Acute Cecal Tympany During Chemical Restraint in Free-Ranging Capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) - Iatrogenic Cause and Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-122
Author(s):  
Derek Rosenfield ◽  
Mario Ferraro ◽  
Priscila Yanai ◽  
Claudia Igayara ◽  
Cristiane Pizzutto
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Restraint ◽  
Hydrochoerus Hydrochaeris ◽  
Free Ranging

scholarly journals Positive-reinforcement strategies to reduce capture-stress in Capybaras

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. e45819
Author(s):  
Derek Andrew Rosenfield ◽  
Cristiane Schilbach Pizzutto
Keyword(s):  
Positive Reinforcement ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Physical Restraint ◽  
Chemical Restraint ◽  
Hydrochoerus Hydrochaeris ◽  
Conditioning Effect ◽  
Capture Stress ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
Free Ranging

Prior to the administration of any anesthetics, capturing the semi-aquatic capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) demands physical restraint, which presents immense challenges. Traditional methods, such as lassoing and traps, are prone to induce acute stress, may result in injury, and can even have fatal outcomes. As part of a larger population control project using contraceptive methods, frequent capture-induced stress and injury may directly affect normal reproductive physiology. Thus, choosing a less stress-inducing method was imperative. In this report, we describe methods of conditioning to enable frequent capture and manipulation, using bait as a positive reinforcement associated with a special click-sound, in a free-ranging population of 40 capybaras. The objectives were to attract, herd, and allow capybaras to voluntarily enter a coral. We evaluated the conditioning effect on individual and group behaviors, interpreting vocal and body language manifestations during the processes of conditioning, herding, capture, and recovery (post procedure/chemical restraint), with the aim of minimizing capture-related stress and injuries. Based on our observations, we report that conditioning, used as part of the capture strategies, noticeably facilitated physical restraint and manipulation throughout the procedures, while apparently maintaining the animals’ overall welfare as it relates to conditioning and capture.

scholarly journals Intranasal oxygen reverses hypoxaemia in immobilised free-ranging capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0260441
Author(s):  
Jefferson F. Cordeiro ◽  
Mariana C. Sanches ◽  
Elidiane Rusch ◽  
Nathalia V. Xavier ◽  
Ana Angélica Cassoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Chemical Restraint ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Hydrochoerus Hydrochaeris ◽  
Main Host ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
The Impact

Capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) is the main host of tick-borne pathogens causing Brazilian spotted fever; therefore, controlling its population is essential, and this may require chemical restraint. We assessed the impact of chemical restraint protocols on the partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) and other blood variables in 36 capybaras and the effect of different flows of nasal oxygen (O2) supplementation. The capybaras were hand-injected with dexmedetomidine (5 μg/kg) and midazolam (0.1 mg/kg) and butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg) (DMB, n = 18) or methadone (0.1 mg/kg) (DMM, n = 18). One-third of the animals were maintained in ambient air throughout the procedure, and one-third were administered intranasal 2 L/min O2 after 30 min whereas the other third were administered 5 L/min O2. Arterial blood gases, acid-base status, and electrolytes were assessed 30 and 60 min after drug injection. The DMB and DMM groups did not vary based on any of the evaluated variables. All animals developed hypoxaemia (PaO2 44 [30; 73] mmHg, SaO2 81 [62; 93] %) 30 min before O2 supplementation. Intranasal O2 at 2 L/min improved PaO2 (63 [49; 97] mmHg and SaO2 [92 [85; 98] %), but 9 of 12 capybaras remained hypoxaemic. A higher O2 flow of 5 L/min was efficient in treating hypoxaemia (PaO2 188 [146; 414] mmHg, SaO2 100 [99; 100] %) in all the 12 animals that received it. Both drug protocols induced hypoxaemia, which could be treated with intranasal oxygen supplementation.

