Is There a Moral Intention to Reproduce Someone Else?

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 24-24
Author(s):  
Atanas Anov ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Intentional Action ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Ethical Challenge ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Surrogate Mother ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Respect For Autonomy ◽  
Future Child

"Moral intentions could be used as criteria for actions. In medical practice, moral intentions take an interesting form when the problem is related to post-mortem reproduction. This paper will attempt to 1) interpret the problem of intentions from principalist perspective in medical ethics; 2) relate the problem of intentions to post-mortem reproduction; 3) develop an existentialist account for intentions and post-mortem reproduction. Peter Zhu’s case is the latest ethical challenge in post-modern reproduction. Its moral sensitivity is high due to his presume intent to reproduce and the possibility for post-mortem reproduction using donors’ material and a surrogate mother. If we presume that the concept of presume intent lies with the general idea for intentions, we must tackle the problem from the perspective of respect for autonomy. The problem with intentions is that the prospective intentional action to reproduce belongs to one person only. Yet it appears that someone else is going to perform this action and someone else will finish it. Who should we hold responsible for this action: the person who intended to do it or the person who is intending to perform it and finish it? In Peter Zhu’s case, there are participants with different intentions that are with different moral value. The existentialist account of post-mortem reproduction and intending to reproduce will try to present why we should be careful with respect for autonomy. The ethical and existential consequences of such reproduction are that the future child would be brought to a life of suffering and vagueness. "

scholarly journals RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF PHYSICIAN ACCORDING TO AYURVEDA AND MODERN PERSPECTIVE

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1789-1794
Author(s):  
Durga Lal Sharma ◽  
Shri Ram Saini
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Ethical Conduct ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Ethical Codes ◽  
Good Patient ◽  
Modern Perspective

Ethics is a collection of principles that govern proper behaviour. In Ayurveda, the concept of ethics is strongly related to the concept of Dharma. Many instructions on appropriate medical practice can be found in Ayurveda textbooks. Chatushpada describes the qualities of a good patient and a good physician. The Adhyayana Vidhi clarifies the process of medical education as well as the rules for establishing future practises. Other milestones include Sadvritta and Vaidya Vrutti, which are extensive sets of standards for professional ethical conduct. Ayur- vedic Acharyas also instruct physicians on how to communicate with patients. As Ayurveda is the oldest medical science, ethical codes in medicine have existed since the beginning. In the numerous Ayurvedic Samhitas, refer- ences to medical ethics were described, including the responsibility of a physician, ideal qualities of a physician, surgeon qualities, medicinal dose (according to nature of individuals) and medicinal dosage for children, as well as specifics of post-mortem and anaesthetic. This paper enlightens the duties of a physician with Ayurvedic and modern perspectives. Keywords: Ayurveda, Duties, Physician

Why a New Approach to Medical Ethics Is Needed

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-43
Author(s):  
Rosamond Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Biomedical Ethics ◽  
Common Morality ◽  
Medical Professionalism ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Good Medical Practice ◽  
Everyday Ethics ◽  
The Common

The Trusted Doctor: Medical Ethics and Professionalism rejects the well-entrenched views of medical ethics as everyday ethics or common morality applied to medicine. This chapter lays the foundation for the original account of medical ethics that follows in the book’s succeeding chapters. By presenting vivid examples and general arguments the author demonstrates ways in which the ethics of medicine is distinct and different from common morality. The chapter discusses the most popular common morality views, namely, the four principles approach expounded by Tom Beauchamp and James Childress in Principles of Biomedical Ethics and the ten rules approach presented by Bernard Gert, Charles Culver, and K. Danner Clouser in Bioethics: A Systematic Approach by presenting arguments that challenge their applicability to medical practice. A chart identifies some stark differences between the common morality approach and good medical practice and shows how everyday ethics is incompatible with medical professionalism.

scholarly journals Etiese perspektiewe vir die bantering van konflik in die mediese wetenskap

1993 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. O.K. Lategan
Keyword(s):  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Ethical Dilemma ◽  
Normative Ethics ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Ethical Conflict ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Christian Anthropology ◽  
Ethical Perspectives

Ethical perspectives in dealing with conflict in the medical sciences Medical practice is daily confronted with the problem how to deal with ethical conflict. This matter becomes even more difficult when one deals with boarder-situations such as abortion and euthanasia. Here a choice is required between life and death. But it is important to bear in mind that approaching ethical situations requires knowledge of powers such as ideology, technique, etc and paradigms such as Christian anthropology which influence our decisions. Therefore, it seems that ethical models such as situation ethics and casuistry are insufficient to deal with the problem of conflict. In this paper a ethical model is presented to deal with conflict in medical ethics. This model - contextual normative ethics - tries to compromise an ethical dilemma.

scholarly journals History and development of medical ethics- the international norms

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Jay N. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
International Norms ◽  
Publication Ethics ◽  
Broad Field

 Medical ethics encompasses a broad field, including ethics in day to day medical practice, in research and publication. The historical development in the context of international norms of medical ethics is presented here, with brief mention of ‘research and publication ethics’, the latter two being a broad topic in itself.

