Labour Law Under Stress: Some Thoughts on Covid-19 and the Future of the Labour Law

Even before the Covid-19 crisis, academics and policy analysts were becoming aware of the cumulative impact that are increasingly placing strains on the existing regulatory design of New Zealand’s labour market. These forces include decades of globlisation, increasing international migration flows, various manifestations of the digital and technological revolution, rapid growth of digital-Taylorism as a form of labour control, and perhaps the most devastating in the longer term, the potential impacts of climate change. It is increasingly recognised that these forces will have a significant long-term impact on labour markets, however, the Covid-19 crisis has shown how rapidly the world can change. This article outlines the (maybe) good, the (sometimes) bad, and then ugly of the Covid-19 pandemic and its economic consequences on New Zealand’s labour relations, labour architecture, and the future of labour law.

Download Full-text

Cultural Pluralism and the Future of American Unity: The Impact of Illegal Aliens

International Migration Review ◽

10.1177/019791838401800324 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 800-813

Author(s):

Lawrence H. Fuchs

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

Cultural Pluralism ◽

Illegal Migration ◽

Political Unity ◽

The Future ◽

Long Term Impact ◽

The Impact ◽

Special Notice

This essay explores the question of the impact of illegal migration on American unity and cultural pluralism in the United States. Assuming that over time the descendents of undocumented workers now in the United States will behave substantially like descendants of those who immigrate legally, the author concludes that the long-term impact of illegal migration barely will be noticeable provided it is reduced substantially in the future. The process of acculturation will work in the same way for both groups as it has for other ethnic groups in the past, given comparable levels of education and length of family residence in the United States. The author takes special notice of the illegal migration of Spanish-speaking workers and hypothesizes that the behavior of their descendants will not differ from the descendants of other immigrants, legal or illegal, in ways that disrupt fundamental patterns of American political unity and cultural pluralism.

Download Full-text

Social and Labour Relations During Economic Crisis: How to Balance the Interests

Journal of Russian Law ◽

10.12737/17229 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 0-0

Author(s):

Никита Лютов ◽

Nikita Lyutov

Keyword(s):

Human Resources Management ◽

Economic Effect ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Labour Law ◽

Labour Relations ◽

Knowledge Based ◽

Knowledge Based Economy ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Workforce Productivity

The article deals with the issues of dependence of flexible or rigid labour law norms and macroeconomic effectiveness. The conclusion is made that traditional neoliberal dogmas about negative effect of labour law norms on the economic effectiveness are not supported by the serious empirical proof. In contrary, modern researches show that the long-term positive economic effect of labour law norms may be found in such issues as diminishing the incomes gap, growing consumers’ demand, workforce productivity and creation of knowledge-based economy. The Russian labour law is considered to be not enough flexible in the issues of bureaucratic obligations of the employers towards the state in the human resources management matters. Those requirements should be alleviated without a real danger to harm the employees’ rights. In contrast, the regulation of relations between the employers and employees is considered to be overly flexible, contrary to the popular myths that it repeats the Soviet rigid labour law norms. The author claims that there is enough space to enhance the protection norms in the areas of social dialogue, minimum wages, working time, the regulation of labour relations within the groups of companies and in the number of other issues. All mentioned directions of law modification will not lead to the negative consequences to the economy, but would rather result in a better social stability and employers’ effectiveness in the time of macroeconomic crisis.

Download Full-text

Simulating the impact of future climate change on runoff processes in selected catchments of Slovakia

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-5074 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Roman Výleta ◽

