scholarly journals Industri Alat Mikrolit di Situs Balang Metti: Teknologi Toala Akhir dan Kontak Budaya di Dataran Tinggi Sulawesi Selatan

AMERTA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Suryatman Suryatman ◽  
Budianto Hakim ◽  
Afdalah Harris
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cultural Contact ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Material Sources ◽  
Early Modern Humans ◽  
Out Of Africa

Abstract. The Microlith Tool Industry at Balang Metti Site: Late Toalean Technology and Cultural Contact in the Highlands of South Sulawesi.The presence and distribution of microlith tools in Africa, Europe, and Asia have often been debated by prehistorians. The technology was brought by Early Modern Humans out of Africa to some areas of Europe and Asia during the Late Pleistocene. In South Sulawesi, it exists from the Middle to Late Holocene and is classed as part of the ‘Toalean’ culture. Excavations at Balang Metti site revealed a layer of microlith tools representing an industry that occurred for no more than 3,500 years ago. This is remarkable as the site is located in the highlands, whereas all previously known Toalean occupation sites are dispersed throughout the lowlands of South Sulawesi. The purpose of our research is to explain this microlith technology, especially the implication of its cultural contact, which occurred up to the highlands. Research methods done by classified, counted, and measured all lithic artefacts from excavation. The results show that the early stages of flaking (reduction) occurred not only in the cave but also out of the site, possibly close to the raw material sources. Abstrak.Kehadiran dan persebaran alat mikrolit di Afrika, Eropa, dan Asia telah diperdebatkan oleh kalangan peneliti prasejarah. Peralatan tersebut dibawa oleh manusia modern awal keluar dari Afrika ke beberapa wilayah Eropa dan Asia pada akhir Pleistosen. Di Sulawesi Selatan peralatan ini baru muncul pada pertengahan hingga akhir Holosen dan digolongkan sebagai bagian dari budaya Toalean. Penggalian di Situs Balang Metti menunjukkan lapisan budaya industri alat mikrolit berumur tidak lebih dari 3.500 tahun. Permasalahannya adalah situs tersebut berada di wilayah dataran tinggi, yang sebelumnya situs-situs hunian Toalean hanya ditemukan tersebar di wilayah dataran rendah Sulawesi Selatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan teknologi alat mikrolit dan implikasi kontak budaya yang terjadi hingga di dataran tinggi Sulawesi Selatan. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan mengklasifikasi, menghitung, dan mengukur semua artefak batu dari penggalian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses penyerpihan tidak hanya dilakukan di dalam gua, tetapi juga di luar gua yang mungkin tidak jauh dari lokasi pengambilan bahan.

scholarly journals Geoconservation of Vertebrate and Human Ancient Fossils Site, The South TulungagungArea East Java

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Erick Setiyabudi ◽  
Agus Trihascaryo ◽  
Tutik Koesbarditi ◽  
Rusyad Adi Suriyanto ◽  
Delta Bayu Murti
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Geological Heritage ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
The Past ◽  
Early Modern Humans ◽  
Past Life ◽  
Fossil Site ◽  
And Migration

The paleontology and archeology sites in southern Tulungagung, East Java are part of the geodiversity and geological heritage that has significance for the process of evolution and migration of early modern humans. The sites are Wajak Cave, Song Gentong, and Tenggar Cave (Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene) located in the marble and limestone ornaments mining area of the Campurdarat Formation. Geoconservation of the geological heritage continues to be carried out by research or excavation in these fossil sites to reveal the past life and paleoenvironment, where the fossil site is susceptible to the threat of damage due to surrounded mining activities.Keyword: Wajak Cave, Song Gentong, Tenggar Cave, limestone, marble, Campurdarat Formation.

Shell Middens and Seashores

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonieta Jerardino
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
Modern Humans ◽  
Early Modern Humans ◽  
Coastal Adaptations ◽  
Out Of Africa ◽  
Middle And Late Pleistocene ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Studies on Middle and Late Pleistocene hominin dietary adaptations have argued that aquatic foods played a key role during this evolutionary process. This chapter presents a summary account on the use and significance of marine resources, particularly shellfish, for early modern humans in southern Africa during oxygen isotope stages (OIS) 6–4. The methods used to identify, quantify, and compare archaeomalacological assemblages in South Africa and beyond, their drawbacks, as well as palaeoenvironmental, taphonomical and foraging considerations necessary to evaluate these data are discussed. The significance of diet broadening in the context of emerging modern humans about 160 ka and their exit out of Africa ~80–60 ka is reflected upon in the light of coastal adaptations by other early hominins groups elsewhere, such as Neanderthals in the Mediterranean Basin. The implications of longer residential permanence and higher population densities generally possible near productive shorelines are also examined.

scholarly journals USE OF SEQUENCING METHODS FOR SPECIES IDENTIFICATION EXEMPLIFIED BY PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN GENUS HEDYSARUM L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 506-518
Author(s):  
D. R. Imachueva ◽  
F. K. Serebryanaya ◽  
E. M. Machs ◽  
V. V. Kotseruba
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
The North ◽  
Material Sources ◽  
5.8S Rrna

