Green Productivity in the Indonesian Leather-tanning Industry

Green productivity (GP) is a strategy by which production processes are improved by efficiently using resources and materials and adverse impacts on the environment are reduced. This study aims to measure GP of an Indonesian leather-tanning industry and develop alternatives to current processes that would improve its environmental and economic impacts. Two small to medium tanneries (Tanneries A and B) in two provinces were used as a case study. Data were collected through direct observation, measurements, in-depth interviews, and activity documentation. Material flow was analyzed using a green material flow map to determine the six sources of green wastes and the environmental indicators. The GP Index (GPI) was used to measure GP. The best method by which to improve GP was determined using GPI to a ratio of GP along with expert analysis using an analytical hierarchy process. GPI at Tannery A, located in West Java, was 0.14 with economic and environmental indicators of 1.44 and 10.41, respectively. GPI at Tannery B, located in Central Java, was 0.16 with economic and environmental indicators of 1.60 and 9.99, respectively. GP in both tanneries was low because of their suboptimal use of water. High water consumption can lead to a high discharge of liquid waste. Six alternatives for Tannery A and four for Tannery B were created. According to GPI, GP ratio, and expert opinion, the best strategy by which to improve GP was water recycling in the soaking and liming processes. This strategy increased GPI at Tannery A to 0.18 and at Tannery B to 0.20.

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Chemical Treatment of Liquid Waste Generated from Leather Tannery Industry by Using Alum as Coagulant Material

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.991.178 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 991 ◽

pp. 178-184

Author(s):

Zainus Salimin ◽

Faldy W. Satiyoaji ◽

Dwi A. Prasetya ◽

Achmad Chafidz

Keyword(s):

Chromium Content ◽

Liquid Waste ◽

Quality Standards ◽

Trivalent Chromium ◽

Total Chromium ◽

Chromium Level ◽

A Value ◽

Leather Tanning ◽

Tannery Industry ◽

Tanning Industry

The tannery industry generally produces trivalent chromium waste (Cr3 +) and hexavalent chromium (Cr6 +). This waste before being released into the environment must meet quality standards according to KEPMENLH no.51 / MENLH / 10/1995 concerning liquid quality standards for industrial activities which says the maximum total chromium content is 0.6 ppm. This study aims to reduce the levels of Chromium in waste produced by the leather tanning industry by using alum coagulants. This research uses simulation waste which is made based on the results of BPPT analysis of waste in the leather tanning industry in Tangerang city, namely CV "Lengtat Tangerang Leather". The method used in this research is coagulation-flocculation with alum as a coagulant and lime as an alum reaction assistant in the form of hydroxide ions. The parameters observed in this study were the pH adjustment and the ratio of alum mass to lime mass. From the results of the study it was found that the decrease in the best chromium content for Cr + 3 occurred at a ratio of 5 and pH 8.2 which resulted in a chromium content of 0.0076 ppm with a decrease in percentage of 99.95%. As for the Cr6 + test, at a ratio of 3 and pH 6.4 the chromium content showed a value of 0.4110 ppm. The lowest chromium level occurs at a ratio of 5 and pH of 5.8 which results in a chromium level of 0.3341 ppm with a decrease percentage of 56.61%.

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Teknologi Pengolahan Kandungan Kromium dalam Limbah Penyamakan Kulit Menggunakan Proses Adsorpsi: Review

Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan ◽

10.33795/jtkl.v5i1.207 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 90

Author(s):

Maryudi Maryudi ◽

Aster Rahayu ◽

Refah Syauqi ◽

Muhammad Kresna Islami

Keyword(s):

