Measuring the perception of Malaysian SME towards e-commerce as an innovation

This paper presents a quantitative study in measuring the perception of Malaysian SME towards ecommerce as an innovation and factors affecting the adoption of it. It is concerned with initiatives that are intended to help SME in Malaysia to adopt E-commerce as an innovation. The research has two main emphases: First, it presents some preliminary findings on the perception of Malaysian SME towards E-commerce as an innovation; and the level of confidence towards E-commerce as an innovation. Second, it streamlines various initiatives by Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI), Small and Medium Industries Development Corporation (SMIDEC), BankNegara Malaysia and local governments in accelerating the acceptance of E-commerce by Malaysian SME. The study engaged 38 SME participants through a survey using a self-administered questionnaire. 32% of the surveyed SME are from the Type 1 Industry; comprising manufacturing, manufacturing related services, and agro-based services and about 68% are from Type 2 Industry comprising services, primary agriculture, and ICT. The self administered questionnaire consists of two sections. Section I contains demographic information and SME specification while Section II contains 37 items: 31 items utilised Likert Scales items ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5(strongly agree), and six items utilised defined interval scales. Rogers' attributes of innovations (2003): relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trial ability and observability were used in the construct of the research instrument. This research emphasizes on Rogers'framework, as it was found useful where the study sought to understand the diffusion and use of Ecommerce by Malaysian SME in the investigation. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse and present empirical data of the 38 SME. The results from the quantitative data provided information on addressing barriers to SME, and confirmed the characteristics of Rogers' adoption categories. The study shows that the instrument which was designed with seven constructs lacked internal consistency in two determinants: relative advantage and observability. Findings interpreted through Rogers' theory suggest that an action plan should include initiatives to help SME towards E-commerce as an innovation.

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Replacement of the Replication Factors of Porcine Circovirus (PCV) Type 2 with Those of PCV Type 1 Greatly Enhances Viral Replication InVitro

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.00522-10 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 84 (17) ◽

pp. 8986-8989 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

N. M. Beach ◽

N. M. Juhan ◽

L. Cordoba ◽

X. J. Meng

Keyword(s):

Virus Replication ◽

Porcine Circovirus Type ◽

Porcine Circovirus ◽

Reading Frame ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Replication Factors ◽

Important Disease ◽

Chimeric Viruses

ABSTRACT Porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1), originally isolated as a contaminant of PK-15 cells, is nonpathogenic, whereas porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) causes an economically important disease in pigs. To determine the factors affecting virus replication, we constructed chimeric viruses by swapping open reading frame 1 (ORF1) (rep) or the origin of replication (Ori) between PCV1 and PCV2 and compared the replication efficiencies of the chimeric viruses in PK-15 cells. The results showed that the replication factors of PCV1 and PCV2 are fully exchangeable and, most importantly, that both the Ori and rep of PCV1 enhance the virus replication efficiencies of the chimeric viruses with the PCV2 backbone.

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Empirical Look at the Factors Affecting Perception of Business Ethics in Turkey

EMAJ Emerging Markets Journal ◽

10.5195/emaj.2011.5 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Vedat Akman

Keyword(s):

Business Ethics ◽

Education Level ◽

Significant Determinant ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Good Score ◽

Education Profession ◽

And Gender ◽

Strongly Agree ◽

Self Administered Questionnaire

This study aims to explore the influence of gender, age, education, profession and sector choices towards factors affecting business ethics in Turkey. Self-administered questionnaire with scale of 1-5 was used to measure attitudes towards business ethics (1= "strongly agree" to 5="strongly disagree") with reasonable good score on Cronbach's realibility test. With Cronbach alpha of .692 and KMO (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Meaure of Sampling Adequecy) .746 (which sould be greater than .5 for a satisfactor analysis) we proceeded to our analysis successfully. Choice job, sector, age and gender were significant determinants to factors affecting perception of business ethics but education level was not a significant determinant.

