Thermal Optimization Potentials for NRU MPEI Facilities

Vestnik MEI ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Evgeniy G. Gasho ◽  
◽  
Kira D. Sergeeva ◽  
Roman R. Perepelitsa ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research University ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Maximum Heat ◽  
Facilities Location ◽  
Heat Metering ◽  
Climatic Characteristics

A set of activities on surveying the energy performance of eight large facilities of the National Research University Moscow Power Engineering Institute (NRU MPEI) was accomplished. In view of quite significant amounts of electricity and heat consumed by the NRU MPEI, a number of objectives were set forth on evaluating the NRU MPEI facilities’ general energy efficiency, analyzing the climatic characteristics of the facilities location places, revealing inefficient use of energy resources, and determining the priority areas for achieving a more efficient use of them. The current situation existing at each facility was examined, the thermal performance characteristics of the buildings were analyzed in general, the thermal parameters of enclosing structures were calculated, and energy balances were drawn up. With the aid of infrared imaging, losses were evaluated, and the places of maximum heat leaks in the cold season of a year were identified. The analytical survey was supplemented with field measurements of the necessary parameters of the buildings and heat carriers. An important feature of the study was that it involved evaluating the climatic characteristics of the facilities location places. Thus, a change in the design temperature and a considerable variation in humidity influence the condition of the structure. The number of temperature transitions through the zero degree point tends to grow. The alterations of frost to rain has an adverse effect on the condition of facilities. The analysis results have shown that the climatic characteristics that existed at the time the major part of the MPEI buildings were constructed have changed significantly over time. In the course of the study, a number of measures were developed and suggested that take into account the differences and characteristics of each building, as well as the state of their engineering systems. Since the engineering equipment items of the structures are in a different state, the energy saving measures for each of them are also different. Application of the comprehensive approach helps match the obtained data with the readings of water and heat metering instruments, and with the infrared images of enclosing structures. The selected technical measures are necessarily complemented by a set of measures to economically and morally stimulate the saving of all types of energy resources.

scholarly journals Selection of Heat Pump Capacity Used at Thermal Power Plants under Electricity Market Operating Conditions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Milana Treshcheva ◽  
Irina Anikina ◽  
Vitaly Sergeev ◽  
Sergey Skulkin ◽  
Dmitry Treshchev
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Maximum Heat

The percentage of heat pumps used in thermal power plants (TPPs) in the fuel and energy balance is extremely low in in most countries. One of the reasons for this is the lack of a systematic approach to selecting and justifying the circuit solutions and equipment capacity. This article aims to develop a new method of calculating the maximum capacity of heat pumps. The method proposed in the article has elements of marginal analysis. It takes into account the limitation of heat pump capacity by break-even operation at electric power market (compensation of fuel expenses, connected with electric power production). In this case, the heat pump’s maximum allowable capacity depends on the electric capacity of TPP, electricity consumption for own needs, specific consumption of conditional fuel for electricity production, a ratio of prices for energy resources, and a conversion factor of heat pump. For TPP based on combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) CCGT-450 with prices at the Russian energy resources markets at the level of 2019, when operating with the maximum heat load, the allowable heat pump capacity will be about 50 MW, and when operating with the minimum heat load—about 200 MW.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Photovoltaic Integrated Shading Devices (PVSDs) and Semi-Transparent Photovoltaic (STPV) Devices Retrofitted to a Prototype Office Building in a Hot Desert Climate

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 10145
Author(s):  
Abdelhakim Mesloub ◽  
Aritra Ghosh ◽  
Mabrouk Touahmia ◽  
Ghazy Abdullah Albaqawy ◽  
Emad Noaime ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Feature ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Visual Comfort ◽  
Extra Energy ◽  
Shading Devices ◽  
Parametric Analyses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Desert Climate