High Probability ◽

Adsorption Process ◽

Chromium Content ◽

Liquid Waste ◽

Continuous Adsorption ◽

Leather Tanning ◽

Living Things ◽

Chromium Absorption ◽

Specific Potential ◽

Tanning Industry

Permasalahan yang sering terjadi pada industri-industri saat ini adalah pengolahan limbah yang tidak sempurna. Salah satu jenis industri yang memerlukan perhatian serta pengolahannya adalah limbah yang mengandung kromium seperti pada industri penyamakan kulit. Limbah penyamakan kulit masih menyisihkan logam-logam berbahaya dalam limbahnya seperti logam berat kromium (Cr). Kromium yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan olahan kulit yang lebih halus. Sekitar 30-40% kromium akan terbawa dalam limbah cair penyamakan. Tingginya kadar kromium yang tersisa dan terbawa dalam limbah dapat menyebabkan toksisitas akut dan kronis terhadap lingkungan bahkan juga sangat berbahaya terhadap mahluk hidup. Salah satu penanganannya adalah dengan menggunakan metode adsorpsi yang dimana merupakan salah satu metode alternatif dengan berbagai keuntungan yang ada. Biaya penanganan yang relatif murah, proses yang sederhana, dan kemungkinan dapat didaur ulang merupakan beberapa keuntungan dari proses adsorbsi. Selain itu, proses adsorbsi dapat dimaksimalkan dengan menggunakan adsorben yang memiliki spesifikasi potensi tertentu terhadap penyerapan kromium. Artikel ini me-review perbandingan metode adsorbsi batch dan kontinyu pada proses pengolahan kandungan kromium dalam limbah penyamakan kulit.The waste management issue is one of the biggest problems in the industries recently. Every industry has a high probability of releasing toxic by-product to the environment in the form of waste. One example is in the leather tanning industry. Leather tanning waste still removes harmful metals in its waste, such as heavy metal chromium (Cr). Chromium is used to produce finer skin products. About 30-40% chromium will be carried in the tanning liquid waste. The high chromium levels remaining and carried away in the waste can cause acute and chronic toxicity to the environment and even very harmful to living things. Adsorption is one of the highly recommended methods available to overcome this problem. Relatively low handling costs, simple processes, and the possibility of being recycled are some of the adsorption process's advantages. In addition, the adsorption process can be maximized by using adsorbents that have specific potential specifications for chromium absorption. This article reviews batch and continuous adsorption methods in the processing of chromium content in tannery waste.

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ADSORPSI PENCEMARAN LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI PENYAMAKAN KULIT OLEH KITOSAN YANG MELAPISI ARANG AKTIF TEMPURUNG KELAPA

Jurnal Teknosains ◽

10.22146/teknosains.6026 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Musrowati Lasindrang

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Liquid Waste ◽

Quality Standard ◽

Low Ph ◽

Active Charcoal ◽

Treatment Unit ◽

Chitosan Coating ◽

Leather Tanning ◽

Adsorption Capability ◽

Tanning Industry

Chitosan has been used as biosorbent. In addition to having advantages, chitosan as biosorbent also has disadvantages. Chitosan is very soluble in low pH, so it cannot adsorb Cr (total) at low pH. It is because the active site (amine group) of chitosan undergoes protonation, and its adsorption capability is easily influenced by anions in waters. Therefore, this research studied the use of chitosan coating on active charcoal of coconut shell to increase the adsorption capability of Cr (total), BOD, and COD. This research was done to evaluate the characteristics of the liquid waste quality with or without Wastewater treatment unit (IPAL), and compare them with the Regulation of DIY Governor number 7/2010. It also studied the effect of pH and Concentration of chitosan coating on active charcoal as adsorbent on the decrease of Cr (total), BOD, and COD concentration in the liquid waste of leather tanning. The results indicate that the liquid waste of the leather tanning industry with and without Wastewater treatment unit (IPAL) have exceeded the quality standard for the liquid waste of leather tanning industry. An ANOVA statistical test indicated that Cr (total), BOD, and COD are significant at 0.05 (p < 0.05), with various pH influencing the decrease in Cr (total), BOD, and COD. The highest removal percentage resulting from the effect of chitosan concentration coating on active charcoal is obtained in adsorbent C (K3A1), with Cr (total) (91.9%); BOD (99.5%); and COD (98.47%).;

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Use and minimization of water in leather tanning processes

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1999.0051 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 237-244 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

O. Tünay ◽

I. Kabdaşlı ◽

D. Orhon ◽

G. Cansever

Keyword(s):

Water Use ◽

Water Conservation ◽

Complex Structure ◽

Extensive Study ◽

Pollution Load ◽

Leather Processing ◽

Leather Tanning ◽

High Pollution ◽

The Subject ◽

Tanning Industry

Minimization of water use and reuse applications within industry has recently gained importance within the context of water conservation efforts. The leather tanning industry is one of the subject industries due to large amount of water to be disposed of together with a high pollution load. The leather tanning industry has a complex structure in terms of materials, processes and manufacturing practices. Therefore a systematic approach is required to assess water use practice. In this study, bovine leather processing was taken as an example. An extensive study was conducted as on-site evaluations and questionnaires in the İstanbul Organized Leather Tanning District to assess water use practices, patterns and minimization trends. Results of the study were discussed and important aspects of water minimization practices have been pointed out.

