Dynamics of carbohydrate metabolism in pregnant women with different prepregnancy weight

Carbohydrate metabolism disorders resulting in hyperglycemia are among the most common metabolic complications of pregnancy. According to 2017 data from the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), 16.2% of pregnancies are complicated with hyperglycemia, of which gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) accounts for 86.4% of cases. Carbohydrate metabolism disorders developing during pregnancy require the patient to change her lifestyle or, in some cases, to undergo pharmaceutical treatment, which may affect various aspects of the patient’s life, including her perceived quality of life (QoL). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate levels of QoL, social support, acceptance of illness, and self-efficacy among pregnant patients with hyperglycemia. The study was performed between July 2016 and September 2017 in a group of hyperglycemic pregnant women. The following instruments were used: the World Health Organization Quality of Life—BREF (WHOQOL-BREF), the Berlin Social Support Scales (BSSS), the Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS), the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) and a standardized interview questionnaire. Participants rated their overall QoL (3.64 points) higher than their overall perceived health (3.43). In terms of social support, the highest scores were obtained in terms of actually received support (3.53) and perceived available instrumental support (3.52), while the lowest in terms of support seeking (2.99) and the need for support (2.95). The mean acceptance of illness score among the hyperglycemic pregnant women that were studied was 31.37, and the mean generalized self-efficacy score was 31.58. Participants’ reported QoL in the various WHOQOL-BREF domains was associated with specific social support scales, acceptance of illness, and generalized self-efficacy.

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Nutritional status of pregnant women: prevalence and associated pregnancy outcomes

Revista de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0034-89102001000600002 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 502-507 ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

Luciana Bertoldi Nucci ◽

Maria Inês Schmidt ◽

Bruce Bartholow Duncan ◽

Sandra Costa Fuchs ◽

Eni Teresinha Fleck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Pregnancy Outcomes ◽

Educational Level ◽

Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽

World Health ◽

Prepregnancy Weight ◽

Adverse Pregnancy ◽

The Impact

INTRODUCTION: Although obesity is well recognized as a current public health problem, its prevalence and impact among pregnant women have been less investigated in Brazil. The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of pre-obesity and obesity among pregnant women, describing its prevalence and risk factors, and their association with adverse pregnancy outcomes. METHODS: A cohort of 5,564 pregnant women, aged 20 years or more, enrolled at aproximately 20 to 28 weeks of pregnancy, seen in prenatal public clinics of six state capitals in Brazil were followed up, between 1991 and 1995. Prepregnancy weight, age, educational level and parity were obtained from a standard questionnaire. Height was measured in duplicate and the interviewer assigned the skin color. Nutritional status was defined using body mass index (BMI), according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Odds ratios and 95% confidence interval were calculated using logistic regression. RESULTS: Age-adjusted prevalences (and 95% CI) based on prepregnancy weight were: underweight 5.7% (5.1%-6.3%), overweight 19.2% (18.1%-20.3%), and obesity 5.5% (4.9%-6.2%). Obesity was more frequently observed in older black women, with a lower educational level and multiparous. Obese women had higher frequencies of gestational diabetes, macrosomia, hypertensive disorders, and lower risk of microsomia. CONCLUSIONS: Overweight nutritional status (obesity and pre-obesity) was seen in 25% of adult pregnant women and it was associated with increased risk for several adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia.

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Potentialities of modern glucose monitoring devices during pregnancy

Russian Medical Inquiry ◽

10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-6-352-357 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 352-357

Author(s):

F.O. Ushanova ◽

◽

T.Yu. Demidova ◽

Keyword(s):

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽

Continuous Glucose Monitoring ◽

Glucose Monitoring ◽

Nocturnal Hypoglycemia ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Monitoring Technologies ◽