Phantom Tumors and Hysterical Women: Revising our View of the Schloendorff Case

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 791-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Lombardo
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Medical Ethics ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Patient Autonomy ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Legal Cases ◽  
Medical Authority ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sound Mind

Over the past thirty years, the doctrine of informed consent has become a focal point in discussions of medical ethics. The literature of informed consent explores the evolution of the principle of autonomy, purportedly emerging from the mists of 19th Century medical practice, and finding its earliest articulation in legal cases where wronged citizens asserted their rights against medical authority. A commonplace, if not obligatory, feature of that literature is a reference to the case of Mary Schloendorff and the opinion written by Judge Benjamin Cardozo by which the case is remembered. Commentators today applaud the prescience of Cardozo for an early articulation of what eventually would become bioethical orthodoxy concerning informed consent and its place as a bulwark of patient autonomy. They inevitably quote Cardozo's famous statement, “Every human being of adult years and sound mind has a right to determine what shall be done with his own body.”

scholarly journals ETHICAL DIMENSIONS OF THE FETUS AS A PATIENT

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
F. A. Chervenak ◽  
L. B. McCullough
Keyword(s):  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Pregnant Patient ◽  
Ethical Principle ◽  
Perinatal Medicine ◽  
Respect For Autonomy ◽  
Ethical Concept ◽  
Directive Counseling

Objective: To describe the ethical concept of the fetus as a patient and identify its implications for the deliberative practice of perinatal medicine.Methods: We describe secular medical ethics and its two fundamental principles, beneficence and respect for autonomy. We articulate the ethical concept of the fetus as a patient on the basis of the ethical principle of beneficence.Results: In the deliberative practice of perinatal medicine guided by the ethical concept of the fetus as a patient, the perinatologist should always identify and balance beneficence-based obligations to the fetal patient and beneficence-based and autonomy-based obligations to the pregnant patient. Directive counseling is appropriate when the fetus is a patient. Non-directive counseling is appropriate when the fetus is not a patient.Conclusion: Counseling pregnant women about the clinical management of their pregnancies should always identify and balance beneficence-based obligations to the fetal patient and beneficence-based and autonomy-based obligations to the pregnant patient.

scholarly journals BIOETIKOS METODOLOGINIO PAGRINDO PAIEŠKA (II): VIENAPRINCIPINĖ PRIEIGA

Problemos ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Aistė Bartkienė
Keyword(s):  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
Main Principle ◽  
Small Children ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
Respect For Autonomy ◽  
Traditional Notion

Antrajame svarstomos temos straipsnyje (pirmasis – Bartkienė 2011) analizuojami bioetinių prieštarų sprendimo būdai, pateikti P. Singerio ir T. Engelhardto teorijose. Abu teoretikai naudoja vienaprincipinę prieigą, laikydamiesi nuostatos, kad užtenka vieno esminio principo nustatant normatyvines bioetikosgaires. P. Singeris, plėtodamas utilitarinę poziciją, kvestionuoja tradicinę asmens sampratą. T. Engelhardtas, pabrėždamas pagarbos autonomijai principą, pasiūlo deontologinę bioetikos versiją. Viena vertus, nagrinėjami autoriai formuluoja aiškias normatyvines gaires, reikalingas sprendžiant bioetinesprieštaras. Kita vertus, jų pateikti siūlymai vertintini ypač atsargiai, nes pabrėžiant asmens sampratos reikšmę atmetamos tradicinės medicinos etikos vertybės – geradarybė ir pagarba žmogaus gyvybei. Straipsnyje teigiama, kad aptariamos teorijos, marginalizuodamos labiausiai pažeidžiamas socialinesgrupes, tokias kaip protiškai neįgalūs asmenys ir maži vaikai, atveria kelią dehumanizuotai ir komercializuotai medicinai.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: bioetika, autonomija, geradarybė, žala, teisingumas.A Search for Methodological Basis in Bioethics (II): Monoprinciple ApproachAistė Bartkienė SummaryThe second paper in the series (see Bartkienė 2011) is designated to disclose the ways of solving the bioethical problems proposed by P. Singer and T. Engelhardt. Both thinkers use one principle approach maintaining that a single main principle is sufficient for acquiring basic normative guides in bioethics. Singer develops a utilitarian position and is questioning traditional notion of a person. Engelhardt is emphasizes the principle of respect for autonomy and proposes deontological conception of bioethics. On one hand, these theories offer clear normative guidance for resolving bioethical controversies in the sphere of medicine. On the other hand, these proposals should be evaluated very carefully because by stressing the significanceof the notion of a person both theories reject traditional values of medical ethics, such as beneficence and respect for human life. Marginalizing the mostvulnerable groups of society, such as mentally ill and small children, they open the path for dehumanized and commercialized medicine.Key words: bioethics, autonomy, justice, utilitarianism.  

scholarly journals Business Ethics in Medical Practice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Cojocaru ◽  
◽  
Ayten Güler Dermengi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Business Ethics ◽  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Health Unit ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
The Subject

The aim of the paper is to understand in depth the notion of medical ethics and how it can be applied by medical and auxiliary staff in daily work, whether we are considering a private health unit or a public unit with the same object of activity. The importance of the subject, in the authors' view, although it is always current, comes especially in the context of the need to improve the health of an increasing number of people affected by the SARS Cov2 pandemic, people who use health services.

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