This paper presents the impact on energy performance and visual comfort of retrofitting photovoltaic integrated shading devices (PVSDs) to the façade of a prototype office building in a hot desert climate. EnergyPlus™ and the DIVA-for-Rhino© plug-ins were used to perform numerical simulations and parametric analyses examining the energy performance and visual comfort of five configurations, namely: (1) inclined single panel PVSDs, (2) unfilled eggcrate PVSDs, (3) a louvre PVSD of ten slats tilted 30° outward, (4) a louvre PVSD of five slats tilted 30° outward, and (5) an STPV module with 20% transparency which were then compared to a reference office building (ROB) model. The field measurements of an off-grid system at various tilt angles provided an optimum tilt angle of 30°. A 30° tilt was then integrated into some of the PVSD designs. The results revealed that the integration of PVSDs significantly improved overall energy performance and reduced glare. The unfilled eggcrate PVSD did not only have the highest conversion efficiency at ȵ 20% but generated extra energy as well; an essential feature in the hot desert climate of Saudi Arabia.

scholarly journals Airtightness Analysis of the Built Heritage–Field Measurements of Nineteenth Century Buildings through Blower Door Tests

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 6727
Author(s):  
Alexander Martín-Garín ◽  
José Antonio Millán-García ◽  
Juan María Hidalgo-Betanzos ◽  
Rufino Javier Hernández-Minguillón ◽  
Abderrahmane Baïri
Keyword(s):  
Performance Studies ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
Change Rate ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
Air Change Rate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Energy Behaviour

Airtightness is a major issue in architectural design and it has a significant impact on the energy performance of buildings. Moreover, the energy behaviour of built heritage is due, to its singular characteristics, still a great unknown. The aim of this study is to establish a better knowledge of the airtightness of historical buildings, based on an in depth field study using blower-door tests. A set of 37 enclosures were analyzed inside eight buildings located in historical areas of a Spanish city with a significant built heritage. They were constructed between 1882 and 1919 and include diverse construction typologies applied for many building uses such as residential, cultural, educational, administrative and emblematic. The results indicate lower values compared to other previous airtightness studies of historical buildings. The average air change rate was found to be n50 = 9.03 h−1 and the airtightness of the enclosures presented a wide range of between 0.68 and 37.12 h−1. Three main levels of airtightness were identified with two thirds of the tested samples belonging to the intermediate level between 3–20 h−1. To conclude, several correlations have been developed which provide a method to estimate air leakage and could serve as a basis for energy performance studies of these kinds of building.

Simulated Radiance Profiles for Automating the Interpretation of Airborne Passive Multi-Spectral Infrared Images

2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 1049-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf Sulub ◽  
Gary W. Small
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Piecewise Linear ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Optical Filters ◽  
Pure Component ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Pattern Recognition Methods ◽  
Line Scanner

Methodology is developed for simulating the radiance profiles acquired from airborne passive multispectral infrared imaging measurements of ground sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The simulation model allows the superposition of pure-component laboratory spectra of VOCs onto spectral backgrounds that simulate those acquired during field measurements conducted with a downward-looking infrared line scanner mounted on an aircraft flying at an altitude of 2000–3000 ft (approximately 600–900 m). Wavelength selectivity in the line scanner is accomplished through the use of a multichannel Hg:Cd:Te detector with up to 16 integrated optical filters. These filters allow the detection of absorption and emission signatures of VOCs superimposed on the upwelling infrared background radiance within the instrumental field of view (FOV). By combining simulated radiance profiles containing analyte signatures with field-collected background signatures, supervised pattern recognition methods can be employed to train automated classifiers for use in detecting the signatures of VOCs during field measurements. The targeted application for this methodology is the use of the imaging system to detect releases of VOCs during emergency response scenarios. In the work described here, the simulation model is combined with piecewise linear discriminant analysis to build automated classifiers for detecting ethanol and methanol. Field data collected during controlled releases of ethanol, as well as during a methanol release from an industrial facility, are used to evaluate the methodology.

Energy Efficiency in Buildings: Think Pyramids

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Essam E. Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
National Development ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Legal Standards

