Song Gede: Situs Gua Hunian Sejak Masa Pleistosen Akhir di Pulau Nusa Penida, Bali

Prehistoric archaeological research in Indonesia recently showed the existence of dwelling caves from the late Pleistocene, starting from Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi to East Nusa Tenggara. The Song Gede site is one of the dwelling caves from the late Pleistocene which was very interesting to be discused, especially when tracing the distribution of early modern humans in Southeast Asia. The location of the Song Gede site is considered to have a very strategic position because it was located at the eastern end of the Sunda Shelf towards Wallacea. The purpose of this paper is to study the chronology of the Song Gede Site and review the results of research at the Song Gede Site as an ocupation site that is on the migration route in the southern part of the Sunda Shelf to the Wallacea region or vice versa. The research method used was stratigraphic analysis, contextual and carbon dating methods. The results showed that the Song Gede Site has been inhabited since the late Pleistocene to the Holocene. The human living in the cave uses various natural resources to meet their daily needs, such as the use of rock materials, and the rest of the animal remains for tools and the use of animal and plants to fulfill their daily consumption.

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Hunter–gatherer subsistence at the end of the Pleistocene: preliminary results from Picareiro Cave, Central Portugal

Antiquity ◽

10.1017/s0003598x00059834 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 74 (285) ◽

pp. 500-506 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Nuno Ferreira Bicho ◽

Bryan Hockett ◽

Jonathan Haws ◽

William Belcher

Keyword(s):

Late Pleistocene ◽

Hunter Gatherers ◽

Preliminary Results ◽

Animal Remains ◽

Central Portugal ◽

Preliminary Study

Excavation at the site of Picareiro Cave in Portugal provides an important and rare sample of animal remains. Preliminary study shows that late Pleistocene hunter–gatherers hunted rabbits, deer and a wide variety of fauna, perhaps during seasonal occupation of the cave.

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Environmental context for the Late Pleistocene (MIS 3) transition from Neanderthals to early Modern Humans: Analysis of small mammals from La Güelga Cave, Asturias, northern Spain

Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology ◽

10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.110096 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 562 ◽

pp. 110096

Author(s):

Adrián Álvarez-Vena ◽

Diego J. Álvarez-Lao ◽

César Laplana ◽

José M. Quesada ◽

Julio Rojo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Modern ◽

Late Pleistocene ◽

Small Mammals ◽

Environmental Context ◽

Northern Spain ◽

Modern Humans ◽

Mis 3 ◽

Early Modern Humans

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Mammoths, Deer, and a Dog: Fossil and (Sub) Recent Allochthonous Remains from the Northeastern Croatia (Podravina Region), with the First Radiocarbon Dating of the Croatian Woolly Mammoths (Mammuthus primigenius)

Quaternary ◽

10.3390/quat1020011 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jadranka Mauch Lenardić ◽

Siniša Radović ◽

Ankica Oros Sršen ◽

Nada Horvatinčić ◽

Petar Kostešić ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Late Pleistocene ◽

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Red Deer ◽

Pannonian Basin ◽

Canis Familiaris ◽

Mammuthus Primigenius ◽

Maxillary Bone ◽

Fluvial Deposits ◽

Animal Remains ◽

Woolly Mammoth

Eight anatomically and taxonomically different finds are presented in this paper, and they belong to four taxa: woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius), giant deer (Megaloceros giganteus), red deer (Cervus elaphus), and dog (Canis familiaris). All specimens represent allochthonous Late Pleistocene and Holocene animal remains, and all were dredged during the gravel exploitation at the Sekuline site near Molve (Podravina region, SW Pannonian basin, NE Croatia). Mammoth remains (bone and tusk fragments) were radiocarbon dated, and these are the first absolute dates on mammoths in Croatia. One upper last left deciduous premolar (dP4 sin.) also belongs to the same species. Ascribed to a dog is one well-preserved skull with a peculiar abscess scar on the maxillary bone as the result of an inflammatory process on the carnassial (P4) premolar. The Late Pleistocene cervid remains are giant deer, while the other cervid finds were determined to be red deer of the Holocene age. Morphometrical and taphonomical data are presented for each specimen. Such fossil and recent bone/tooth aggregates are characteristic of fluvial deposits and selective collecting. Although lacking stratigraphic provenance, these finds help to fulfil the gaps in palaeoenvironmental, palaeoecological, and palaeoclimate reconstructions of Podravina and its neighbouring areas.

