scholarly journals Development of an Automated Biaxial Solar Photovoltaic Tracking System

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ahmad Maliki Omar ◽  
Muhamad Rizuan Yahir ◽  
Sulaiman Shaari ◽  
Abdul Rahman Omar
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Solar Altitude

This paper presents and describes a prototype product code-named SolT2A which is a system that tracks the position of the sun automatically across the celestial vault in two axes. This kind of system is typically used in a solar photovoltaic (PV) system in terrestrial applications to provide electrical power. It is designed and fabricated due to Malaysia’s location near the equator, thus the solar altitude crosses the zenith and the azimuth reverses direction during the year. Thus the use of a static PV system is not maximised during half of the year. This situation can be addressed by using a two-axes solar tracking system. So far, Malaysia has not implemented such power-tracking systems. Thus SolT2A has been designed and fabricated to address the problem by using a combination of electro-mechanical devices with an element of programming ingenuity and intelligence. Basically SolT2A measures solar irradiance at four points and makes comparisons in terms of the intensity received. These data are then analysed and processed by a controller before being sent to a DC motor that ensures the maximum amount of solar irradiance received on the PV panels all the time. Thus SolT2A is a system that maximises the power output of the PV panels to obtain the highest power output continuously. Based on field data, the maximum output open circuit voltage produced by the SolT2A tracking system and that with a static PV system is as much as 82 %. The overall increase in open circuit voltage production is between 15 to 20 % daily. With the technical know-how and proven prototype, Malaysia can look into joining the small and limited but niche pool of expertise in this area. This will not only give immediate socio-economic impact to the population, but will give an upgrade to Malaysia as a country with expertise in the area. This concept could also be applied to defence systems. With further testing and improvement, SolT2A system can be further upgraded to reach a commercial stage. This will definitely be of commercial interest to the country.

Application of nano-PCMs in solar Photovoltaic

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
Shubham Srivastava ◽  
Deepak ◽  
CS Malvi
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Rate ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Storage Medium ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
Solar Pv System

Although the good intensity of solar radiation is desirable for a solar PV system, but the power output drops with a rise in its temperature. The open-circuit voltage of PV panel decreases with increase in its temperature, thus lowering the PV effect. Many studies have been carried out by the researcher to tackle this problem, proposing modification in conventional PV system design and utilizing water, air, PCM, and oil as a cooling medium in various cooling systems. Although PCM has fascinating characteristics as a thermal energy storage medium in the solar system, but low thermal conductivity became a barrier in energy conversion. Few studies suggested the use of nanoparticles in PCM to increase its heat transfer rate but very few studies were focused on nano PCM incorporated solar PV system. This paper summarized the researches done so far on nano PCM solar PV system by delineating the methods, and materials involved.

scholarly journals Concept Designing of a Solar Photovoltaic UPS System with Sunlight Tracker

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VII) ◽  
pp. 1391-1394
Author(s):  
Dr. Gaurav Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Peak Power ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Photovoltaic Cell ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
Secondary Load ◽  
Power Point

This paper defines the design of UPS system with the help of sun tracking system, as a source for chargingthe battery to provide the backup power when the regular power source fails. This authentication is provided by obtaining the theoretical calculation of output power, output current and output voltage which are developed due to solar radiations. In this system, if the primary load is not in use, then the power is automatically switching over to secondary load. Basically, an UPS is electrical equipment that is used at the time of emergency. The battery bank is charged with the help of solar photovoltaic cell. This paper proposed an approach to understand the peak power point of the sun based on analysis of the open-circuit voltage of the PV panel. This project provides the power supply to a load which is uninterruptible, by automatically selecting the supply from the main source or inverter.

