year. Which was very much above the permissible limit of 0.1 ppm set for inland surface water. The observed annual average concentration of Copper in the water was 0.05 ppm in 2008 of the year and 0.06 ppm in 2009 of the year, which was below the permissible limit of 3.0 ppm set for inland surface water. While the annual average concentration of Mercury was calculated as 0.03 ppm in 2008 of the year and 0.04 ppm in 2009 of the year, which was very much above the maximum limit of 0.01 ppm set for inland surface water. The annual average concentration of Nickel in the water samples was observed to be 2.07 ppm in 2008 of the year and 2.09 ppm in 2009 of the year, which is close to the limit of 3.0 ppm set for inland surface water. The annual average concentration of Pb in the water samples was observed to be 0.07 ppm in 2008 of the year and 0.05 ppm in 2009 of the year, which is above the permissible limit of 0.1 ppm set for inland surface water. The results of the present investigation indicate that the annual average concentration of Zn in water samples was 3.02 ppm in 2008 of the year and 2.74 ppm in 2009 of the year, which is above the permissible limit of 5.0 ppm set for inland surface water.

Development of a routine analytical procedure for nonylphenol polyethyoxylates and their biodegradation products in sludge from sewage treatment plants

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tateda ◽  
N.V. Hung ◽  
H. Kaku ◽  
M. Asano ◽  
M. Ike ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Freeze Dried

A method of quantitative analysis of nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPnEOs) and their biodegration products (NPE-BDPs) in sewage sludge, which is effective, economical, and applicable to a high performance liquid chromatography was developed and actual sludge samples collected from Japanese sewage treatment plants (STPs) were analyzed using the method to confirm its effectiveness. Soxhlet extraction showed better recovery in a spike and recovery test than shaking extraction. Among the four pretreatments for Soxhlet extraction tested, the condition in which samples were freeze-dried, ultrasonicated, and extracted with methanol showed the best recovery efficiency. Quantitative analysis of NPE-BDPs in STP sludge resulted in 6.1 μg/g, 4.3 μg/g, and 8. μg/g in average concentration for NPnEOs (n=1-3), NPnEOs (n=4-18), and nonylphenol ethoxycarboxylates (NPnECs (n=1-3)), respectively, and the values of concentration were 100-1000 times higher than those in effluent at Japan's STPs. The results implied importance of quantitation of NPE-BDPs in sewage sludge to assess the risk to the environment.

scholarly journals INCA Modelling of the Lee System: strategies for the reduction of nitrogen loads

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Flynn ◽  
T. Paddison ◽  
P. G. Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Buffer Strips ◽  
Nitrogen Loads ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
River Thames ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Abstract. The Integrated Nitrogen Catchment model (INCA) was applied successfully to simulate nitrogen concentrations in the River Lee, a northern tributary of the River Thames for 1995-1999. Leaching from urban and agricultural areas was found to control nitrogen dynamics in reaches unaffected by effluent discharges and abstractions; the occurrence of minimal flows resulted in an upward trend in nitrate concentration. Sewage treatment works (STW) discharging into the River Lee raised nitrate concentrations substantially, a problem which was compounded by abstractions in the Lower Lee. The average concentration of nitrate (NO3) for the simulation period 1995-96 was 7.87 mg N l-1. Ammonium (NH4) concentrations were simulated less successfully. However, concentrations of ammonium rarely rose to levels which would be of environmental concern. Scenarios were run through INCA to assess strategies for the reduction of nitrate concentrations in the catchment. The conversion of arable land to ungrazed vegetation or to woodland would reduce nitrate concentrations substantially, whilst inclusion of riparian buffer strips would be unsuccessful in reducing nitrate loading. A 50% reduction in nitrate loading from Luton STW would result in a fall of up to 5 mg N l-1 in the reach directly affected (concentrations fell from maxima of 13 to 8 mg N l-1 , nearly a 40 % reduction), whilst a 20% reduction in abstractions would reduce maximum peaks in concentration in the lower Lee by up to 4 mg l-1 (from 17 to 13 mg N l-1, nearly a 25 % reduction),. Keywords: modelling, water quality, nitrogen, nitrate, ammonium, INCA, River Lee, River Thames, land-use.

