scholarly journals Congenital rubella - a familiar stranger (case study)

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2(8)) ◽  
pp. 131-135
Author(s):  
G.V. Vaschilin ◽  
L.A. Gagalovska ◽  
M.M. Gnativ ◽  
N.G. Tandura ◽  
T.D. Zagorulko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Defects ◽  
Congenital Heart Defects ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Congenital Rubella Syndrome ◽  
Congenital Rubella ◽  
Fetal Infection

Rubella is an acute contagious viralexanthemа. Its an agent RNA virus – has teratogenic effect.The disease may be severe, light and asymptomatic inpregnant women. Transplacental contamination is possiblein any of the disease forms. Contamination during the firsteight weeks of pregnancy leads to fetal infection in 30-80%of cases. With higher gestational age the risk of congenitalrubella reduces. The major birth defects because of rubellaare congenital heart defects, eye defects and deafness.Prevention of congenital rubella syndrome is possible onlyby vaccination.

scholarly journals Children Born with Congenital Heart Defects and Growth Restriction at Birth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Ghanchi ◽  
Neil Derridj ◽  
Damien Bonnet ◽  
Nathalie Bertille ◽  
Laurent J. Salomon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Congenital Heart Defects ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Growth Restriction

Newborns with congenital heart defects tend to have a higher risk of growth restriction, which can be an independent risk factor for adverse outcomes. To date, a systematic review of the relation between congenital heart defects (CHD) and growth restriction at birth, most commonly estimated by its imperfect proxy small for gestational age (SGA), has not been conducted. Objective: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the proportion of children born with CHD that are small for gestational age (SGA). Methods: The search was carried out from inception until 31 March 2019 on Pubmed and Embase databases. Studies were screened and selected by two independent reviewers who used a predetermined data extraction form to obtain data from studies. Bias was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist. The database search identified 1783 potentially relevant publications, of which 38 studies were found to be relevant to the study question. A total of 18 studies contained sufficient data for a meta-analysis, which was done using a random effects model. Results: The pooled proportion of SGA in all CHD was 20% (95% CI 16%–24%) and 14% (95% CI 13%–16%) for isolated CHD. Proportion of SGA varied across different CHD ranging from 30% (95% CI 24%–37%) for Tetralogy of Fallot to 12% (95% CI 7%–18%) for isolated atrial septal defect. The majority of studies included in the meta-analysis were population-based studies published after 2010. Conclusion: The overall proportion of SGA in all CHD was 2-fold higher whereas for isolated CHD, 1.4-fold higher than the expected proportion in the general population. Although few studies have looked at SGA for different subtypes of CHD, the observed variability of SGA by subtypes suggests that growth restriction at birth in CHD may be due to different pathophysiological mechanisms.

Maternal Smoking and Congenital Heart Defects, National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2011

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elijah H. Bolin ◽  
Yevgeniya Gokun ◽  
Paul A. Romitti ◽  
Sarah C. Tinker ◽  
April D. Summers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Defects ◽  
Congenital Heart Defects ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Prevention Study

scholarly journals Academic Achievement Among Children with Congenital Heart Defects in Arkansas

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman Maity ◽  
Nahed El-hassan ◽  
Anthony Goudie ◽  
Jeffrey R Kaiser ◽  
Wendy N Nembhard
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Congenital Heart Defects ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Birth Certificate ◽  
Educational Performance ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Children with congenital heart defects (CHD) have impaired cognitive development. The objective was to determine if children with CHDs differed in academic performance during elementary and middle school years from children without CHDs. Data from the state birth defects registry, Arkansas Reproductive Health Monitoring System (ARHMS), birth certificate records, and achievement test-scores (grades 3-8) from the Arkansas Department of Education were linked using unique identifiers for children born between 2000-2011 in Arkansas. Cases were identified using 6-digit British Paediatric Association codes and matched controls were assigned from birth certificate data. Proficiency (yes/no) on achievement tests was determined using standard thresholds per grade. Data were stratified based on sex, gestational age, and birth weight. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated from multivariate logistic regression adjusting for maternal education level and age, race/ethnicity, and infant sex. A total of 3,730 children with CHDs and 7,385 children without CHDs were evaluated. Children with CHD were less likely to be proficient in early elementary school grades for mathematics (3rd: OR=0.72, 95% CI: 0.59, 0.87; 4th: OR=0.77, 95% CI: 0.62, 0.95) and literacy (3rd: OR=0.75, 95% CI: 0.63, 0.89; 4th: OR=0.72, 95% CI: 0.58, 0.90). The trend of being less proficient associated with CHD remained mostly consistent with sex, gestational age, and birth weight. In multivariate analysis, CHD was negatively associated with being proficient in mathematics and literacy. Maternal education (1-3 years beyond high school) was positively associated with test proficiency. Additionally, non-Hispanic (NH) black children had lower odds of being proficient compared to NH white children. Educational performance was negatively associated with CHD in early elementary grades; there was no difference in later grades. However, larger sample sizes in later grades are necessary for reliable estimates. Maternal education and race/ethnicity were significant factors associated with childhood educational performance.

