Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum and Salmonella typhi Infection and Coinfection and Their Association With Fever in Northern Tanzania

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-155
Author(s):  
Jaffu Chilongola ◽  
Sophia Kombe ◽  
Pius Horumpende ◽  
Rebeka Nazareth ◽  
Elias Sabuni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Northern Tanzania

scholarly journals Contrasting Epidemiology of Salmonella Typhi and Non-Typhi Salmonella Bloodstream Infections at Two Sites in Northern Tanzania

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. S23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamesho Lyamuya ◽  
Baz Nadjm ◽  
George Mtove ◽  
Hugh Reyburn ◽  
Susan C. Morpeth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Northern Tanzania

scholarly journals High Resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to Sulphadoxine/Pyrimethamine in Northern Tanzania and the Emergence of dhps Resistance Mutation at Codon 581

PLoS ONE ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. e4569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samwel Gesase ◽  
Roly D. Gosling ◽  
Ramadhan Hashim ◽  
Rosalynn Ord ◽  
Inbarani Naidoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mutation ◽  
Northern Tanzania ◽  
Sulphadoxine Pyrimethamine

scholarly journals Clinico-Epidemiological Studies of Plasmodium Falciparum and Salmonella Typhi Co-Infection among Patients Attending Selected General Hospital in Northern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 133-143
Author(s):  
Umar Mustapha ◽  
Usman Jamila ◽  
Iliyasu Rabilu Yandoma ◽  
Mansur Sulaiman Aliyu ◽  
Danjuma Faiza Muhammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Malarial Parasite ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Study Participants

Study on the prevalence of co-infection between Plasmodium falciparum and Salmonella typhi among patients in Northern Nigeria was carried out. The study is cross-sectional designed to determine the socio-demographic characteristics as well as the risk factors for malaria and typhoid. A total of 100 consented patients of age group of 21-40 years were recruited for the study. A structured questionnaire was administered, and venous blood samples were collected and analyzed using standard microbiological methods. The isolated salmonella species were biochemically characterized, and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The prevalence of malaria and typhoid was found to be 56% and 68% respectively. The prevalence of malarial parasite and Salmonella typhi infections was 40%. Females recorded low malarial infection of 56.9% compared to their male counterparts 43.1% (P= 0.510). The age group, educational levels and occupations of the study participants were not associated with the likelihood of having malarial parasite infection (P= 0.297, 0.15 and 0.503 respectively). Participants who did not sleep under the insecticide treated nets were more likely to have malaria than those who did (P ≤ 0.0001). The educational levels of the study participants were statistically associated with Salmonella typhi infection (P= 0.026). Water sources, use of pit latrine, hand washing before and after meal were significantly associated with Salmonella typhi infections (P= <0.0001 and P= 0.003 respectively). The isolates of Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi were found to be sensitive to chloramphenicol (86.8%), ciprofloxacin (80.9%) and amoxicillin (79.4%), but relatively resistant to penicillin and augmentin that recorded sensitivities of 19.1% and 35.3% respectively. The prevalence of malaria and typhoid infections as well as malarial parasite and Salmonella typhi co-infections is high among the study population. Fortunately, the isolated bacteria are highly sensitive to chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin.

scholarly journals Molecular Determination of Point Mutation Haplotypes in the Dihydrofolate Reductase and Dihydropteroate Synthase of Plasmodium falciparum in Three Districts of Northern Tanzania

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1347-1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Pearce ◽  
Chris Drakeley ◽  
Daniel Chandramohan ◽  
Frank Mosha ◽  
Cally Roper
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Dihydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Multiple Infection ◽  
Triple Mutant ◽  
Dihydropteroate Synthase ◽  
Northern Tanzania

ABSTRACT The antimalarial combination of sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine (SP) was introduced as first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria in Tanzania during 2001 following 18 years of second-line use. The genetic determinants of in vitro resistance to the two drugs individually are shown to be point mutations at seven sites in the dihydrofolate reductase gene (dhfr) conferring resistance to pyrimethamine and five sites in the dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) gene conferring resistance to sulfadoxine. Different combinations of mutations within each gene confer differing degrees of insensitivity, but information about the frequency with which allelic haplotypes occur has been lacking because of the complicating effects of multiple infection. Here we used a novel high-throughput sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe-based approach to examine the present resistance status of three Plasmodium falciparum populations in northern Tanzania. By using surveys of asymptomatic infections and screening for the presence of all known point mutations in dhfr and dhps genes, we showed that just five dhfr and three dhps allelic haplotypes are present. High frequencies of both triple-mutant dhfr and double-mutant dhps mutant alleles were found in addition to significant interregional heterogeneity in allele frequency. In vivo studies have shown that the cooccurrence of three dhfr mutations and two dhps mutations in an infection prior to treatment is statistically predictive of treatment failure. We have combined data for both loci to determine the frequency of two-locus genotypes. The triple-dhfr/double-dhps genotype is present in all three regions with frequencies ranging between 30 and 63%, indicating that treatment failure rates are likely to be high.

scholarly journals Plasmodium falciparum ve Salmonella Typhi Koenfeksiyonu: Bir Olgu Sunumu

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-178
Author(s):  
Şua Sümer ◽  
Gaye Ural ◽  
Onur Ural
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Salmonella Typhi

Ultrastructural observations on the in vitro cytoadherence of Plasmodium falciparum infected red blood cells

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 914-915
Author(s):  
D.J.P. Ferguson ◽  
A.R. Berendt ◽  
J. Tansey ◽  
K. Marsh ◽  
C.I. Newbold
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Amelanotic Melanoma ◽  
Cytoplasmic Process ◽  
Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

In human malaria, the most serious clinical manifestation is cerebral malaria (CM) due to infection with Plasmodium falciparum. The pathology of CM is thought to relate to the fact that red blood cells containing mature forms of the parasite (PRBC) cytoadhere or sequester to post capillary venules of various tissues including the brain. This in vivo phenomenon has been studied in vitro by examining the cytoadherence of PRBCs to various cell types and purified proteins. To date, three Ijiost receptor molecules have been identified; CD36, ICAM-1 and thrombospondin. The specific changes in the PRBC membrane which mediate cytoadherence are less well understood, but they include the sub-membranous deposition of electron-dense material resulting in surface deformations called knobs. Knobs were thought to be essential for cytoadherence, lput recent work has shown that certain knob-negative (K-) lines can cytoadhere. In the present study, we have used electron microscopy to re-examine the interactions between K+ PRBCs and both C32 amelanotic melanoma cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).We confirm previous data demonstrating that C32 cells possess numerous microvilli which adhere to the PRBC, mainly via the knobs (Fig. 1). In contrast, the HUVEC were relatively smooth and the PRBCs appeared partially flattened onto the cell surface (Fig. 2). Furthermore, many of the PRBCs exhibited an invagination of the limiting membrane in the attachment zone, often containing a cytoplasmic process from the endothelial cell (Fig. 2).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document