The developing communities in their path for rapid development is endeavoring to make all necessary and appropriate measures to enhance the efficiency of energy utilization and increase the beneficiation of the energy resources. The energy production, transmission, distribution and utilization efficiency becomes a vital factor and measure of national development. Governmental organizations were established earlier to be responsible for energy planning and efficient utilization, information dissemination and capacity building as well as devising the necessary codes and standards. Throughout the Nation, energy resources are widely used and consumption rates are in general exceeding the International accepted values. Energy rationalization and audit exercises were developed and monitored by Governmental Authorities, Universities and Research centers through the past two decades with a definitive positive energy reduction and beneficiation. The development of the relevant codes for Residential and Commercial Energy Efficiency in buildings is underway through the governmental bodies responsible for the research and development in the building Technology sector and is the umbrella under which the National and Unified Arab Codes are developed and issued. A proposed new Energy Performance in Buildings Directive (EPBD) would fulfill the following main targets of energy performance directive: 1. “Legestilative authorities shall ensure that, when buildings are constructed, sold or rented out, an energy performance certificate is made available to the owner or by the owner to the prospective buyer or tenant, as the case might be. … 2. The energy performance certificate for buildings shall include reference values such as currant legal standards and benchmarks in order to make it possible for consumers to compare and assess the energy performance of the building. The certificate shall be accompanied by recommendations for cost-effective improvement of the energy performance…” The following steps shall be required for the energy certification: 1. Develop methodologies for energy declaration of the buildings. 2. Develop reference values (key numbers) and /or systems for benchmarking. 3. Provide a labeling system for selected buildings. 4. Describe an energy signature for the building.

scholarly journals Numerical and Experimental Investigations of Composite Solar Walls Integrating Sensible or Latent Heat Thermal Storage

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enghok Leang ◽  
Pierre Tittelein ◽  
Laurent Zalewski ◽  
Stéphane Lassue
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Storage Element ◽  
Storage Wall ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Solar Wall

This article studies a composite solar wall with latent storage (TES) designed to heat rooms inside buildings during the cold season. No numerical model of the composite solar wall is currently available in the Dymola/Modelica software library. The first objective of this work is to develop one such model. The article describes the elementary components, along with the equations that allow modeling the heat transfers and storage phenomena governing both the thermal behavior and performance of the solar wall. This model was built by assembling various existing basic elements from the software’s “Building” library (e.g., models of heat transfer by convection, radiation and conduction) and then creating new elements, such as the storage element incorporating the phase change material (PCM). To validate this solar wall model, numerical results are compared to experimental data stemming from a small-scale composite solar wall manufactured in our laboratory, and the experimental set-up could be tested under real weather conditions. After verifying the level of confidence in the model, the energy performance of two solar walls, one with a conventional storage wall (sensible heat storage) the other containing a PCM (the same as in the experiment), are compared. The result indicates that the solar wall incorporating a PCM does not in this case release any more energy in the room to be heated.

scholarly journals Dew point temperature analyses in ground floor residential room with existing thermal bridge

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 01017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Field Measurements ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Point Temperature ◽  
Ground Floor ◽  
Dew Point Temperature ◽  
Thermal Bridge ◽  
Infrared Thermal Images

The presented study reveals a dew point temperature analyses in ground floor residential room with existing thermal bridge. The dew point temperature is analysed, based on field measurements of indoor air temperature and relative humidity in the residential room, without organized occupants’ behaviour. Furthermore, the dew point temperature is cross-analysed with existing thermal bridge propagation in one of the outer walls of the room, via infrared thermal images. The results represent a valuable indicator for moisture accumulation over the thermal bridge zone, as well as an indicator for future mold growth and other humidity related problems. In the building design practice, the “thermal bridge” is defined as a distant zone, where construction elements have higher thermal conductivity, compared with the rest of the building envelope. These thermal bridges mostly affect the energy performance of the buildings, because of the higher heat losses from inside towards outside. But even more important, moisture build-up and considerable humidity related problems in the occupied areas are probable, due to the decreased surface temperature over the affected thermal zones.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Effect of Cover Materials on Greenhouse Microclimates and Thermal Performance

Agronomy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Hyung-Kweon Kim ◽  
Si-Young Lee ◽  
Jin-Kyung Kwon ◽  
Yong-Hyeon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Maximum Heat ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Maximum Heat Transfer ◽  
Load Leveling

