scholarly journals Demokratický deficit v islámských zemích

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavla Vítová ◽  
Jaromír Harmáček
Keyword(s):  
Arab World ◽  
Economic Factor ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Development Programme ◽  
Democratic Deficit ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The World ◽  
Nations Development

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) identified in 2002 three fundamental areas of human development in which the Arab world lags behind the rest of the world. One of those specified areas was the lack of freedom and democracy. To investigate the presence of the democratic deficit, the study introduces a composite democracy index that measures and compares countries’ performances in the democratic domains. This paper aims to define and describe the democratic deficit in the context of the Islamic world, verify its existence in the Arab world, and determine its possible presence in other Muslim countries in various world regions. The study results showed that although the deficit was formulated almost twenty years ago, it is still relevant. It has been observed that Muslim countries performed, on average, worse on the index score than non-Muslim countries, which means that the Islamic countries face the democratic deficit. Moreover, the results showed that the performance of the Arab world in the democratic index is even worse than that of the other Muslim countries. The analysis additionally confirmed that the economic factor is important in verification of the deficit and its depth. On the level of individual countries, poor Muslim states often achieved the worst results, usually from the group of the least developed countries, such as Yemen, Somalia, Sudan, or Eritrea.

EMPOWERING WOMEN THROUGH ENTREPRENEURSHIP: ASPECTS AND APPROACHES

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
JAVED ALAM SHEIKH
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
World Population ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Map ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status

Almost 50 per cent of the world population is constituted by the women and they have been making substantial contribution to socio-economic development. But, unfortunately their tremendous contribution remains unrecognized and unnoticed in most of the developing and least developed countries causing the problem of poverty among them. Empowering women has become the key element in the development of an economy. With women moving forward, the family moves, the village moves and the nation moves. Hence, improving the status of women by way of their economic empowerment is highly called for. Entrepreneurship is a key tool for the economic empowerment of women around the world for alleviating poverty. Entrepreneurship is now widely recognized as a tool of economic development in India also. In this paper I have tried to discuss the reasons and role of Women Entrepreneurship with the help of Push and Pull factors. In the last I have also discussed the problems and the road map of Women Entrepreneurs development in India.

WTO SUCCESSOR TO GATT

1997 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-187
Author(s):  
Arif Sultan
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
European Economic Community ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Land Area ◽  
The North ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World ◽  
The Developed Countries

Within a short span of time a number of economic blocs have emergedon the world horizon. In this race, all countriedeveloped, developingand underdeveloped-are included. Members of the North America FreeTrade Agreement (NAITA) and the European Economic Community(EEC) are primarily of the developed countries, while the EconomicCooperation Organization (ECO) and the Association of South EastAsian Nations (ASEAN) are of the developing and underdevelopedAsian countries.The developed countries are scrambling to create hegemonies throughthe General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT). In these circumstances,economic cooperation among Muslim countries should be onthe top of their agenda.Muslim countries today constitute about one-third of the membershipof the United Nations. There are around 56 independentMuslim states with a population of around 800 million coveringabout 20 percent of the land area of the world. Stretchingbetween Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans, the Muslim Worldstraddles from North Africa to Indonesia, in two major Islamicblocs, they are concentrated in the heart of Africa to Indonesia,in two major blocs, they are concentrated in the heart of Africaand Asia and a smaller group in South and Southeast Asia.'GATT is a multilateral agreement on tariffs and trade establishing thecode of rules, regulations, and modalities regulating and operating internationaltrade. It also serves as a forum for discussions and negotiations ...

A Decade of the World Trade Organization and the Trade Performance of Muslim Countries

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-44
Author(s):  
Ruzita Mohd. Amin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Merchandise Trade ◽  
Wto Agreements

The World Trade Organization (WTO), established on 1 January 1995 as a successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), has played an important role in promoting global free trade. The implementation of its agreements, however, has not been smooth and easy. In fact this has been particularly difficult for developing countries, since they are expected to be on a level playing field with the developed countries. After more than a decade of existence, it is worth looking at the WTO’s impact on developing countries, particularly Muslim countries. This paper focuses mainly on the performance of merchandise trade of Muslim countries after they joined the WTO. I first analyze their participation in world merchandise trade and highlight their trade characteristics in general. This is then followed by a short discussion on the implications of WTO agreements on Muslim countries and some recommendations on how to face this challenge.

Forging Partnerships to Provide Computer Literacy in Swaziland

2008 ◽  
pp. 2394-2400
Author(s):  
C. M. Magagula
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Young Children ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Computer Literacy ◽  
Development Programme ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
The World ◽  
Nations Development ◽  
Global Population

The challenges facing the world, especially developing countries like Swaziland, are many and varied. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) estimates that over two billion people, out of a global population of six billion, do not have access to education. The majority of these people are found in developing countries. As many as 113 million children do not attend school. More than one billion people still live on less than US$1 a day and lack access to safe drinking water. More than two billion people in the world in developing countries in particular, lack sanitation. Every year, nearly 11 million young children die before their fifth birthday, mainly from preventable illnesses. The risk of dying in childbirth in developing countries is one in 48 (UNDP, 2003). In most developing countries, especially in remote areas, the situation is exacerbated by lack of electricity.

