scholarly journals Assessing the Social-ecological Resilience of Organic Farmers in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand

2021 ◽  
pp. 631-649
Author(s):  
Chaiteera Panpakdee ◽  
Budsara Limnirankul ◽  
Prathanthip Kramol
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Ecological Resilience ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Chiang Mai ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Organic Farmers ◽  
Chiang Mai Province ◽  
Resilience Indicators

Since resilience is continuing to make its rise to the top of the sustainable development policies, monitoring resilience has become critical because it provides stakeholders with practical actions that can strengthen the state of adaptability to cope with all kinds of change. In this study, resilience, and social theories, such as grounded theory and technography, were integrated as a conceptual framework to produce a specific set of indicators, which yielded forty-seven indices, called social-ecological resilience indicators (SERIs). This study attempts to manage the temporal and spatial scales of resilience systems and to make such indicators suitable for organic rice production systems in four districts of Chiang Mai Province. A questionnaire was utilized to survey fifty-three organic farmers, and the results of the descriptive data analysis indicated that 0.54 (1.00 = the maximum) had been the respondents’ average score. Meanwhile, the highest and the lowest scores were serially 0.69 and 0.40. In addition, the findings revealed that Kendall’s Tau-b rank correlation’s numeric value came closer to +, which meant that the respondents had demonstrated an average tendency to be resilient. Generally, the highest score of resilience existed for those organic farmers, who had been outstanding in creating opportunities for self-organization, such as considerably relying on food and farm materials from the availability of local resources. Moreover, the majority of them were found to have a secondary on-farm profession that was not only subsidizing additional incomes but was also providing new knowledge and opportunities. This contrasted with the group with lowest score. The farmers, who exhibited unsatisfactory resilience, were centralized in dimensions, ranging from a having a lack of diverse water sources to having sufficient competency to exploit the benefits of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). They are, therefore, more prone to being affected by negative pressures. It is recommended that for building resilience, the ‘holy grail’ is boosting self-reliance. This capacity is key to reducing the risk of losing sustenance and enabling stakeholders to apply the appropriate strategies in times of change

scholarly journals Does the COVID-19 pandemic affect social-ecological resilience of organic rice production system in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand?

2021 ◽  
pp. 209-223
Author(s):  
Chaiteera Panpakdee ◽  
Fakjit Palinthorn
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Ecological Resilience ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chiang Mai ◽  
Organic Rice ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Chiang Mai Province

The purpose of this study was to investigate how the COVID-19 pandemic affects the organic rice production system in four districts of Chiang Mai Province. Eight organic farmers were purposefully chosen as informants because they have possessed forty-seven resilience components (SERCs) needed to cope with all kinds of social-ecological change. They were asked using a structured questionnaire to assign each SERC’s contribution value before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, in which each time scoring must be coupled with entailed explanations. Then, the paired samples t-test was run to compare such means of SERCs’ contribution values to examine whether their organic rice production’s resilience was affected by the pandemic and how. Results showed the means of SERCs before and after the pandemic have no significant difference as the p-value is 1.00 at the 95% confidence interval. This meant the pandemic does not influence the organic rice production’s social-ecological resilience. But several practices and qualifications were found varying from the original to make production more suitable. The dependence on household labor and that on mutual labor exchange were respectively increased and decreased in their roles in resilience building. Labor availability was interrupted by the social distancing protocol that had restricted people from gathering. Besides, the household accounts recording was adopted more than usual for being seen as a solution to improving the household economy during the time of financial vulnerability. Importantly, relying on local goods was remarkably recognized for increased importance. This was an attempt to get access to materials possibly free from the COVID-19 contamination because of the absent transportation. These findings provide two key interests. They can be applied as a framework not only to strengthen agricultural resilience but also to propose a blueprint of coping mechanisms against the pandemic at a mass scale.

scholarly journals Mismatches in spatial scale of supply and demand and their consequences for local welfare in Scottish aquaculture