Multi-elemental exposure assessment through concentrations in hair of free-ranging capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris Linnaeus, 1766) in the Atlantic Forest remnants, Northeast of Brazil

Chemosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 127800
Author(s):  
Silvia Gabriela Nunes da Silva Yang ◽  
Iago José Santos da Silva ◽  
Dênisson da Silva e Souza ◽  
Cristina Farias da Fonseca ◽  
Ana Cláudia da Silva Santiago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Hydrochoerus Hydrochaeris ◽  
Forest Remnants ◽  
Free Ranging

Biochemical and physiological parameters associated with Trypanosoma evansi prevalence in wild capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris)

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (12) ◽  
pp. 913-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.T. Eberhardt ◽  
P.M. Beldomenico ◽  
L.D. Monje ◽  
A.L. Racca
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Evansi ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Hydrochoerus Hydrochaeris ◽  
Host Health ◽  
History Of ◽  
Wildlife Populations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
The Impact

Parasites can be detrimental to the health of wildlife populations and may negatively affect several aspects of the life history of their hosts. Investigating host health, therefore, is key to understanding important mechanisms of the host–parasite interaction at the individual and population levels. Recently, we reported a prevalence of 10% of Trypanosoma evansi Steel, 1884 in a population of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (L., 1766)) from Esteros del Iberá, Argentina; however, the impact of T. evansi infection on capybaras is unknown. The aim of this study was to explore associations between T. evansi infection and biochemical and physiological parameters in wild capybaras using blood samples (n = 60) from a managed population of free-ranging capybaras from Esteros del Iberá. Infection by T. evansi was negatively associated with body condition, albumin, alpha-2 globulin concentrations, albumin/globulin ratio, and eosinophil counts, and it was positively associated with spleen index and gamma-globulin concentrations. These results suggest that T. evansi infection may pose a significant impact on the health of wild capybaras.

scholarly journals Morphometric Patterns and Blood Biochemistry of Capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) from Human-Modified Landscapes and Natural Landscapes in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Hector R. Benatti ◽  
Hermes R. Luz ◽  
Daniel M. Lima ◽  
Vinicius D. Gonçalves ◽  
Francisco B. Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Body Condition Index ◽  
Hydrochoerus Hydrochaeris ◽  
Natural Landscapes ◽  
The World ◽  
Free Ranging

The capybara, Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris, is the largest extant rodent of the world. To better understand the correlation between size and body mass, and biochemical parameters of capybaras from areas with different degrees of anthropization (i.e., different food supplies), we sampled free-ranging capybaras from areas of natural landscapes (NLs) and human-modified landscapes (HMLs) in Brazil. Analyses of biometrical and biochemical parameters of capybaras showed that animals from HMLs were heavier (higher body mass) than those from NL, a condition possibly related to fat deposit rather than body length, as indicated by Body Condition Index (BCI) analyses. Biochemical parameters indicated higher serum levels of albumin, creatine kinase, cholesterol, fructosamine and total protein among capybaras from HMLs than from NLs; however, when all adult capybaras were analyzed together only cholesterol and triglycerides were positively correlated with body mass. We propose that the biochemical profile differences between HMLs and NLs are related to the obesity condition of capybaras among HMLs. Considering that heavier animals might live longer and reproduce more often, our results could have important implications in the population dynamics of capybaras among HMLs, where this rodent species is frequently represented by overgrowth populations that generate several levels of conflicts with human beings.

scholarly journals Natural Habitat, Housing, and Restraint of Six Selected Neotropical Animals in Trinidad and Tobago with the Potential for Domestication

Scientifica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Kavita Ranjeeta Lall ◽  
Kegan Romelle Jones ◽  
Gary Wayne Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Trinidad And Tobago ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Chemical Restraint ◽  
Hydrochoerus Hydrochaeris ◽  
Pecari Tajacu ◽  
Collared Peccary ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Brocket Deer