The Effects of Photovoltaic Panel’s Temperature towards Photovoltaic Electrical Power Output

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Izzati Mohd Salleh ◽  
◽  
Ahmad Fateh Mohamad Nor ◽  
Siti Amely Jumaat ◽  
Jabbar Al-Fattah Yahaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Band Gap ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
Electrical Power Output ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Photovoltaic (PV) system is recognized as one of the most current renewable energy types in producing electrical power. The theories that science explain related to the function of the sun is in accordance with what is also described in the Qur'an. There is one ayah Quran related to the Greatness of Allah and The Mercy which is “And from among His Signs are the night and the day, and the sun and the moon. Prostrate yourselves to Allah Who created them, if you (really) worship Him [Fussilat:37]. However, one of the main issues of PV system is that the performance of the system is highly dependent to environmental conditions such as weather and solar irradiance. Increases in temperature reduce the band gap of a semiconductor. The decrease in the band gap of a semiconductor with increasing temperature can be viewed as increasing the energy of the electrons in the material. The parameter most affected by an increase in temperature is the open circuit voltage. Temperature coefficient indicates how much will be the decrement in power output if PV module. Hence, it is important to predict the actual generating output power of PV systems. This study investigates the relationship between the temperatures of the PV panel with the PV power output. The PV systems installed at the rooftop of Mega label SDN. BHD. with type of poly-crystalline 405.72KWP has been chosen as the reference system in this study. The results have shown that the rise of PV panel’s temperature will make the value of the PV electrical power output decreases.

scholarly journals Prediction of Solar Irradiance Based on Artificial Neural Networks

Inventions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waleed I. Hameed ◽  
Baha A. Sawadi ◽  
Safa J. Al-Kamil ◽  
Mohammed S. Al-Radhi ◽  
Yasir I. A. Al-Yasir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Artificial Neural

Prediction of solar irradiance plays an essential role in many energy systems. The objective of this paper is to present a low-cost solar irradiance meter based on artificial neural networks (ANN). A photovoltaic (PV) mathematical model of 50 watts and 36 cells was used to extract the short-circuit current and the open-circuit voltage of the PV module. The obtained data was used to train the ANN to predict solar irradiance for horizontal surfaces. The strategy was to measure the open-circuit voltage and the short-circuit current of the PV module and then feed it to the ANN as inputs to get the irradiance. The experimental and simulation results showed that the proposed method could be utilized to achieve the value of solar irradiance with acceptable approximation. As a result, this method presents a low-cost instrument that can be used instead of an expensive pyranometer.

scholarly journals Improved Fractional Open Circuit Voltage MPPT Methods for PV Systems

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Baimel ◽  
Saad Tapuchi ◽  
Yoash Levron ◽  
Juri Belikov
Keyword(s):  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Maximum Power Point ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
Power Point Tracking ◽  
Power Point

This paper proposes two new Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) methods which improve the conventional Fractional Open Circuit Voltage (FOCV) method. The main novelty is a switched semi-pilot cell that is used for measuring the open-circuit voltage. In the first method this voltage is measured on the semi-pilot cell located at the edge of PV panel. During the measurement the semi-pilot cell is disconnected from the panel by a pair of transistors, and bypassed by a diode. In the second Semi-Pilot Panel method the open circuit voltage is measured on a pilot panel in a large PV system. The proposed methods are validated using simulations and experiments. It is shown that both methods can accurately estimate the maximum power point voltage, and hence improve the system efficiency.

Maximum Output Power Control Using Short-Circuit Current and Open-Circuit Voltage of a Solar Panel

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (10S) ◽  
pp. 10NF08 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Kato ◽  
Takuma Miyake ◽  
Daisuke Tashima ◽  
Tatsuya Sakoda ◽  
Masahisa Otsubo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Control ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Solar Panel ◽  
Maximum Output

High Power Generation by a Strain of Facultative Anaerobe in Double-Chamber Microbial Fuel Cell

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 2616-2621
Author(s):  
Jia Mei Song ◽  
Dong Ping Sun ◽  
Lei Zhao ◽  
Hong Ju Jiang ◽  
Chun Lin Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Current Effort ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Generation Mechanisms ◽  
Double Chamber

Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) are systems that can convert chemical energy into electrical energy by biological oxidation, current effort to improve the power output is limited by the lack of knowledge about the electrochemical activity bacteria and researches on the power generation mechanisms of pure strains are rare. In this study, the exoelectrogenic (”exo” for exocellular) bacterium staphylococcus SJ-1 was directly isolated from the MFC, which was stably run for 90 days. Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) indicated that temporary mediator produced by SJ-1 may take the work of transferring electron. A new built double-chamber MFC was inoculated with pure SJ-1, and after 40 days enrichment, the system produced 520mW/m2 power density and the highest open circuit voltage (OCV) reached to 616mV, the power output was higher than most of the single-strain MFCs reported.

