SELECTION CRITERIA FOR CONTEMPORARY ART WORKS AS A SUBSTANTIVE BASIS OF SPIRITUAL AND MORAL EDUCATION OF PUPILS

The article presents the results of the empirical study, which makes it possible to identify the criteria that teachers of general and additional education schools are guided when assessing the possibilities of contemporary art works in solving the problems of students’ spiritual and moral education. The empirical research data are supplemented by the results of theoretical analysis carried out from the humanitarian pedagogical paradigm, which makes it possible to correlate these criteria with the value-semantic nature of spiritual and moral education. There are identified such criteria as the moral norms reflection in contemporary art works, the presence of value content in it, spiritual or ethical conflict that is relevant for students, the form of values representing, problems, ideas corresponding to the students age. As a result, the scientific knowledge about the requirements for the content of students’ spiritual and moral education and the possibilities of contemporary art in solving the problems of spiritual and moral education has been clarified.

Ethical Conflict and Its Psychological Correlates among Hospital Nurses in the Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study within Swiss COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 Wards

Background: During the Covid-19 pandemic, nurses experienced increased pressure. Consequently, ethical concerns and psychological distress emerged. This study aimed to assess nurses’ ethical conflict, resilience and psychological impact, and compare these variables between nurses who worked in Covid-19 wards and nurses who did not. Methods: Design—Multicentre online survey. Setting—Multi-site public hospital; all nursing staff were invited to participate. The survey included validated tools and a novel instrument to assess ethical conflict. Spearman’s rho coefficient was used to assess correlations between ethical conflict and psychological distress, logistic regressions to evaluate relationships between nurses’ characteristics and outcome variables, and the Mann–Whitney/t-test to compare groups. Results: 548 questionnaires out of 2039 were returned (275 = Covid-19; 273 = non-Covid-19). We found a low–moderate level of ethical conflict (median = 111.5 [76–152]), which emerged mostly for seeing patients dying alone. A moderate and significant positive correlation emerged between ethical conflict and psychological distress rs (546) = 0.453, p < 0.001. Nurses working in Covid-19-ICUs (OR = 7.18; 95%CI = 3.96–13.01; p < 0.001) and Covid-19 wards (OR = 5.85; 95%CI = 3.56–9.6; p < 0.001) showed higher ethical conflict. Resilience was a protective factor for ethical conflict. Conclusions: Ethical conflict was significantly linked to psychological distress, while a higher level of resilience was found to be a protective factor. These results can be informative for nursing management in future similar crises.

Psychometric properties of the ethical conflict in nursing questionnaire critical care version among Chinese nurses: a cross-sectional study

Background Ethical conflicts are common in the critical care setting, and have compromised job satisfaction and nursing care quality. Using reliable and valid instruments to measure the ethical conflict is essential. This study aimed to translate the Ethical Conflict in Nursing Questionnaire — Critical Care Version into Chinese and determine the reliability and validity in the population of Chinese nurses. Methods Researchers obtained permission and followed the translation-backward method to develop the Chinese version of the Ethical Conflict in Nursing Questionnaire — Critical Care Version (ECNQ-CCV-C). Relevant psychometric properties were selected according to the Consensus-based standards for the selection of health status measurement instruments checklist. Critical care nurses were recruited from two tertiary public hospitals in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, and Kunming, Yunnan Province. Of the 264 nurses we approached, 248 gave their consent and completed the study. Results The ECNQ-CCV-C achieved Cronbach’s alphas 0.902 and McDonald’s omega coefficient 0.903. The test-retest reliability was satisfactory within a 2-week interval (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.757). A unidimensional structure of the ECNQ-CCV-C was determined. Confirmatory factor analysis supported acceptable structure validity. Concurrent validity was confirmed by a moderate relation with a measure for hospital ethical climate (r = − 0.33, p < 0.01). The model structure was invariant across different gender groups, with no floor/ceiling effect. Conclusions The ECNQ-CCV-C demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity among Chinese nurses and had great clinical utility in critical care nursing.

Leaving in Mascot of Silence: Organizational Determinants of Employee Turnover Intentions in Mediating and Moderating Roles of Quiescent Silence and Coworker Support in a Russian Context

Purpose: Drawing on social exchange theory (SET), this study explores the mediating role of quiescent silence as a link between organizational stressors and turnover intentions among Russian frontline employees (FLEs). Furthermore, we aim to investigate whether coworker support moderates the relationship between quiescent silence and turnover intentions. Research Methods: The study is a cross-sectional survey administered among a sample of 235 FLEs employed in Russian healthcare organizations. We analyzed the data with SmartPLS version 3.0. Findings: The results reveal that ethical conflict and abusive supervision are significantly related to quiescent silence. Quiescent silence mediates the relationship between abusive supervision, ethical conflict, and employee turnover intentions. Managerial Implications: There is a need to provide employees with opportunities to voice their opinions. However, what is crucial is the assurance of employee privacy while motivating them to voice opinions. Managers should be more proactive in diagnosing silence. Originality: This is the first study to explore the mediating role of quiescent silence on the relationship between organizational stressors and employee turnover intentions in a unique Russian healthcare context. The moderating role of coworker support to buffer the relationship between quiescent silence and turnover intentions is unique to this study.

