Aplicabilidade da toxina botulínica na Odontologia

A botulinum toxin (BT) was the first toxin used in the history of human medicine, it is a toxin used by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, which later isolated the demonstration used to solve some problems caused by musculature, because BT being applied to the muscle promotes a reduction in the force of contraction. Among the eight known serotypes of this toxin, those currently used in medicine are types A and B. This review article discusses mainly BT type A (BTA), because it is used in dentistry. Still within facial use, we can highlight the application in cases of gingival smile associated with muscle strength, without assistance in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders, without bruxism and orthodontics.

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In vitro and in vivo Assessment of Silver Nanoparticles Against Clostridium botulinum Type A Botulinum

Current Drug Discovery Technologies ◽

10.2174/1570163815666180403163946 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 113-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohammad Aminianfar ◽

Siavash Parvardeh ◽

Mohsen Soleimani

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Botulinum Toxin ◽

Clostridium Botulinum ◽

Lethal Dose ◽

Type A ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Laboratory Animals ◽

Control Group ◽

Nano Silver

Background: Clostridium botulinum causes botulism, a serious paralytic illness that results from the ingestion of a botulinum toxin. Because silver nanoparticle products exhibit strong antimicrobial activity, applications for silver nanoparticles in healthcare have expanded. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to assess a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of botulism toxicity using silver nanoparticles. Methods: A preliminary test was conducted using doses that produce illness in laboratory animals to determine the absolute lethal dose (LD100) of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) in mice. Next, the test animals were divided into six groups containing six mice each. Groups I, II and III were the negative control (botulinum toxin only), positive control-1 (nano-silver only) and positive control-2 (no treatment), respectively. The remaining groups were allocated to the toxin that was supplemented with three nano-silver treatments. Results: The mortality rates of mice caused by BoNT/A significantly reduced in the treatment groups with different doses and injection intervals of nano-silver when compared to the negative control group. BoNT/A toxicity induced by intraperitoneal injection of the toxin of Clostridium botulinum causes rapid death while when coupled with nano-osilver results in delayed death in mice. Conclusion: These results, while open to future improvement, represent a preliminary step towards the satisfactory control of BoNT/A with the use of silver nanoparticles for human protection against this bioterrorism threat. Further study in this area can elucidate the underlying mechanism for detoxifying BoNT/A by silver nanoparticles.

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Production of Botulinum Toxin in Inoculated Pack Studies of Foil-Wrapped Baked Potatoes

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-44.12.896 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 44 (12) ◽

pp. 896-898 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

H. SUGIYAMA ◽

MARGY WOODBURN ◽

K. H. YANG ◽

COLLEEN MOVROYDIS

Keyword(s):

Botulinum Toxin ◽

Clostridium Botulinum ◽

Aluminum Foil ◽

Type A ◽

Russet Burbank ◽

Inoculation Site ◽

Botulinum Type ◽

Lethal Doses ◽

Spore Inoculation

Idaho Russet Burbank potatoes were surface or stab inoculated with 10 to 105 spores of Clostridium botulinum type A strain, overwrapped in aluminum foil, baked at 204 C for 50 min or 96 C for 3 h and then held at 22 or 30 C. The shortest incubations resulting in the first botulinogenic potatoes were inversely related to spore doses and ranged from 3 to 7 days; potatoes inoculated with 10 spores were toxic after 5 to 7 days. Total toxin in individual potatoes incubated 3 to 5 days were 5 × 103 to 5 × 105 mouse mean lethal doses. Toxin was not found at distances greater than 1.6 cm from the spore inoculation site. Results indicate that left-over, foil-wrapped, baked potatoes are a perishable food that must be refrigerated.

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ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY FOR DETECTION OF CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM TOXIN TYPE A

Japanese Journal of Medical Science and Biology ◽

10.7883/yoken1952.31.81 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 81-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

SERV^|^Eacute; NOTERMANS ◽

JOHN DUFRENNE ◽

MIKE VAN SCHOTHORST

Keyword(s):

Botulinum Toxin ◽

Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Clostridium Botulinum ◽

Botulinum Toxin Type A ◽

Type A ◽

Botulinum Toxin Type ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay

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Failure of Clostridium botulinum to Grow in Fresh Mushrooms Packaged in Plastic Film Overwraps with Holes

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-41.5.348 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 41 (5) ◽

pp. 348-350 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

H. SUGIYAMA ◽

KANDEE S. RUTLEDGE

Keyword(s):

Botulinum Toxin ◽

Clostridium Botulinum ◽

Type A ◽

Plastic Film ◽

Type B ◽

Chloride Film

Fresh, commercially grown mushrooms were inoculated in the stem with Clostridium botulinum spores (2.5 × 104 of each of four type A with l × 105 of each of four type B strains). One lb (454 g) of mush-rooms. including two spore-inoculated ones. was packaged in paper-borad trays and overwrapped with a ploybinyl chloride film. The packages were incubated 6 days at 24–26 C after making one or two holes of 1/8 inch (3.175 mm) diameter in the overwrap of test packages. Botulinum toxin. either type A only or mixed with type B, was found in the spore-inoculated mushrooms of all 28 control packages (no hole), but was not detected in any from the 123 packages with one hole and the 4 7 with two holes. The O2% inside the packages after incubation averaged 1.5 for the controls. 4.0 for packages with one hole and 6.2 for the 2-hole package group.

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STUDIES ON THE ORAL TOXICITY OF CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM TOXIN, TYPE A

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology ◽

10.1139/o54-004 ◽

1954 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 27-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ivan W. Coleman

Keyword(s):

Botulinum Toxin ◽

Clostridium Botulinum ◽

Botulinum Toxin Type A ◽

Type A ◽

Botulinum Toxin Type ◽

Blood Stream ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Crude Preparation ◽

Spray Dried

Three aspects of the reported oral toxicity of Clostridium botulinum toxin, Type A, were investigated. No demonstrable migration of the crystalline toxin from the lumen of the intestine into the blood stream of the dog could be found. Evidence indicating that the crystalline toxin was inactivated by pepsin and chymotrypsin was obtained, but the toxin was found to be resistant to the action of trypsin. Comparison of the oral toxicity and the intraperitoneal toxicity of the crystalline toxin revealed that the product was not orally toxic. A spray-dried crude preparation of the toxin demonstrated a low oral toxicity.

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