Milica Aleksić ◽

Patrik Sleziak ◽

Kamila Hlavcova

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Climate Model ◽

Hydrological Cycle ◽

Future Climate Change ◽

Time Horizons ◽

The Future ◽

The Impact ◽

Impacts Of Climate Change

The future development of the runoff conditions, as a consequence of climate change, is of great interest for water managers. Information about the potential impacts of climate change on the hydrological regime is needed for long-term planning of water resources and flood protection.The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible impacts of climate change on the runoff regime in five selected catchments located in the territory of Slovakia. Changes in climatic characteristics (i.e., precipitation and air temperature) for future time horizons were prepared by a regional climate model KNMI using the A1B emission scenario. The selected climatic scenario predicts a general increase in air temperature and precipitation (higher in winter than in summer). For simulations of runoff under changed conditions, a lumped rainfall-runoff model (the TUW model) was used. This model belongs to a group of conceptual models and follows a structure of a widely used Swedish HBV model. The TUW model was calibrated for the period of 2011 &#8211; 2019. We assumed that this period would be similar (to recent/warmer climate) in terms of the average daily air temperatures and daily precipitation totals. The future changes in runoff due to climate change were evaluated by comparing the simulated long-term mean monthly runoff for the current state (1981-2010) and modelled scenarios in three time periods (2011-2040, 2041-2070, and 2071-2100). The results indicate that changes in the long-term runoff seasonality and extremality of hydrological cycle could be expected in the future. The runoff should increase in winter months compared to the reference period. This increase is probably related to a rise in temperature and anticipated snowmelt. Conversely, during the summer periods, a decrease in the long-term runoff could be assumed. According to modelling, these changes will be more pronounced in the later time horizons.It should be noted that the results of the simulation are dependent on the availability of the inputs, the hydrological/climate model used, the schematization of the simulated processes, etc. Therefore, they need to be interpreted with a sufficient degree of caution

Download Full-text

Editorial: The Long-term Impact of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Lessons From the Past and Directions for the Future

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.jaac.2021.12.007 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Emily A. Simonoff

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

The Past ◽

The Future ◽

Long Term Impact

Download Full-text

The future of labour law in Europe

European Labour Law Journal ◽

10.1177/2031952517743860 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 344-356 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Manfred Weiss

Keyword(s):

Labour Law ◽

Labour Relations ◽

Lecture Series ◽

Law Faculty ◽

The World ◽

Disciplinary Perspective ◽

The Future ◽

The Law ◽

International Comparative ◽

The University

This contribution contains the text of the first Roger Blanpain Lecture held at the Law Faculty of the University of Leuven on 8 May 2017. The Roger Blanpain Lecture Series aims to bring a renowned expert in the field of labour law and labour relations to the Law Faculty of the KU Leuven once per year. The idea is to stay close to the academic approach of professor Blanpain and the Institute for Labour Law, which implies the study of labour law from an international, comparative and cross-disciplinary perspective. The lecture aims to offer a ‘window to the world’ to our students and the Institute’s academic and professional partners as well as the wider public.

Download Full-text

Post-pandemic challenges for all ages in an ageing society

Quality in Ageing and Older Adults ◽

10.1108/qaoa-08-2021-0063 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Stephen Burke

Keyword(s):