"To Be a Little More Realistic": The Ethical Labour of Suspension among Nightclub Hostesses in Southeast China

This article explores the "ethical labour" of suspension––the conscious effort of deferring one's ethical judgement and reflections in order to avoid irreconcilable ethical conflicts between one's present activities and long-term goals. While people engage in ethical judgement and reflections in everyday social interactions, it is the laborious aspect of regulating one's ethical dispositions that I highlight in the concept of "ethical labour." Although it cannot be directly commodified, ethical labour is a form of labour as it consumes energy and is integral to the performance of other forms of labour, particularly intimate and emotional ones. This formulation of ethical labour draws on my long-term ethnographic research with a group of young women migrants working as hostesses in high-end nightclubs in southeast China. Many of them perform socially stigmatized work with the goal of contributing to their family and saving money for a dignified life in the future. Ethical labour is essential to their hostess work because it enables them to juggle multiple affective relationships and defer the fundamental ethical conflict. They express ethical labour through the phrase "to be a little more realistic," making sure that they obtain what they want at a particular moment. But ethical labour does not simply mean pushing ethical questions aside. It is sustained by conscious effort and is overshadowed by fears of ageing and failure to achieve long-term life goals. Prolonged ethical labour often fails to resolve ethical conflict and may intensify one's stress. My analysis of these women migrants' situation contributes to the sex-as-work debate regarding women's agency in work and their subjection to exploitation.

"To Be a Little More Realistic": The Ethical Labour of Suspension among Nightclub Hostesses in Southeast China

This article explores the "ethical labour" of suspension––the conscious effort of deferring one's ethical judgement and reflections in order to avoid irreconcilable ethical conflicts between one's present activities and long-term goals. While people engage in ethical judgement and reflections in everyday social interactions, it is the laborious aspect of regulating one's ethical dispositions that I highlight in the concept of "ethical labour." Although it cannot be directly commodified, ethical labour is a form of labour as it consumes energy and is integral to the performance of other forms of labour, particularly intimate and emotional ones. This formulation of ethical labour draws on my long-term ethnographic research with a group of young women migrants working as hostesses in high-end nightclubs in southeast China. Many of them perform socially stigmatized work with the goal of contributing to their family and saving money for a dignified life in the future. Ethical labour is essential to their hostess work because it enables them to juggle multiple affective relationships and defer the fundamental ethical conflict. They express ethical labour through the phrase "to be a little more realistic," making sure that they obtain what they want at a particular moment. But ethical labour does not simply mean pushing ethical questions aside. It is sustained by conscious effort and is overshadowed by fears of ageing and failure to achieve long-term life goals. Prolonged ethical labour often fails to resolve ethical conflict and may intensify one's stress. My analysis of these women migrants' situation contributes to the sex-as-work debate regarding women's agency in work and their subjection to exploitation.

Neurochips: Considerations from a neurosurgeon’s standpoint

A neurochip comprises a small device based on the brain-machine interfaces that emulate the functioning synapses. Its implant in the human body allows the interaction of the brain with a computer. Although the data-processing speed is still slower than that of the human brain, they are being developed. There is no ethical conflict as long as it is used for neural rehabilitation or to supply impaired or missing neurological functions. However, other applications emerge as controversial. To the best of our knowledge, there have no been publications about the neurosurgical role in the application of this neurotechnological advance. Deliberation on neurochips is primarily limited to a small circle of scholars such as neurotechnological engineers, artists, philosophers, and bioethicists. Why do we address neurosurgeons? They will be directly involved as they could be required to perform invasive procedures. Future neurosurgeons will have to be a different type of neurosurgeon. They will be part of interdisciplinary teams interacting with computer engineers, neurobiologist, and ethicists. Although a neurosurgeon is not expected to be an expert in all areas, they have to be familiar with them; they have to be prepared to determine indications, contraindications and risks of the procedures, participating in the decision-making processes, and even collaborating in the design of devices to preserve anatomic structures. Social, economic, and legal aspects are also inherent to the neurosurgical activity; therefore, these aspects should also be considered.