EFFECTS OF SPORTS DRINK MOUTH RINSE ON CYCLING PERFORMANCE IN A WARM AND HUMID ENVIRONMENT AMONG JUNIOR CYCLISTS

Caffeine is regarded as a diuretic despite evidence that hydration is not impaired with habitual ingestion. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a caffeinated sports drink impairs fluid delivery and hydration during exercise in warm, humid conditions (28.5 °C, 60% relative humidity). Sixteen cyclists completed 3 trials: placebo (P), carbohydrate-electrolyte (CE), and caffeinated (195 mg/L) sports drink (CAF+CE). Subjects cycled for 120 min at 60–75%VO2max followed by 15 min of maximal-effort cycling. Heart rate and rectal temperature were similar until the final 15 min, when these responses and exercise intensity were higher with CAF+CE than with CE and P. Sweat rate, urine output, plasma-volume losses, serum electrolytes, and blood deuterium-oxide accumulation were not different. Serum osmolality was higher with CAF+CE vs. P but not CE. The authors conclude that CAF+CE appears as rapidly in blood as CE and maintains hydration and sustains cardiovascular and thermoregulatory function as well as CE during exercise in a warm, humid environment.

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A Comparison of the Effects of a Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse on Cycling Performance in Depleted and Non-depleted Glycogen States

The Boller Review ◽

10.18776/tcu/br/3/88 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

Author(s):

Nicole Hicks ◽

Class of 2018 ◽

Bailey Sullivan ◽

Class of 2018

Keyword(s):

Treatment Effect ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Performance Enhancement ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Time Trial ◽

Cycling Performance ◽

Mouth Rinse ◽

Significant Treatment Effect ◽

Significant Treatment ◽

Performance Improvements

Performance improvements have been reported when mouth rinsing with a carbohydrate (CHO) solution during short duration, high intensity endurance exercise. Limited research has been conducted in this area when endogenous CHO stores are depleted. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of a CHO mouth rinse on endurance-trained cyclists during a 30-kilometer time trial in depleted vs. non-depleted glycogen states. METHODS: 5 endurance-trained men (28±7 years; 179.32±8.15 cm; 68.65±8.16 kg; 54.00±5.95 mL/kg/min VO2 max) participated in a repeated measures crossover study using a CHO mouth rinse (6.4% maltodextrin) or placebo. RESULTS: Subjects completed the time trial faster (p=0.033) in the non-depleted state, despite reporting lower RPE (p=0.010). There was no significant treatment effect, but subjects completed the time trial 20 seconds faster in the depleted CHO mouth rinse condition. Power output was significantly higher (p=0.010) in non-depleted than depleted conditions; no significant treatment effect was observed. RER was significantly higher (p=0.001) in the non-depleted state; no significant differences were observed between mouth rinses. A mouth rinse segment interaction (p=0.028) was observed for heart rate in the last 6k for the CHO mouth rinse condition, indicating a possible increase in effort over the last segment of the time trial. CONCLUSION: CHO mouth rinse may be a valuable tool for performance enhancement in suboptimal nutrition states. Further, the results supported current knowledge regarding performance in depleted and non-depleted glycogen states.

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Drink-Flavor Change’s Lack of Effect on Endurance Cycling Performance in Trained Athletes

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism ◽

10.1123/ijsnem.17.4.315 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 315-327 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ben Desbrow ◽

Clare Minahan ◽

Michael Leveritt

Keyword(s):

Perceived Exertion ◽

Time Trial ◽

Cycling Performance ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Exercise Protocol ◽