Output Characteristics Study of V-trough PV Concentration System

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 2077-2080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cui Qiong Yan
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Cell Array ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Current Output ◽  
Super Cell

A V-trough PV system with polysilicon cell array and super cell array has been constructed and tested. Open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, output power, fill factor and influence of temperature on V-trough PV concentration system have been analyzed. The results indicate that the output power of 10 pieces of polysilicon cell array is 6.198W and it is 1.21 times as that of non-concentration condition. Maximum output power of V-trough PV system with water cooling increase to 8.28W and power increment rate reach 62.67% compared with the non-concentration PV system. For the super cell array with no water cooling, the maximum output power of V-trough PV system varies from 7.834W to 14.223W. The results of this work provide some experimental support to the applications of the V-trough PV system.

Effects of Operating Temperature on the Heat Transfer Characteristics of Photovoltaic Systems in the Upper Midwest

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wongyu Choi ◽  
Michael B. Pate ◽  
Ryan D. Warren ◽  
Ron M. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Stationary System ◽  
Tracking Systems ◽  
Heat Transfer Characteristics ◽  
Upper Midwest ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Transfer Characteristics ◽  
Solar Research

This paper presents the heat transfer characteristics of a stationary PV system and a dual-axis tracking PV system installed in the Upper Midwest, U.S. Because past solar research has focused on the warmer, sunnier Southwest, a need exists for solar research that focuses on this more-populated and colder Upper Midwest region. Meteorological and PV experimental data were collected and analyzed for the two systems over a one-year period. At solar irradiance levels larger than 120 W/m2, the array temperatures of the dual-axis tracking PV system were found to be lower than those of the stationary system by 1.8 °C, which is a strong evidence of the different heat transfer trends for both systems. The hourly averaged heat transfer coefficients for the experiment year were found to be 20.8 and 29.4 W/m2 °C for the stationary and tracking systems, respectively. The larger heat transfer coefficient of the dual-axis tracking system can be explained by the larger area per unit PV module exposed to the ambient compared to the stationary system. The experimental temperature coefficients for power at a solar irradiance level of 1000 W/m2 were −0.30% and −0.38%/ °C for the stationary and dual-axis tracking systems, respectively. These values are lower than the manufacturer's specified value −0.5/ °C. Simulations suggest that annual conversion efficiencies could potentially be increased by approximately 4.3% and 4.6%, respectively, if they were operated at lower temperatures.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence and Bio-Inspired Soft Computing-Based Maximum Power Plant Tracking for a Solar Photovoltaic System under Non-Uniform Solar Irradiance Shading Conditions—A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10575
Author(s):  
Amjad Ali ◽  
Kashif Irshad ◽  
Mohammad Farhan Khan ◽  
Md Moinul Hossain ◽  
Ibrahim N. A. Al-Duais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Computing ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Partial Shading

Substantial progress in solar photovoltaic (SPV) dissemination in grid-connected and standalone power generation systems has been witnessed during the last two decades. However, weather intermittency has a non-linear characteristic impact on solar photovoltaic output, which can cause considerable loss in the system’s overall output. To overcome these inevitable losses and optimize the SPV output, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is mounted in the middle of the power electronics converters and SPV to achieve the maximum output with better precision from the SPV system under intermittent weather conditions. As MPPT is considered an essential part of the SPV system, up to now, many researchers have developed numerous MPPT techniques, each with unique features. A Google Scholar survey from 2015–2021 was performed to scrutinize the number of published review papers in this area. An online search established that on different MPPT techniques, overall, 100 review articles were published; out of these 100, seven reviews on conventional MPPT techniques under shading or partial shading and only four under non-uniform solar irradiance are published. Unfortunately, no dedicated review article has explicitly focused on soft computing MPPT (SC-MPPT) techniques. Therefore, a comprehensive review of articles on SC-MPPT techniques is desirable, in which almost all the familiar SC-MPPT techniques have to be summarized in one piece. This review article concentrates explicitly on soft computing-based MPPT techniques under non-uniform irradiance conditions along with their operating principles, block/flow diagram. It will not only be helpful for academics and researchers to provide a future direction in SC-MPPT optimization research, but also help the field engineers to select the appropriate SC-MPPT for SPV according to system design and environmental conditions.

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