Human Rights, Poverty Reduction, Opportunities, and the Multinational Enterprise

2021 ◽  
pp. 887-908
Author(s):  
Scott A. Hipsher
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Multinational Enterprise ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right ◽  
Single Set

There is near universal agreement the human rights of all individuals should be respected. Yet in practice, there are differences of opinions over the universality and application of human rights in specific situations. Instead of advocating excessive scrutiny and regulation of human rights based on a single set of values, thus discouraging FDI in the least developed countries of the world; it is argued multinational enterprises can have the most positive impact on human rights by actively seeking out opportunities to operate in the areas of the world most affected by poverty. By concentrating on doing what the private sector does best, creating livelihood and purchasing options which individuals have the right to choose or reject, the private section can have a significant impact on creating wealth and reducing poverty.

scholarly journals Modern Conditions of Biodiversity Conservation in Russian Coal Mining Sector

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 02007
Author(s):  
Yury Manakov
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
Development Programme ◽  
Mining Sector ◽  
Global Environment Facility ◽  
World Community ◽  
The World ◽  
Nations Development ◽  
Mining Regions

Today biodiversity is the important factor of sustainable development of industry mining sector. The world community offers various guidences for business to biodiversity conservation, their cornerstone is the hierarchy of mitigation of negative impact “avoid-reduce-restore-offset”. Particular significance is payed to offset compensations. Russia was the participant of the international project under the guidance of the United Nations Development Programme and the Global Environment Facility since 2013. It was gained the positive experience in using of tools and practices of biodiversity conservation at the coal industry enterprises. Implementation tools of results of UNDP/GEF Project aren't still created. Biodiversity of the Kemerovo region and other mining regions is under the threat of destruction.

scholarly journals Development Aid - A Perspective on the Sustainability of World Bank Projects

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Dominik Schafer
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Project Delivery ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Asian Continent ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World

This paper focuses on the evaluation of the World Bank (WB) performance in delivering development aid to the Least Developed Countries (LDCs). For this purpose, an extensive research was performed to analyze a set of 790 Implementation Completion and Results reports for sustainability outcomes. Results of this research provide various insights on sustainability ratings of project delivery of the LDCs and the African and Asian continent, whereas overall satisfying sustainability ratings are disclosed.

scholarly journals The Challenge of Regional Economic Integration in Africa: Theory and Reality

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peace A. Jiboku
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Regional Economic Integration ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Integration Schemes ◽  
The World

Africa has a high concentration of sub-regional economic organisations, multilateral arrangements and institutions promoting the goals of integration. Yet, the continent has remained the least integrated of the world’s major regions. Africa has remained slow in its development trajectory and harbours most of the least developed countries of the world. A large percentage of the African populace is mired in poverty while the sub-continent continues to be marginalised in global affairs. The obvious reality is that Africa is yet to benefit fully from the gains of regional economic integration and that the economic transformation of the African continent as a whole – one of the main objectives often declared in establishing regional economic integration schemes – is yet to be realised. There is, in Africa, a seemingly wide gap between the theoretical aspirations towards regional economic integration and the empirical evidence and practical reality of actual integration. Regionalism in Africa raises several issues of contradictions and debate in the world <br />of theory. This paper examines regional economic integration challenge in Africa locating key issues within theory and practice.

scholarly journals Foreign Aid and Trade Capacity Development Recent Evidence from Uganda

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Alex Thomas Ijjo ◽  
Isaac M. B. Shinyekwa
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Capacity Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
External Trade ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Side Constraints ◽  
The World ◽  
Aid For Trade ◽  
World Development

Endemic supply side constraints including fluctuating output levels, deficient trade infrastructure, rampant non-tariff barriers and incapacity to ensure international quality standards continue to thwart the gainful participation of many Least Developed Countries (LDCs) in an increasingly liberal global trade environment. At its 2005 Hong Kong Ministerial Conference, the World Trade Organization launched its Aid for Trade (AFT) initiative aimed at coordinating global financial support for strengthening trade capacity in Least Developed Countries (LDCs). This paper examined the effect of foreign aid, particularly Official Development Assistance, on Uganda’s external trade and its AFT component in strengthening the country’s trade capacity. Using time series Error Correction Modelling and the World Bank’s World Development Indicators and official national statistics, the paper finds small but positive aid influence on Uganda’s exports and imports and generally close alignment between aid and national priorities. However, given general aid volatility but more especially following the anti-homosexuality legislation and gross corruption allegations in the case of Uganda, the paper advises that external aid be treated as a supplement rather than a substitute for domestic financial resource mobilization in trade capacity development.

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