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Trends in Factors Affecting Pregnancy Outcomes Among Women With Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes of Childbearing Age (2004–2017)

Frontiers in Endocrinology ◽

10.3389/fendo.2020.596633 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Mariangela Gaudio ◽

Nicoletta Dozio ◽

Michael Feher ◽

Marina Scavini ◽

Amelia Caretto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Primary Care ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Glycaemic Control ◽

Pregnancy Outcomes ◽

Childbearing Age ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Over Time

AimTo describe trends in modifiable and non-modifiable unfavorable factors affecting pregnancy outcomes, over time (years 2004–2017), in women with diabetes of childbearing age from an English primary care perspective.MethodsWe identified women with diabetes aged 16–45 years from the Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC) network, an English primary care sentinel database. Repeated annual cross-sectional analyses (2004–2017) assessed the prevalence of unfavorable factors for pregnancy, such as obesity, poor glycaemic control, microalbuminuria, hypertension, use of medications for treating diabetes, and associated comorbidities not recommended for pregnancy.ResultsWe identified 3,218 women (61.5% with Type 2 diabetes) in 2004 and 6,657 (65.0% with Type 2 diabetes) in 2017. The proportion of women with ideal glycaemic control for conception (HbA1c<6.5%) increased over time, in patients with Type 1 diabetes from 9.0% (7.1%–11.0%) to 19.1% (17.2%–21.1%), and in those with Type 2 diabetes from 27.2% (24.6%–29.9%) to 35.4% (33.6%–37.1%). The proportion of women with Type 2 diabetes prescribed medications different from insulin and metformin rose from 22.3% (20.5%–24.2%) to 27.3% (26.0%–28.6%).In 2017, 14.0% (12.6%–15.4%) of women with Type 1 and 30.7% (29.3%–32.0%) with Type 2 diabetes were prescribed angiotensin-modulating antihypertensives or statins. We captured at least one unfavorable factor for pregnancy in 50.9% (48.8%–52.9%) of women with Type 1 diabetes and 70.7% (69.3%–72.0%) of women with Type 2 diabetes. Only one third of women with Type 1 diabetes (32.2%, 30.3%–34.0%) and a quarter of those with Type 2 diabetes (23.1%, 21.9%–24.4%) were prescribed hormonal contraception. Contraception was prescribed more frequently to women with unfavorable factors for pregnancy compared to those without, however, the difference was significant only for women with Type 1 diabetes.ConclusionsDespite significant improvements in general diabetes care, the majority of women with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes have unfavorable, although mostly modifiable, factors for the start of pregnancy. Good diabetes care for women of childbearing age should include taking into consideration a possible pregnancy.

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Factors Affecting Formation of Type-1 and Type-2 Big Bubble during Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty

Current Eye Research ◽

10.1080/02713683.2019.1597889 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (7) ◽

pp. 701-706

Author(s):

Jinyang Li ◽

Wei Chen ◽

Zelin Zhao ◽

Haiou Wang ◽

Qian Gui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lamellar Keratoplasty ◽

Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty ◽

Big Bubble

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Global, regional, and national burden and trend of diabetes in 195 countries and territories: an analysis from 1990 to 2025

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-71908-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xiling Lin ◽

Yufeng Xu ◽

Xiaowen Pan ◽

Jingya Xu ◽

Yue Ding ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Action Plan ◽

World Health ◽

Noncommunicable Diseases ◽

Global Burden ◽

Life Years ◽

Disease Study

Abstract Diabetes mellitus is a leading cause of mortality and reduced life expectancy. We aim to estimate the burden of diabetes by type, year, regions, and socioeconomic status in 195 countries and territories over the past 28 years, which provide information to achieve the goal of World Health Organization Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases in 2025. Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Overall, the global burden of diabetes had increased significantly since 1990. Both the trend and magnitude of diabetes related diseases burden varied substantially across regions and countries. In 2017, global incidence, prevalence, death, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) associated with diabetes were 22.9 million, 476.0 million, 1.37 million, and 67.9 million, with a projection to 26.6 million, 570.9 million, 1.59 million, and 79.3 million in 2025, respectively. The trend of global type 2 diabetes burden was similar to that of total diabetes (including type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes), while global age-standardized rate of mortality and DALYs for type 1 diabetes declined. Globally, metabolic risks (high BMI) and behavioral factors (inappropriate diet, smoking, and low physical activity) contributed the most attributable death and DALYs of diabetes. These estimations could be useful in policy-making, priority setting, and resource allocation in diabetes prevention and treatment.

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