Male Athletes ◽

Subsequent Performance ◽

Sports Drink ◽

Endurance Cycling

This study investigated whether a change in beverage favor during endurance cycling improves subsequent performance. Eight trained male athletes (age 24.3 ± 3.9 y, weight 74.7 ± 6.0 kg, peak O2 uptake [VO2peak] 65.4 ± 5.4 mL·kg−1·min−1; mean ± SD) undertook 3 trials, with training and diet being controlled. Trials consisted of 120 min of steady-state (SS) cycling at ~70% VO2peak, immediately followed by a 7-kJ/kg time trial (TT). During exercise subjects were provided with fluids every 20 min. After 80 min of SS cycling subjects either continued drinking the same-favor sports drink or changed to an alternate favor—either an alternate-favor sports drink (AFSD) or cola. All beverages were carbohydrate and volume matched. Changing drink favor caused no significant change in TT time (sports drink 27:16 ± 03:12, AFSD 27:06 ± 03:16, cola 27:03 ± 02:42; min: s). The various favors produced no treatment effects on heart rate, blood glucose, or rating of perceived exertion throughout the SS exercise protocol. The influence of other taste variables such as palatability, bitterness, or timing of favor change on endurance-exercise performance requires more rigorous investigation.

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Carbohydrate-Electrolyte Feedings and 1h Time Trial Cycling Performance

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism ◽

10.1123/ijsnem.14.5.541 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 541-549 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Ben Desbrow ◽

Sally Anderson ◽

Jennifer Barrett ◽

Elissa Rao ◽

Mark Hargreaves

Keyword(s):

Power Output ◽

High Intensity ◽

Average Power ◽

Time Trial ◽

Cycling Performance ◽

Dietary Regimen ◽

Trained Subjects ◽

Sports Drink ◽

Average Power Output ◽

Glucose Availability

The effects of a commercial sports drink on performance in high-intensity cycling was investigated. Nine well-trained subjects were asked to complete a set amount of work as fast as possible (time trial) following 24 h of dietary (subjects were provided with food, energy 57.4 ± 2.4 kcal/kg and carbohydrate 9.1 ± 0.4 g/kg) and exercise control. During exercise, subjects were provided with 14 mL/kg of either 6% carbohydrate-electrolyte (CHO-E) solution or carbohydrate-free placebo (P). Results showed that subjects’ performances did not greatly improve (time, 62:34 ± 6:44 min:sec (CHO-E) vs. 62:40 ± 5:35 min:sec (P); average power output, 283.0 ± 25.0 W (CHO-E) vs. 282.9 ± 29.3 W (P), P > 0.05) while consuming the sports drink. It was concluded that CHO-E consumption throughout a 1-h time trial, following a pre-exercise dietary regimen designed to optimize glucose availability, did not improve time or power output to a greater degree than P in well-trained cyclists.

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Effects of various concentrations of carbohydrate mouth rinse on cycling performance in a fed state

European Journal of Sport Science ◽

10.1080/17461391.2016.1196735 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. 1073-1078 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Simon Devenney ◽

Kieran Collins ◽

Marcus Shortall

Keyword(s):

Cycling Performance ◽

Mouth Rinse ◽

Fed State

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Immersion with menthol improves recovery between 2 cycling exercises in hot and humid environment

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2017-0525 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 43 (9) ◽

pp. 902-908 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kévin Rinaldi ◽

Than Tran Trong ◽

Florence Riera ◽

Katharina Appel ◽

Olivier Hue

Keyword(s):

Power Output ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Cold Water ◽

Thermal Sensation ◽

Water Immersion ◽

Cycling Performance ◽

Cold Water Immersion ◽

Mean Power ◽

Humid Environment ◽

Mean Power Output

Endurance exercise performance is impaired in a hot and humid environment. This study compared the effects of cold water immersion, with (CMWI) and without (CWI) menthol, on the recovery of cycling performance. Eight heat-acclimatized cyclists (age, 24.1 ± 4.4 years; mass, 65.3 ± 5.2 kg) performed 2 randomized sessions, each consisting of a 20-min cycling trial (T1) followed by 10 min of immersion during recovery and then a second 20-min cycling trial (T2). Mean power output and perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded for both trials. Rectal (Trec) and skin temperatures were measured before and immediately after T1, immersion, and T2. Perceived thermal sensation (TS) and comfort were measured immediately after T1 and T2. Power output was significantly improved in T2 compared with T1 in the CMWI condition (+15.6%). Performance did not change in the CWI condition. After immersion, Trec was lower in CWI (–1.17 °C) than in CMWI (–0.6 °C). TS decreased significantly after immersion in both conditions. This decline was significantly more pronounced in CMWI (5.9 ± 1 to 3.6 ± 0.5) than in CWI (5.6 ± 0.9 to 4.4 ± 1.2). In CMWI, RPE was significantly higher in T1 (6.57 ± 0.9) than in T2 (5.14 ± 1.25). However, there was no difference in TC. This study suggests that menthol immersion probably (i) improves the performance of a repeated 20-min cycling bout, (ii) decreases TS, and (iii) impairs thermoregulation processes.