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim O’Higgins ◽  
Karen Alexander ◽  
Marcello Graziano
Keyword(s):  
Systems Approach ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Ecological Resilience ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
Salmon Aquaculture ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Blue Growth ◽  
Marine Areas

Mismatches in spatial scales, or spatial disconnections between causes and effects of ecosystem degradation, can reduce resilience in social–ecological systems. These mismatches can be particularly disruptive in coastal and marine areas, where multiple social and ecological systems are multi-layered. Scotland’s Western Isles have a history of local resource exploitation to meet extra-regional, larger-scale demands, which has resulted in a long process of socio-demographic decline. Salmon aquaculture is a major and expanding industry in the area, often linked to “Blue Growth”. The expansion of this industry operates within and contributes to create several scale mismatches. Combining a systems approach across nested scales with a classification of scale mismatches, this work analyses the characteristics of the Western Isles salmon aquaculture industry, and it explores effects on social–ecological resilience. An extent scale mismatch between the global stocks of fishmeal species and the local capacity to respond to fluctuations is identified. The implications for this mismatch for the Western Isles are discussed. Some potential policy arrangements for incorporating matched spatial scales are considered.

Bidirectional connectivity in rivers and implications for watershed stability and management

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 785-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan W. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Human Impacts ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Ecological Resilience ◽  
Social Ecological Systems ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Watershed Governance ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Natural Scale ◽  
Future Management

River networks are connected in both upstream and downstream directions on large spatial scales by movement of water, materials, and animals. Here I examine the implications of these linkages for the stability, productivity, and management of watersheds and their migratory fishes. I use simple simulations of watershed alteration to illustrate that degradation can erode the productivity and stability of both upstream and downstream fisheries. Through analysis of an existing global dataset on rivers, I found that larger rivers tend to be more fragmented than smaller rivers. I offer three challenges and opportunities for the future management of watersheds. First, given that human impacts can spread up and down rivers, there is a need to align the scales of impact assessments with the natural scale of river systems. Second, free-flowing rivers naturally dampen variability; thus, the conservation of connectivity, habitat, and biodiversity represents a key opportunity to sustain the processes that confer stability. Third, watersheds represent natural units of social–ecological systems; watershed governance would facilitate reciprocal feedbacks between people and ecosystems and enable more social–ecological resilience.

scholarly journals Coffee, Disasters and Social-Ecological Resilience in Guatemala and Chiapas, Mexico

2013 ◽  
pp. 174-180
Author(s):  
Hallie Eakin ◽  
Helda Morales ◽  
Edwin Castellanos ◽  
Gustavo Cruz-Bello ◽  
Juan F. Barrera
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Resilience ◽  
Social Ecological

Multi-level social-ecological networks in a payments for ecosystem services programme in central Veracruz, Mexico

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Alfonso Langle-Flores ◽  
Adriana Aguilar Rodríguez ◽  
Humberto Romero-Uribe ◽  
Julia Ros-Cuéllar ◽  
Juan José Von Thaden
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Payments For Ecosystem Services ◽  
Collaboration Network ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Conservation Activity ◽  
Ecological Importance ◽  
Hydrological Services

Summary Payments for ecosystem services (PES) programmes have been considered an important conservation mechanism to avoid deforestation. These environmental policies act in social and ecological contexts at different spatial scales. We evaluated the social-ecological fit between stakeholders and ecosystem processes in a local PES programme across three levels: social, ecological and social-ecological. We explored collaboration among stakeholders, assessed connectivity between forest units and evaluated conservation activity links between stakeholders and forest units. In addition, to increase programme effectiveness, we classified forest units based on their social and ecological importance. Our main findings suggest that non-governmental organizations occupy brokerage positions between landowners and government in a dense collaboration network. We also found a partial spatial misfit between conservation activity links and the forest units that provide the most hydrological services to Xalapa. We conclude that conservation efforts should be directed towards the middle and high part of the Pixquiac sub-watershed and that the role of non-governmental organizations as mediators should be strengthened to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the local PES programme.

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