This paper highlights the natural habitat, housing, and restraint needs of 6 Neotropical animals that are found in Trinidad and Tobago with the potential for domestication: agouti (Dasyprocta leporina), lappe/paca (Cuniculus paca/Agouti paca), capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), manicou/opossum (Didelphis marsupialis insularis), collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu/Pecari tajacu), and red brocket deer (Mazama americana). The year of the earliest reference cited was 1950 and the most recent was 2018, with over 100 references being used. The average density, home range size, social group, and housing requirements were also examined as these factors would play a role in designing enclosures. A number of different physical and chemical restraint techniques were also discussed. Information from other species within the same genus was incorporated as some of the animals did not have sufficient literature.

Exposure of free‐ranging capybaras ( Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris ) to the vaccinia virus

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 481-485
Author(s):  
João Marcelo Azevedo de Paula Antunes ◽  
Iara Apolinário Borges ◽  
Giliane de Souza Trindade ◽  
Erna Geessien Kroon ◽  
Tatiana Morosini de Andrade Cruvinel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccinia Virus ◽  
Hydrochoerus Hydrochaeris ◽  
Free Ranging

scholarly journals Parasites Circulating in Wild Synanthropic Capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris): A One Health Approach

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1152
Author(s):  
Manuel Uribe ◽  
Carlos Hermosilla ◽  
Arlex Rodríguez-Durán ◽  
Juan Vélez ◽  
Sara López-Osorio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Future Research ◽  
New Host ◽  
Hydrochoerus Hydrochaeris ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
Zoonotic Parasites ◽  
Free Ranging

Capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) are affected by a wide range of protozoan and metazoan-derived parasitic diseases. Among parasites of free-ranging capybaras are soil-, water-, food- and gastropod-borne parasitosis, today considered as opportunistic infections in semiaquatic ecosystems. The overlapping of the capybara’s natural ecological habitats with human and domestic animal activities has unfortunately increased in recent decades, thereby enhancing possible cross- or spillover events of zoonotic parasites. Due to this, three synanthropic wild capybara populations in the Orinoco Basin were studied for the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasite infections. A total of forty-six fecal samples were collected from free-ranging capybaras in close proximity to livestock farms. Macroscopical analyses, standard copromicroscopical techniques, coproELISA, PCR, and phylogenetic analysis revealed thirteen parasite taxa. In detail, the study indicates stages of five protozoans, four nematodes, one cestode, and three trematodes. Two zoonotic parasites were identified (i.e., Plagorchis muris, and Neobalantidium coli). The trematode P. muris represents the first report within South America. In addition, this report expands the geographical distribution range of echinocoelosis (Echinocoleus hydrochoeri). Overall, parasitological findings include two new host records (i.e., P. muris, and Entamoeba). The present findings collectively constitute baseline data for future monitoring of wildlife-derived anthropozoonotic parasites and call for future research on the health and the ecological impact of this largest semiaquatic rodent closely linked to humans, domestic and wild animals.

Rickettsial infection in free-ranging capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) and their ticks (Acari, Ixodidae) in the Caatinga and Atlantic forest biomes, Northeastern Brazil

2021 ◽  
pp. 100649
Author(s):  
Silvia Gabriela Nunes da Silva Yang ◽  
Dênisson da Silva e Souza ◽  
Ana Cláudia da Silva Santiago ◽  
Raizza Barros Sousa Silva ◽  
Márcia Almeida de Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Rickettsial Infection ◽  
Hydrochoerus Hydrochaeris ◽  
Free Ranging

Differences in natural antibody titres comparing free-ranging guanacos (Lama guanicoe) and capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris)

2014 ◽  
Vol 199 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea L. Racca ◽  
Ayelen T. Eberhardt ◽  
Pablo G. Moreno ◽  
Cecilia Baldi ◽  
Pablo M. Beldomenico
Keyword(s):  
Natural Antibody ◽  
Lama Guanicoe ◽  
Hydrochoerus Hydrochaeris ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Free Ranging
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