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Abstract: Ultra-high resolution seismic stratigraphic analysis of a late Pleistocene-Holocene forced regressive shoreline complex, Finnmark, Norway, using ground-penetrating radar

AAPG Bulletin ◽

10.1306/c9ebdec7-1735-11d7-8645000102c1865d ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 84 (2000) ◽

Author(s):

Ole J. Martinsen1, Ian Sharp1, Stur

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Late Pleistocene ◽

Ground Penetrating Radar ◽

Stratigraphic Analysis ◽

Ground Penetrating

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Pleistocene Images outside Europe.

Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society ◽

10.1017/s0079497x00004904 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 57 (01) ◽

pp. 91-102 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Paul G. Bahn

Keyword(s):

Late Pleistocene ◽

Ice Age ◽

Central Basin ◽

Human Beings ◽

Artistic Activity ◽

Wide Range ◽

Dating Methods ◽

The World ◽

Widespread Phenomenon ◽

Different Parts

At first sight it may seem a pointless exercise to produce a survey of late Pleistocene ‘artistic activity’ around the world, but there are two specific aims involved here: first, to show that human beings in different parts of the world were producing ‘art’ at roughly the same time, i.e. from about 40,000 BC onward, and particularly at the end of the Pleistocene, from about 12,0000 BC, and second, to show that the well known Ice Age art of Europe is no longer unique, but part of a far more widespread phenomenon (Bahn 1987; Bahn and Vertut 1988, 26–32). The European art remains supreme in its quantity and its ‘quality’ (i.e. its realism and its wide range of techniques), but that situation may well alter in the next decade or two as new discoveries are made elsewhere and new dating methods are refined and extended.Ironically, the first clue to Pleistocene art outside Europe was found as long ago as 1870, only a few years after Edouard Lartet's and Henry Christy's discoveries in southern France were authenticated. Unfortunately, the object in question was badly published, and dis-appeared from 1895 until its rediscovery in 1956, and consequently very few works on Pleistocene art mention it. This mineralized sacrum of an extinct fossil camelid was found at Tequixquiac in the northern part of the central basin of Mexico. The bone is carved and engraved (two nostrils have been cut into the end) so as to represent the head of a pig-like or dog-like animal (pl. 18a). The circumstances of its discovery are unclear, but it is thought to be from a late Pleistocene bone bed, and to be at least 11,000 or 12,000 years old (Aveleyra 1965; Messmacher 1981,94). At present it is on exhibit in Mexico's National Museum of Anthropology.

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Unconventional Methods in Voynich Manuscript Analysis

MENDEL ◽

10.13164/mendel.2019.1.001 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ivan Zelinka ◽

Oldrich Zmeskal ◽

Leah Windsor ◽

Zhiqiang Cai

Keyword(s):

Natural Language ◽

Writing System ◽

Writing Systems ◽

Carbon Dating ◽

15Th Century ◽

Dating Methods ◽

Unconventional Methods

This paper discusses the possible use of unconventional algorithms on analysis and categorization of the unknown text, including documents written in unknown languages. Scholars have identied about ten famous manuscripts, mostly encrypted or written in the unknown language. The most famous is the Voynich manuscript, an illustrated codex hand-written in an unknown language or writing system. Using carbon-dating methods, the researchers determined its age as the early 15th century (between 1404-1438). Many professional and amateur cryptographers have studied the Voynich manuscript, and none has deciphered its meaning as yet, including American and British code-breakers and cryptologists. While there exist many hypotheses about the meaning and structure of the document, they have yet to be conrmed empirically. In this paper, we discuss two dierent kinds of unconventional approaches for how to handle manuscripts with unidentied writing systems and determine whether its properties are characterized by a natural language, or is only historical fake text.

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Industri Alat Mikrolit di Situs Balang Metti: Teknologi Toala Akhir dan Kontak Budaya di Dataran Tinggi Sulawesi Selatan

AMERTA ◽

10.24832/amt.v35i2.315 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 93

Author(s):

Suryatman Suryatman ◽

Budianto Hakim ◽

Afdalah Harris

Keyword(s):