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Potensi Masalah Kesehatan Reproduksi Dan Penyimpangan Perilaku Pada Remaja (Potential Problem of Reproduction Health and Distortion of Behavior in Adolescents)

Jurnal Kesehatan ◽

10.46815/jkanwvol8.v9i2.107 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 137

Author(s):

Eka Ratnawati ◽

Desak Putu Kristian Purnamiasih

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Health ◽

Potential Problem ◽

Deviant Behavior ◽

Study Data ◽

Early Marriage ◽

Central Java ◽

Alcohol And Drugs ◽

Quantitative Descriptive ◽

Youth Community ◽

And Child Health

Early marriage is still common in Temanggung, lead to maternal and child health problem in the future. Several factors of early marriage are deviant behavior in sexuality and lack knowledge of reproductive health. This study aims to identify potential problems of reproductive health and behavioral distortion in adolescent. Study design is quantitative descriptive, data collection by means of survey through the google form application that is distributed to youth community groups in Temanggung, Central Java. There were 206 participants involved in this study. Data analysis uses descriptive statistics. Adolescents who expressed understanding of puberty are still very low (38,3%), reluctant to talk about puberty (18,9%), only 64,1% of them realize that is very important to maintain reproductive health, did sex before marriage (2,4%). Friends are the favorite information saource about relationship (72,8%), and internet. Adolescents experience severe problems (82,5%) and often tell stories with firends, did exercise (20,4%), but there were who consume cigarettes, alcohol and drugs even though small percentage. Adolescents in Temanggung have potential for reproductive health, sex before marriage, and abuse of alcohol and drugs. Pernikahan usia dini masih banyak terjadi di Temanggung, yang dapat mengakibat masalah kesehatan ibu dan anak. Pernikah usia dini terjadi dengan beberapa faktornya adalah perilaku yang menyimpang dalam pergaulan dan pengetahuan kesehatan reproduksi yang rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi masalah potensia kesehatan reproduksi dan pemyimpangan perilaku pada remaja. Desain penelitian ini kuantitatif deskriptif, pengambilan data dengan cara survei melalui aplikasi google form yang disebarkan pada kelompok komunitas remaja di Temanggung Jawa Tengah. Partisipan yang terlibat dalam penelitian ini sejumlah 206 orang. Analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif. Remaja yang menyatakan paham terhadap pubertas masih sangat rendah (38,3%), masih ada remaja yang enggan bercerita tentang pubertasnya (18,9%), baru 64,1% remaja menyadari bahwa sangat penting untuk menjaga kesehatan reproduksi, terdapat tindakan seks di luar nikah (2,4%).Teman merupakan sumber informasi favorit terkait pergaulan (72,8%) dan setelah itu adalah internet. Remaja mengalami masalah berat (82,5%) dan banyak bercerita dengan teman, mencari hiburan dengan berolah raga (20,4%), namun ada yang mengkonsumsi rokok, minuman keras dan narkoba walau prosentasenya kecil. Remaja di Temanggung memiliki potensi terhadap terjadinya masalah kesehatan reproduksi dan penyimpangan perilaku seks di luar nikah dan penyalahgunaan minuman keras dan narkoba.

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Assessment of source-based nitrogen removal alternatives in leather tanning industry wastewater

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2002.0428 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 45 (12) ◽

pp. 205-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

G. Zengin, ◽

T. Ölmez ◽

S. Doğruel ◽

I. Kabdaşlı ◽

O. Tünay

Keyword(s):

Ammonium Phosphate ◽

Ammonia Removal ◽

Treatment Alternative ◽

Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate ◽

Leather Tanning ◽

Magnesium Ammonium ◽

Definition Of ◽

Parameter Values ◽

Industry Wastewater ◽

Tanning Industry

Nitrogen is an important parameter of leather tanning wastewaters. Magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) precipitation is a chemical treatment alternative for ammonia removal. In this study, a detailed source-based wastewater characterisation of a bovine leather tannery was made and nitrogen speciation as well as other basic pollutant parameter values was evaluated. This evaluation has led to definition of alternatives for source-based MAP treatment. MAP precipitation experiments conducted on these alternatives have yielded over 90% ammonia removal at pH 9.5 and using stoichiometric doses. Among the alternatives tested liming-deliming and bating-washing was found to be the most advantageous providing 71% ammonia removal.

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