Research on Influencing Factors of Photoreactivation in Urban Sewage Treatment by UV Disinfection

2013 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 595-600
Author(s):  
Ji Ku Zhang ◽  
Hui Ye Wang ◽  
Hui Ting Shao ◽  
Zhi Biao Dong
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Uv Disinfection ◽  
Natural Light ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Urban Sewage ◽  
Uv Dose ◽  
Higher Doses

Test using CS-type UV sterilizer to do experimental study on the urban sewage , mainly research the influence of the placement time under natural light and the UV dose on photoreactivation. The results show that when disinfection ultraviolet dose is equal, bacteria photoreactivation phenomenon is more obvious with the increase of the placement time of water samples under natural light . When the placement time reaches at 3h, bacteria photoreactivation phenomenon is the most obvious. Under the same placement time, the ratio of bacteria photoreactivation decreases gradually with the increase of UV dose. When UV dose reaches at 80mJ /cm2 or the higher doses, the bacteria does not basically happen photoreactivation phenomenon. Photoreactivation phenomenon in E. coli is more obvious than that in bacteria under the same conditions.

Analysis and occurrence of typical endocrine-disrupting chemicals in three sewage treatment plants

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 2501-2509 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Y. Wang ◽  
X. H. Zhang ◽  
N. F. Y. Tam
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Physical Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting

Seven typical endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including bisphenol A (BPA), 4-tert-octylphenol (OP), estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), 17α-estradiol (17α-E2), estriol (E3) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) in wastewater, were simultaneously determined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Samples, including influents, effluents and wastewater of different unit processes, were taken seasonally from three different sewage treatment plants. The result showed that BPA and EE2 were the two main types of EDCs in all the samples. The average concentration of BPA were in the range of 268.1–2,588.5 ng l−1 in influents and 34.0–3,099.6 ng l−1 in effluents, while EE2 ranging from 133.1 to 403.2 ng l−1 and from 35.3 to 269.1 ng l−1, respectively. Seasonal change of EDCs levels in effluents was obvious between wet season and dry season. Besides, BPA and E3 could be effectively removed by the biological treatment processes (oxidation ditch and A2/O) with the unit removal of 64–91% and 63–100% for each compound, while other five EDCs had moderate or low removal rates. The study also proved that physical treatment processes, including screening, primary sedimentation and pure aeration, had no or little effect on EDCs removal.

scholarly journals Microbial air contamination on the premises of the sewage treatment plant in Bydgoszcz (Poland) and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus spp.

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 58-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Małecka-Adamowicz ◽  
Łukasz Kubera ◽  
Wojciech Donderski ◽  
Katarzyna Kolet
Keyword(s):  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Air Contamination ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

AbstractThe study was aimed at evaluating microbial contamination on the premises of the sewage treatment plant by determining the concentrations of selected groups of airborne microorganisms. Another objective was to determine the antibiotic sensitivity patterns of isolated strains of staphylococci. The research was conducted in a seasonal cycle, by the impaction method using Merck MAS-100 air sampler. Samples were collected at six sites, each representing a different stage of sewage treatment. The susceptibility of isolated staphylococci was assessed with the disc-diffusion method, following the recommendations of the EUCAST. The results indicate that the microbial population in the air of the investigated area was dominated by mold fungi, whose highest average concentration was recorded at site IV located near the final clarifier (7672 CFU•m-3). Heterotrophic bacteria and mannitol-positive staphylococci were the most numerous at locations where sewage undergoes primary treatment. In each subseuqent stage the number of microorganisms emitted into the air from the sewage was lower. Antibiograms show that more than 50% of Staphylococcus spp. exhibited resistance to penicillin and 20% to rifampicin. In addition, 90% of the analyzed strains were sensitive to other antibiotics. The fungal community included the following genera: Cladosporium, Fusarium, Alternaria, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Aureobasidium, and Acremonium.The highest air contamination with all studied groups of microorganisms was recorded at the locations where mechanical sewage treatment was performed. During the subsequent stages lower numbers of heterotrophic bacteria were emitted into the air. The air in the investigated sewage treatment plant did not contain multidrug-resistant staphylococci.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document