Diabetes Gestational ◽

Monitoring Devices

Currently, the management of pregnant women with carbohydrate metabolism disorders is challenging due to the high risk of unfavorable events both for the mother and the child even in insignificant deviations from the target value. In addition to the conventional methods of self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is an important tool to control diabetes. CGM in pregnant women provides the detailed information on the type and trends of the changes in blood glucose levels and the fluctuations of glucose levels and also identifies the episodes of latent nocturnal hypoglycemia and postprandial hyperglycemia. The analysis of CGM data allows for correcting insulin therapy, taking a decision on its initiation, and modifying diet and exercise plan. Multiple studies demonstrate the efficacy of CGM in terms of compensating manifest diabetes. As to gestational diabetes, the eligibility of modern glucose monitoring technologies for the prevention of various complications is still controversial. Further studies on the potential use of these devices in gestational diabetes could provide a basis for increasing their application in routine clinical practice. This will improve the management of pregnant women with carbohydrate metabolism disorders.KEYWORDS: diabetes, gestational diabetes, continuous glucose monitoring, flash monitoring, pregnancy, macrosomia, self-monitoring.FOR CITATION: Ushanova F.O., Demidova T.Yu. Potentialities of modern glucose monitoring devices during pregnancy. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2020;4(6):352–357. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-6-352-357.

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Diabetic choroidopathy in pregnant women with disorders carbohydrate metabolism

Modern technologies in ophtalmology ◽

10.25276/2312-4911-2020-4-101-102 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 101-102

Author(s):

N.V. Pomytkina ◽

◽

E.L. Sorokin ◽

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽

Diabetic Choroidopathy

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The endocrine system and vomiting in pregnant women

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17816/kazmj78406 ◽

1926 ◽

Vol 22 (11) ◽

pp. 1296-1296

Keyword(s):

Mammary Gland ◽

Pituitary Gland ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Corpus Luteum ◽

Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽

Endocrine System ◽

Posterior Pituitary ◽

Posterior Pituitary Lobe

The author notes in hyperemesis a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism and depletion of the liver in glycogen, which, in his opinion, is due to increased secretion of the posterior pituitary lobe. Normally, this secretion is regulated by hormones of the mammary gland, placenta, and corpus luteum. If these hormones are insufficient, hyperfunction of the pituitary gland with its consequences occurs.

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A Multicentre Study to Investigate the Prevalence of Abnormal Carbohydrate Metabolism in Chinese Pregnant Women

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research ◽

10.1111/j.1447-0756.1996.tb00997.x ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 401-407 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

C. P. Lee ◽

Z. Q. Wang ◽

S. J. Duthie ◽

H. K. Ma ◽

J. Z. Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multicentre Study ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Carbohydrate Metabolism

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Longitudinal Study of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Healthy Obese Pregnant Women

Diabetes Care ◽

10.2337/diacare.20.9.1470 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 20 (9) ◽

pp. 1470-1475 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

E. Sivan ◽

X. Chen ◽

C. J. Homko ◽

E. A. Reece ◽

G. Boden

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽

Healthy Obese

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Effect of antiretroviral agents on carbohydrate metabolism in HIV-1 infected pregnant women

Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews ◽

10.1002/dmrr.576 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 59-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Patrícia El Beitune ◽

Geraldo Duarte ◽

Milton César Foss ◽

Renan Magalhães Montenegro ◽

Patricia Spara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽

Antiretroviral Agents ◽

Hiv 1

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The associations of incretin hormone concentration with gestational diabetes mellitus

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

10.14341/dm2004134-37 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 150-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tatiana V. Saprina ◽

Ekaterina S. Timokhina ◽

Olga K. Goncharevich ◽

Svetlana V. Budeeva ◽

Tatiana S. Prokhorenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽

Hormone Secretion ◽

Control Group ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Incretin Hormone ◽

Metabolism Disorder

Background: Enteropancreatic hormonal system disorder is a possible reason for β-cell dysfunction and carbohydrate metabolism disorder among pregnant women. However, no information is available about the state of enteroinsulin hormones [glucagon, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide1 (GLP-1) and GLP-2] during pregnancy. The role of enteroinsulin hormones in the development of carbohydrate metabolism disorder during pregnancy is poorly understood. Aim: To quantify and compare incretin hormone secretion in groups of pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Materials and methods: The study included 80 patients, 50 of whom had GDM, and the control group consisted of 30 pregnant women without GDM. All patients underwent an oral glucose tolerance test; glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) estimation; ferritin, transferrin, basal and postprandial glucagon estimation; GLP-1 and GLP-2 estimation. Results: Basal glucagon and GLP-1 levels were significantly higher (p 0. 05) in the group of women with GDM than in the control group. The most significant differences in GLP-1, basal and postprandial glucagon levels were observed during the first trimester of pregnancy. Conclusion: High GLP-1 levels in the group of women with GDM may reflect a state of ‘incretin resistance’, which is similar to hyperinsulinemia in the early stages of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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