Life Expectancy ◽

Older People ◽

Scenario Planning ◽

Ageing Society ◽

Content Type ◽

The Future ◽

Long Term Impact ◽

The Uk ◽

The Way

Purpose This paper aims to highlight lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic for planning for the future of our ageing society. It looks at trends, changes in our society and implications for people of all ages. It focusses on the importance of planning and whether COVID-19 will lead to long-term changes. Design/methodology/approach This paper draws on the author’s experiences running an intergenerational organisation during the pandemic and other work associated with ageing well. Findings This paper highlights some of the risks and unknowns we face going forwards and points to lessons and opportunities for “building back better”. Research limitations/implications This paper is based on a review of published articles and viewpoints. Practical implications The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged people of all ages in different ways, some of which have tested intergenerational solidarity. At the same time, the pandemic has raised issues which we must all address going forward: planning for future pandemics, planning for an ageing society and ensuring that future planning works for all generations. This paper explores all these themes in the light of lessons from COVID-19. Firstly, despite much risk assessment and scenario planning, we were not well placed in the UK or across the world to respond to the multiple challenges of COVID-19. Have we learned the lessons to be able to deal better with the inevitable pandemics that will follow in the future? It is also well documented that the pandemic has exacerbated existing inequalities in our society. What will the long-term impact be for longevity and will less healthy lives reverse the trend of increasing life expectancy? Secondly, what are the lessons for our ageing society? As life expectancy rises, what will the quality of life be like in those added years? Many of today’s babies can expect to have a 100-year life. What does that mean for the way we lead our lives and can we ensure that everyone can age well? Third, these are not just issues for older people, but for people of all ages and generations. The Covid-19 experience has been different for younger and older people – whether it has been health or job security, income, taxation or housing. Questions of intergenerational fairness have again raised their heads, alongside the longer term impact for future generations. Social implications Firstly, despite much risk assessment and scenario planning, we were not well placed in the UK or across the world to respond to the multiple challenges of COVID-19. Have we learned the lessons to be able to deal better with the inevitable pandemics that will follow in the future? It is also well documented that the pandemic has exacerbated existing inequalities in our society. What will the long-term impact be for longevity and will less healthy lives reverse the trend of increasing life expectancy? Secondly, what are the lessons for our ageing society? As life expectancy rises, what will the quality of life be like in those added years? Many of today’s babies can expect to have a 100-year life. What does that mean for the way we lead our lives and can we ensure that everyone can age well? Thirdly, these are not just issues for older people, but for people of all ages and generations. Measures that bring older and younger people together and encourage meaningful mixing will help increase understanding and awareness between generations. This has huge implications for our society and communities. Originality/value This paper reaches two main conclusions. Firstly, the well-known saying: “failing to plan is planning to fail”. This applies to all the issues discussed in this paper re future pandemics, our ageing society and future generations. Secondly, the experience of the COVID-19 pandemic should be the catalyst for changing the way we live and lead to new beginnings. We cannot just carry on as before.

Download Full-text

The Long Term Impact of Staying Put

Ageing and Society ◽

10.1017/s0144686x00000854 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 193-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Philip Leather ◽

Sheila Mackintosh

Keyword(s):

Older People ◽

Housing Conditions ◽

Care Needs ◽

Long Period ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Health Authorities ◽

The Future ◽

Long Term Impact ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACTStaying Put projects provide practical help to older home owners with the repair and improvement of their homes. A number of studies have examined the immediate impact of this help on the housing conditions experienced by older people and on their ability to remain living independently in the community, but the extent to which these benefits could last for a long period of time was not known. This paper describes the findings of a study which attempted to examine the longer-term impact of the Staying Put service. A sample of clients helped by Staying Put in the early 1980s were traced and interviewed in order to assess the impact of the assistance received and to examine their current and future housing and care needs. Although the study could not conclusively disentangle the impact of the Staying Put service from other factors influencing the ability of clients to live independently, it concluded that the help received was significant in improving housing conditions over a long period. The study made recommendations which aim to increase the effectiveness of Staying Put projects in the future, including the establishment of a target standard for the housing conditions of clients, the development of mechanisms for continuing contact with clients, and the provision of advice on moving on options where appropriate. More generally, however, the study concluded that more resources to fund services like Staying Put were required from government and from local and health authorities if they were to be more effective in helping clients to live independently.

Download Full-text

Trends in Labour Law — Forty Years of Israeli Law

Israel Law Review ◽

10.1017/s0021223700010153 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 24 (3-4) ◽

pp. 674-695

Author(s):

Frances Raday

Keyword(s):

Ad Hoc ◽

Alternative Methods ◽

Pragmatic Approach ◽

Labour Law ◽

Short Term ◽

Philosophical Approach ◽

Labour Relations ◽

The One ◽

The Cost

Two contradictory trends can be discerned in the development of labour law in Israel. On the one hand, there is the socio-philosophical approach which guided those who fashioned labour law in its early stages of development. This ideological, even doctrinaire, approach lay behind a long series of laws, especially between the years 1948-1964, and guided the Labour Courts since their establishment in 1969. The second trend, and one that is becoming more marked, is pragmatism. Especially since the early 1970s, labour laws have been characterized by pragmatism and by a retreat from the ideology-doctrinaire approach. The pragmatic approach is characterized by legislative and executive intervention in autonomous labour relations, by ad hoc decisions, and by a desire to achieve short-term, immediate economic and political objectives, even at the cost of harming important long-term principles. In some cases, it would have been possible to achieve these same objectives by alternative methods that would not have undermined the impressive structure of Israeli labour law principles.

Download Full-text