Early Modern ◽

Research Methods ◽

Late Pleistocene ◽

Late Holocene ◽

Raw Material ◽

Cultural Contact ◽

South Sulawesi ◽

Material Sources ◽

Early Modern Humans ◽

Out Of Africa

Abstract. The Microlith Tool Industry at Balang Metti Site: Late Toalean Technology and Cultural Contact in the Highlands of South Sulawesi.The presence and distribution of microlith tools in Africa, Europe, and Asia have often been debated by prehistorians. The technology was brought by Early Modern Humans out of Africa to some areas of Europe and Asia during the Late Pleistocene. In South Sulawesi, it exists from the Middle to Late Holocene and is classed as part of the ‘Toalean’ culture. Excavations at Balang Metti site revealed a layer of microlith tools representing an industry that occurred for no more than 3,500 years ago. This is remarkable as the site is located in the highlands, whereas all previously known Toalean occupation sites are dispersed throughout the lowlands of South Sulawesi. The purpose of our research is to explain this microlith technology, especially the implication of its cultural contact, which occurred up to the highlands. Research methods done by classified, counted, and measured all lithic artefacts from excavation. The results show that the early stages of flaking (reduction) occurred not only in the cave but also out of the site, possibly close to the raw material sources. Abstrak.Kehadiran dan persebaran alat mikrolit di Afrika, Eropa, dan Asia telah diperdebatkan oleh kalangan peneliti prasejarah. Peralatan tersebut dibawa oleh manusia modern awal keluar dari Afrika ke beberapa wilayah Eropa dan Asia pada akhir Pleistosen. Di Sulawesi Selatan peralatan ini baru muncul pada pertengahan hingga akhir Holosen dan digolongkan sebagai bagian dari budaya Toalean. Penggalian di Situs Balang Metti menunjukkan lapisan budaya industri alat mikrolit berumur tidak lebih dari 3.500 tahun. Permasalahannya adalah situs tersebut berada di wilayah dataran tinggi, yang sebelumnya situs-situs hunian Toalean hanya ditemukan tersebar di wilayah dataran rendah Sulawesi Selatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan teknologi alat mikrolit dan implikasi kontak budaya yang terjadi hingga di dataran tinggi Sulawesi Selatan. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan mengklasifikasi, menghitung, dan mengukur semua artefak batu dari penggalian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses penyerpihan tidak hanya dilakukan di dalam gua, tetapi juga di luar gua yang mungkin tidak jauh dari lokasi pengambilan bahan.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Out of Africa and into an ice age: on the role of global climate change in the late Pleistocene migration of early modern humans out of Africa.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1267956.735054 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Barry Brook ◽

Lochran Traill

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Early Modern ◽

Late Pleistocene ◽

Global Climate Change ◽

Global Climate ◽

Ice Age ◽

Modern Humans ◽

Early Modern Humans ◽

Out Of Africa

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Acheulian and Tephra from Upland Western Maharashtra, (Deccan Volcanic Province), Peninsular India

Geological Society London Special Publications ◽

10.1144/sp515-2020-208 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. SP515-2020-208

Author(s):

Sushama G. Deo ◽

Andre Baptista ◽

Sharad N. Rajaguru

Keyword(s):

Late Pleistocene ◽

High Energy ◽

Early Pleistocene ◽

Deccan Volcanic Province ◽

Peninsular India ◽

Volcanic Province ◽

Dating Methods ◽

Tephra Deposit ◽

Minimum Age ◽

Technological Analysis

AbstractThe two Early Acheulian sites of Bori and Morgaon from the Deccan Volcanic Province in Upland Maharashtra, India bear some association with an acidic tephra deposit in a fluvial context. Acheulian artefacts in association with tephra were first reported in India from the site of Bori and numerous efforts to date this tephra have since been undertaken. These efforts employed various dating methods and produced a total of 10 absolute dates ranging from the Early Pleistocene with a maximum age of 1.4 ma to the Late Pleistocene with a minimum age of 23.4 ± 2.4 ka. However, field observations and a typo-technological analysis strongly suggests that these Early Acheulian artefacts occur in a semi-primary context and thus contest the Late Pleistocene age of the tephra and re-deposition of the artefacts as argued by some scholars.At Morgaon, the Acheulian artefacts have been recovered from basal fluvial sediments that contain clasts of laterite. These sediments are capped by two low energy clay facies that are separated by a high energy gravel lense. The tephra at Morgaon has been reported from the upper clay facies and has produced absolute dates ranging from the Matuyama period (> 0.78 ma) to the Late Pleistocene (41 ka).After more than two decades of investigation at these sites, the number of absolute dates procured through methods such as ESR, 39Ar-40Ar, U-Th and Palaeo-magnetism though encouraging, are inconclusive. The present communication is therefore an attempt to gauge the nature of palaeo-landscapes that most probably existed during the Early Quaternary. This will be achieved by studying local geomorphological variability between the two sites along with a preliminary analysis of lithic morphology.

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