At the moment, a relevant objective in pharmacognosy, is the use of all kinds of the DNA analysis methods for identifying plant materials, detecting counterfeits, genetically modified crops and products.The aim of the research is to study the possibility of using molecular genetic research methods in the analysis of the genus Hedysarum L., for the identification of medicinal plant materials. This article presents the results of the application of molecular genetic research methods in the analysis of the genus Hedysarum L. in the flora of the North Caucasus.Materials and methods. The study material was the samples of the genus Hedysarum L. species collected in the North Caucasus: Hedysarum caucasicum M. Bieb. (in the fruiting phase in the territory of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic); Hedysarum grandiflorum Pall. (in the fruiting phase in the Volgograd region); Hedysarum daghestanicum Rupr. ex Boiss. (in the flowering phase in the Republic of Dagestan).  Sequencing of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 marker region of gene 5.8S by the RNA ribosome was carried out according to the Sanger method on the AbiPrism 3130 genetic analyzer at the laboratory of biosystematics and cytology of Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences.Results. Based on a comparative study of the marker region of the nuclear ribosomal gene 5.8S rRNA, marker nucleotide substitutions of Hedysarum caucasicum M. Bieb., Hedysarum daghestanicum Rupr. ex Boiss., Hedysarum grandiflorum Pall, have been identified. The most probable secondary structure of 5.8S rRNA has been constructed. It has been shown that based on the analysis performed, it is possible to predict additional raw material sources of mangiferin and other groups of xanthones using the molecular data exemplified by the Obscura section.Conclusion. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that the morphological classification of the genus Hedysarum L. can be confirmed within the Obscura section.

Climatic window for the “Out of Africa” exodus of early modern humans: Evidence from desert stalactites

2006 ◽  
Vol 70 (18) ◽  
pp. A663
Author(s):  
A. Vaks ◽  
M. Bar-Matthews ◽  
A. Ayalon ◽  
A. Matthews ◽  
L. Halicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Modern Humans ◽  
Early Modern Humans ◽  
Out Of Africa

scholarly journals Late Pleistocene and Holocene Lithic Variability at Goda Buticha (Southeastern Ethiopia): Implications for the Understanding of the Middle and Late Stone Age of the Horn of Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Leplongeon ◽  
David Pleurdeau ◽  
Erella Hovers
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
Horn Of Africa ◽  
Stratigraphic Sequence ◽  
Late Stone Age ◽  
Lithic Assemblages ◽  
Out Of Africa

AbstractsThe Late Pleistocene is a key period to understand the shift from the Middle (msa) to the Late Stone Age (lsa) in Africa. More generally, it is also a crucial time for elucidation of changes in the technological behaviours of human populations in Africa after the main Out of Africa event of modern humans ca. 60-50 thousand years ago. However, the archaeological record for this period is relatively poor, particularly for the Horn of Africa. Here we present a detailed analysis of the lithic assemblages from Goda Buticha (gb), a cave in southeastern Ethiopia, which has yielded a long stratigraphic sequence including Late Pleistocene and Holocene levels. This study (1) contributes to a better knowledge of the latemsain the Horn of Africa; (2) documents a late Holocenelsalevel (gb– Complexi); (3) highlights the presence ofmsacharacteristics associated withlsafeatures in the Holocene (gb– Layeriic). This adds to the emerging record of great lithic technological variability during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene in this region.

scholarly journals EXCAVATION REPORT FOR THE BOMBORO SITE: A CHERT QUARRY SITE IN THE BOMBORO VALLEY, MAROS REGENCY, SOUTH SULAWESI

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yinika Lotus Perston ◽  
Adam Brumm ◽  
Sandy Suseno ◽  
Budianto Hakim ◽  
Suryatman
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Limestone Bedrock

Wilayah karst Maros-Pangkep berisi banyak situs arkeologi Holosen dan Late-Pleistocene, banyak di antaranya berisi kumpulan artefak yang didominasi oleh artefak rijang. Namun dimikian, belum ada sumber untuk bahan baku yang telah diidentifikasi. Sementara batuan dasar kapur yang melimpah kadang-kadang berisi kantong dan lapisan nodul rijang, singkapan ini menunjukkan sedikit bukti untuk eksploitasi atau tambangan prasejarah, dan kecil kemungkinan rijang diperoleh dari anak sungai atau sungai. Situs Bomboro dipilih untuk penggalian karena permukaan tanahnya yang kaya dengan artefak batu termasuk serpihan, batu inti, dan tatal. Rijangnya mungkin telah ditambang dari nodul yang keluar dari batu gamping lokal di Lembah Bomboro. Sampai sekarang, situs ini merupakan tambang batu kuno pertama yang diidentifikasi di wilayah tersebut. Sementara tambang terbuka tidak ada duanya, itu mungkin berfungsi sebagai sumber rijang selama periode Toalean, sekitar 2-8 ribu tahun yang lalu.   The Maros-Pangkep region contains numerous archaeological sites dating from the Holocene and Late-Pleistocene, many of which contain artefact assemblages dominated by flaked chert artefacts. However, no sources for this raw material have yet been identified. While the abundant limestone bedrock contains occasional pockets and seams of chert nodules, these outcrops show little evidence for prehistoric exploitation or quarrying, and it is unlikely the chert was acquired from streambeds. The Bomboro site was selected for excavation as the ground surface is rich in chert stone artefacts including flakes, cores, and debris. Theis chert was likely quarried from the local nodules outcropping from the surrounding limestone bedrock in the Bomboro Valley, and this report describes the excavation of the first ancient stone quarry site to be identified in the region. While the open quarry was undateable, it may have served as a chert source during the Toalean period, around 2-8 thousand years ago.

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