This study compared and analyzed changes in the microclimate and thermal environment inside single-span greenhouses covered with a single layer of plastic film, polycarbonate (PC), and glass. The results of the experiment show that the PC-covered greenhouse was the most favorable for managing the nighttime heating effect during the cold season. However, the glass-covered greenhouse was found to be the most favorable for managing the cooling effect during the hot season. Although the plastic-covered greenhouse was inexpensive and easy to install, the air temperature inside varied significantly, and it was difficult to control its indoor environment. The thermal load leveling values showed that the PC-covered greenhouse had the lowest variation, confirming its superiority in terms of environmental control and energy savings. In terms of the overall heat transfer, heat was generally transferred from the interior to the exterior of the greenhouses. In the plastic-covered greenhouse, however, heat was transferred in the opposite direction at night due to the influence of radiant cooling. The occurrence of the minimum and maximum heat transfer values had a tendency similar to that of the occurrence of the minimum and maximum air temperatures inside the greenhouses.

scholarly journals Improved ELMv1-ECA simulations of zero-curtain periods and cold-season CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions at Alaskan Arctic tundra sites

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 5281-5307
Author(s):  
Jing Tao ◽  
Qing Zhu ◽  
William J. Riley ◽  
Rebecca B. Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Arctic Tundra ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Environmental Controls ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract. Field measurements have shown that cold-season methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions contribute a substantial portion to the annual net carbon emissions in permafrost regions. However, most earth system land models do not accurately reproduce cold-season CH4 and CO2 emissions, especially over the shoulder (i.e., thawing and freezing) seasons. Here we use the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) land model version 1 (ELMv1-ECA) to tackle this challenge and fill the knowledge gap of how cold-season CH4 and CO2 emissions contribute to the annual totals at Alaska Arctic tundra sites. Specifically, we improved the ELMv1-ECA soil water phase-change scheme, environmental controls on microbial activity, and the methane module. Results demonstrate that both soil temperature and the duration of zero-curtain periods (i.e., the fall period when soil temperatures linger around 0 ∘C) simulated by the updated ELMv1-ECA were greatly improved; e.g., the mean absolute error (MAE) in zero-curtain durations at 12 cm depth was reduced by 62 % on average. Furthermore, the MAEs of simulated cold-season carbon emissions at three tundra sites were improved by 72 % and 70 % on average for CH4 and CO2, respectively. Overall, CH4 emitted during the early cold season (September and October), which often includes most of the zero-curtain period in Arctic tundra, accounted for more than 50 % of the total emissions throughout the entire cold season (September to May) in the model, compared with around 49.4 % (43 %–58 %) in observations. From 1950 to 2017, both CO2 emissions during the zero-curtain period and during the entire cold season showed increasing trends, for example, of 0.17 and 0.36 gC m−2 yr−1 at Atqasuk. This study highlights the importance of zero-curtain periods in facilitating cold-season CH4 and CO2 emissions from tundra ecosystems.

An International Outlook of Innovative Energy Efficient Designs of Low Carbon Buildings

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Essam E. Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
National Development ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Legal Standards

The Developing communities in their path for rapid development is endeavoring to make all necessary and appropriate measures to enhance the efficiency of energy utilization and increase the beneficiation of the energy resources. The energy production, transmission, distribution and utilization efficiency becomes a vital factor and measure of national development. Governmental organizations were established earlier to be responsible for energy planning and efficient utilization, information dissemination and capacity building as well as devising the necessary codes and standards. Throughout the Nation Energy resources are widely used and consumption rates are in general exceeding the International accepted values. Energy rationalization and audit exercises were developed and monitored by Governmental authorities, Universities and Research centers through the past two decades with a definitive positive energy reduction and beneficiation. The development of the relevant codes for Residential and Commercial Energy Efficiency in Building is underway through the governmental bodies responsible for the research and development in the building Technology sector and is the umbrella under which the National and Unified Arab Codes are developed and issued. A proposed new Energy Performance in Buildings Directive based on relevant ISO, ASHRAE and LEED would be beneficial to practitioners to meet the following targets of Energy Performance Directive: 1. “Legestilative authorities shall ensure that, when buildings are constructed, sold or rented out, an energy performance certificate should be made available to the owner. 2. The energy performance certificate for buildings shall include reference values such as currant legal standards and benchmarks in order to make it possible for consumers to compare and assess the energy performance of the building. The certificate shall be accompanied by recommendations for cost-effective improvement of the energy performance…”.Ultimately a unique energy standard is sought for Middle East region to harness the energy consumption. This can be achieved by developing methodologies for energy declaration of the buildings and to provide a labeling system and energy signature for selected buildings.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document