scholarly journals Role of Risk of Bias in Systematic Review for Chemical Risk Assessment: A Case Study in Understanding the Relationship Between Congenital Heart Defects and Exposures to Trichloroethylene

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Wikoff ◽  
Jon D. Urban ◽  
Seneca Harvey ◽  
Laurie C. Haws
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Congenital Heart Defects ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Chemical Risk ◽  
Chemical Risk Assessment

The National Academy of Science has recommended that a risk of bias (RoB; credibility of the link between exposure and outcome) assessment be conducted on studies that are used as primary data sources for hazard identification and dose–response assessment. Few applications of such have been conducted. Using trichloroethylene and congenital heart defects (CHDs) as a case study, we explore the role of RoB in chemical risk assessment using the National Toxicology Program’s Office of Health Assessment and Translation RoB tool. Selected questions were tailored to evaluation of CHD and then applied to 12 experimental animal studies and 9 epidemiological studies. Results demonstrated that the inconsistent findings of a single animal study were likely explained by the limitations in study design assessed via RoB (eg, lack of concurrent controls, unvalidated method for assessing outcome, unreliable statistical methods, etc). Such limitations considered in the context of the body of evidence render the study not sufficiently reliable for the development of toxicity reference values. The case study highlights the utility of RoB as part of a robust risk assessment process and specifically demonstrates the role RoB can play in objectively selecting candidate data sets to develop toxicity values.

scholarly journals Maternal sociodemographic characteristics, early pregnancy behaviours, and livebirth outcomes as congenital heart defects risk factors - Northern Ireland 2010-2014

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafi Saad ◽  
Marlene Sinclair ◽  
Brendan Bunting
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Congenital Heart Defects ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Congenital Heart Defects (CHD) is the most commonly occurring congenital anomaly in Europe and a major paediatric health care concern. Investigations are needed to enable identification of CHD risk factors as studies have given conflicting results. This study aim was to identify maternal sociodemographic characteristics, behaviours, and birth outcomes as risk factors for CHD. This was a population based, data linkage cohort study using anonymised data from Northern Ireland (NI) covering the period 2010-2014. The study cohort composed of 94,067 live births with an outcome of 1162 cases of CHD using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD)-10 codes and based on the European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies (EUROCAT) grouping system for CHD. CHD cases were obtained from the HeartSuite database (HSD) at the Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children (RBHSC), maternal data were extracted from the Northern Ireland Maternity System (NIMATS), and medication data were extracted from the Enhanced Prescribing Database (EPD). STATA version 14 was used for the statistical analysis in this study, Odds Ratio (OR), 95% Confident intervals (CI), P value, and logistic regression were used in the analysis. Ethical approval was granted from the National Health Service (NHS) Research Ethics Committee. Result In this study, a number of potential risk factors were assessed for statistically significant association with CHD, however only certain risk factors demonstrated a statistically significant association with CHD which included: gestational age at first booking (AOR = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.04-1.41; P < 0.05), family history of CHD or congenital abnormalities and syndromes (AOR = 4.14; 95% CI = 2.47-6.96; P < 0.05), woman’s smoking in pregnancy (AOR = 1.22; 95% CI = 1.04-1.43; P < 0.05), preterm birth (AOR = 3.01; 95% CI = 2.44-3.01; P < 0.05), multiple births (AOR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.58-2.60; P < 0.05), history of abortion (AOR = 1.12; 95% CI = 1.03-1.28; P < 0.05), small for gestational age (SGA) (AOR = 1.44; 95% CI = 1.22-1.78; P < 0.05), and low birth weight (LBW) (AOR = 3.10; 95% CI = 2.22-3.55; P < 0.05). Prescriptions and redemptions of antidiabetic (AOR = 2.68; 95% CI = 1.85-3.98; P < 0.05), antiepileptic (AOR = 1.77; 95% CI = 1.10-2.81; P < 0.05), and dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors (DHFRI) (AOR = 2.13; 95% CI = 1.17-5.85; P < 0.05) in early pregnancy also showed evidence of statistically significant association with CHD. Conclusion The results of this study suggested that there are certain maternal sociodemographic characteristics, behaviours and birth outcomes that are statistically significantly associated with higher risk of CHD. Appropriate prevention policy to target groups with higher risk for CHD may help to reduce CHD prevalence. These results are important for policy makers, obstetricians, cardiologists, paediatricians, midwives and the public.