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Mouth rinsing improves cycling endurance performance during Ramadan fasting in a hot humid environment

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2013-0276 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 458-464 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Ahmad Munir Che Muhamed ◽

Nazirah Gulam Mohamed ◽

Norjana Ismail ◽

Abdul Rashid Aziz ◽

Rabindarjeet Singh

Keyword(s):

Perceived Exertion ◽

Time Trial ◽

Endurance Performance ◽

Adolescent Male ◽

Mouth Rinse ◽

Humid Condition ◽

Humid Environment ◽

Endurance Cycling ◽

The Difference ◽

Mouth Rinsing

This study examined the effect of mouth rinsing during endurance cycling in a hot humid environment (32 °C and 75% relative humidity) on athletes in the Ramadan fasted state. Nine trained adolescent male cyclists completed 3 trials that consisted of a carbohydrate mouth-rinse (CMR), a placebo mouth-rinse (PMR), and a no-rinse (NOR) trial during the last 2 weeks of Ramadan. Each trial consisted of a preloading cycle at 65% peak rate of oxygen consumption for 30 min followed by a 10-km time trial (TT10 km) under hot humid condition. During the CMR and PMR trials, each cyclist rinsed his mouth with 25 mL of the solution for 5 s before expectorating the solution pre-exercise, after 5, 15, and 25 min of the preloading cycle, and 15 s prior to the start of TT10 km. Time to complete the TT10 km was significantly faster in the CMR and PMR trials compared with the NOR trial (12.9 ± 1.7 and 12.6 ± 1.7 vs. 16.8 ± 1.6 min, respectively; p < 0.017). Ratings of perceived exertion taken at the end of the TT10 km was lower in both CMR and PMR trials compared with the NOR trial, although the difference was significant only between CMR and NOR (p < 0.05). In conclusion, mouth rinsing with either carbohydrate or placebo solution provided ergogenic benefits compared with a no-rinse condition on TT10 km performance in acute Ramadan fasted subjects during endurance cycling in a heat stress environment.

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The effect of caffeine mouth rinse on self-paced cycling performance

Comparative Exercise Physiology ◽

10.3920/cep140015 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 239-245 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

L. Bottoms ◽

H. Hurst ◽

A. Scriven ◽

F. Lynch ◽

J. Bolton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Power Output ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Cycling Performance ◽

Mouth Rinse ◽

Ratings Of Perceived Exertion

The aim of the study was to determine whether caffeine mouth rinse would improve 30 min self-paced cycling trial. Twelve healthy active males (age 20.5±0.7 years, mass 87.4±18.3 kg) volunteered for the study. They attended the laboratory on 3 separate occasions performing a 30 min self-paced cycling trial. On one occasion water was given as a mouth rinse for 5 s (PLA), on another occasion a 6.4% maltodextrin (CHO) solution was given for 5 s and finally a caffeine solution (containing 32 mg of caffeine dissolved in 125 ml water; CAF) was given for 5 s. Distance cycled, heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion, cadence, speed and power output were recorded throughout all trials. Distance cycled during the CAF mouth rinse trial (16.2±2.8 km) was significantly greater compared to PLA trial (14.9±2.6 km). There was no difference between CHO and CAF trials (P=0.89). Cadence, power and velocity were significantly greater during the CAF trial compared to both PLA and CHO (P<0.05). There were no differences between trials for heart rate and perceived exertion (P>0.05). Caffeine mouth rinse improves 30 min cycling performance by allowing the participant to increase cadence, power and velocity without a concurrent increase in perceived exertion and heart rate.

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