Rubella Virus

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmaculate Lebo ◽  
Susan Reef
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rubella Virus ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Mental Impairment ◽  
Rubella Infection ◽  
Congenital Rubella ◽  
Fetal Infection

Rubella infection in pregnant women, especially during the first trimester, can result in miscarriages, fetal deaths, stillbirths, or a constellation of congenital anomalies known as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Infants born with CRS often present with a myriad of classical symptoms, including hearing impairment, congenital heart defects, cataracts, and mental impairment. The risk of developing a congenital defect is highest when the rubella infection occurs during the first 12 weeks of gestation. The risks associated with fetal infection are primarily in pregnant women who are not immune to the rubella virus; immunity is acquired through vaccination with a rubella-containing vaccine or develops naturally following infection with rubella virus. In 2010, approximately 105,000 children with CRS were born globally, with an estimated 49,229 and 38,712 CRS cases born in the Southeast Asia and African WHO regions, respectively. Significant progress has been made toward reducing the burden of rubella and CRS cases globally through the introduction of rubella-containing vaccines in many countries.

Abstract 15517: Receipt of Special Education Services Among Children with Congenital Heart Defects in Atlanta, Georgia

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany Colarusso ◽  
Autry Andrew ◽  
Hilda Razzaghi ◽  
Coleen Boyle ◽  
William Mahle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Birth Defects ◽  
Congenital Heart Defects ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Special Education Services ◽  
Education Services ◽  
Prevalence Ratios

BACKGROUND: Population-based information on special education service needs among children with congenital heart defects (CHDs) is limited. We investigated the prevalence of receipt of special education services among children with CHDs. METHODS: Children born from 1982-2004 in metropolitan Atlanta with CHDs (n=3,744) were identified from a population-based birth defect surveillance program, and contemporaneous children born without major birth defects (n=860,715) were identified from birth certificates. Cohorts were linked to special education files for 1992-2012 school years to identify receipt of special education services. Children with CHDs and non-cardiac defects or genetic syndromes were excluded; children with isolated CHDs were classified by presence or absence of critical CHDs (i.e., defects needing intervention in the first year of life). We evaluated prevalence of special education services and calculated prevalence ratios (PRs) using children without birth defects as reference. RESULTS: Children with CHDs were 50% more likely than those without birth defects to use special education services (PR 1.5; 95% Confidence interval 1.4-1.7). Similar to children without birth defects, the most common eligibility among children with CHDs was speech/language impairment. Compared to children without birth defects, the prevalence of several special education eligibilities were significantly higher among children with all CHDs: any intellectual disability (PR 3.8), sensory impairment (PR 3.0), other health impairment (PR 2.8), significant developmental delay (PR 1.9), orthopedic impairment (PR 1.9), and specific learning disability (PR 1.4). For most special education eligibilities, there was no significant variation in the elevated prevalence ratios by presence or absence of critical CHDs. CONCLUSIONS: Children with many types of CHDs received special education services more often than children without birth defects. These findings highlight important resource needs for children with CHDs. Furthermore, they suggest that recommendations to perform developmental screening only on children with select CHDs may miss or delay identification of children with other CHDs, who may also need special education services.

The clinic pattern of pulmonary artery vasoconstriction in children (morbus coelius)

1927 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1041-1045
Author(s):  
B. M. Deich
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Birth Defects ◽  
Congenital Heart Defects ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Pulmonary Artery Stenosis ◽  
Septal Defects ◽  
Nosological Entity ◽  
Simultaneous Existence ◽  
Large Vessels

"Blue disease" is not a separate nosological entity, but represents a certain syndrome accompanying congenital heart defects. Despite the fact that this disease has long been known, nevertheless, its pathogenesis has not yet been definitively established. The former authors explained various individual forms of cardiac birth defects by this syndrome, but now it has been established that "blue disease" is a collective concept and occurs, according to Barye, in septal defects and anomalies of large vessels, and according to Fallop, in simultaneous existence of pulmonary artery stenosis and non-cavitary septum as well as in non-cavitary ductus botalus.

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