scholarly journals Responses to High Root-zone Temperature Among Cultivars of Red Maple and Freeman Maple

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-85
Author(s):  
Lorna C. Wilkins ◽  
William R. Graves ◽  
Alden M. Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Order Root ◽  
Zone Temperature

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine whether genotypes of red maple (Acer rubrum L.) and Freeman maple (A. x freemanii E. Murray) differ in responses to high root-zone temperature. During the first experiment, dry mass of ‘Franksred’, ‘October Glory’, and ‘Schlesinger’ red maple, ‘Indian Summer’ Freeman maple, and selections from Arkansas, Maine, and Wisconsin were similar at 24, 28, and 32C (75, 82, and 90F), but dry mass at 36C (97F) was only 22% of that at 28C (82F). ‘Autumn Flame’, ‘Franksred’, ‘October Glory’, and ‘Schlesinger’ red maple and ‘Indian Summer’ and ‘Jeffersred’ Freeman maple differed in responses to 34C (93F) during the second experiment. Stem length and plant dry mass were higher at 28C (82F) than at 34C (93F) for all cultivars except ‘Autumn Flame’ and ‘Jeffersred’, and the extent to which 34C (93F) decreased the length of the longest third-order root ranged from 50% for ‘Autumn Flame’ to 90% for ‘Indian Summer’. The higher root-zone temperature decreased transpiration by as little as 25% for ‘Jeffersred’ to as much as 89% for ‘Franksred’, and 34C (93F) reduced leaf chlorophyll content of only ‘Indian Summer’ and ‘Jeffersred’. These results indicate that ‘Franksred’ and ‘Indian Summer’ are relatively sensitive while ‘Autumn Flame’, ‘Jeffersred’, and ‘Schlesinger’ are relatively resistant to high root-zone temperature.

scholarly journals RESISTANCE TO ROOT-ZONE HEAT STRESS DIFFERS AMONG CULTIVARS OF RED MAPLE

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 635b-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorna C. Wilkins ◽  
William R. Graves ◽  
Alden M. Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Terminal Buds ◽  
Zone Temperature

Use of cultivars resistant to high soil temperature could improve the performance of urban trees. The objective of this project was to examine selections of red maple (Acer rubrum L. and A. x freemanii E. Murray) for genotypic differences in resistance to root-zone heat stress. Development of roots and shoots from rooted single-node cuttings of seven genotypes grown in solution culture was optimal at about 28C. Shoot extension stopped within 3 weeks and terminal buds formed on plants of all genotypes at 36C. In a second experiment, the influence of 34C root-zone temperature on development varied significantly among six genotypes. Formation of terminal buds at 34C was observed only on plants of cv. Morgan and cv. Red Sunset. The reduction in new dry matter at 34C compared to plants at 28C ranged from 21% for cv. Schlesinger to 69% for cv. Morgan. We conclude that genotypes of red maple differ in resistance to high root-zone temperature.

Influence of genotype and soil on root fan structures of Acer rubrum

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
Richard J. Medve
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Root Characteristics ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Soil Sterilization ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Order Root

Soils collected from eight different plant communities that contained red maples (Acer rubrum L.) had little effect on root fan structures of red maple seedlings. Seedlings from eight seed sources, grown in the same soil types, showed a significant amount of variation for third order root characteristics. Root fan structures, especially those characteristics relating to beaded rootlets, were significantly affected by soil sterilization. Root fan structures were more copious and developed more rapidly on indigenous seedlings than on seedlings grown under greenhouse conditions.

scholarly journals Propagation Daily Light Integral and Root-Zone Temperature Influence Rooting of Single-internode Pennisetum ×advena Culm Cuttings

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Garrett Owen ◽  
Roberto G. Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Daily Light Integral ◽  
Pennisetum Setaceum ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Light Integral ◽  
Zone Temperature

Crown division, tissue culture, and culm cuttings are methods for propagating purple fountain grass [Pennisetum ×advena Wipff and Veldkamp (formerly known as Pennisetum setaceum Forsk. Chiov. ‘Rubrum’)]. However, propagation by culm cuttings is becoming an economically attractive method for quick liner production. Our objective was to quantify the impact of propagation daily light integral (PDLI) and root-zone temperature (RZT) on root and culm development of single-internode purple fountain grass culm cuttings. Before insertion into the rooting substrate, cuttings were treated with a basal rooting hormone solution containing 1000 mg·L−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) + 500 mg·L−1 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The cuttings were placed in a glass-glazed greenhouse with an air temperature of 23 °C and benches with RZT set points of 21, 23, 25, or 27 °C. PDLIs of 4 and 10 mol·m−2·d−1 (Expt. 1) or 8 and 16 mol·m−2·d−1 (Expt. 2) were provided. After 28 d, culm and root densities (number) increased as the RZT increased from 21 to 27 °C, regardless of PDLI during Expt. 1. Compared with 4 mol·m−2·d−1, a PDLI of 10 mol·m−2·d−1 generally resulted in the greatest root biomass accumulation. For example, as PDLI increased from 4 to 10 mol·m−2·d−1, root dry mass increased by 105%, 152%, and 183% at RZTs of 21, 25, and 27 °C, respectively. In Expt. 2, as the RZT increased from 21 to 23 °C, root dry mass increased by 70% under a PDLI of 8 mol·m−2·d−1. However, root dry mass was similar among all RZTs under a PDLI of 16 mol·m−2·d−1. Our results indicate that single-internode culm cuttings of purple fountain grass can be most efficiently propagated under PDLIs of 8–10 mol·m−2·d−1 together with RZT set points of 23 to 25 °C for quick liner production.

ROOT-ZONE TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON PEAT-BAG-CULTURED GERBERAS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 585-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. TSUJITA ◽  
R. G. DUTTON
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Gerbera Jamesonii ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Heated Soil ◽  
Zone Temperature

Three cultivars of Gerbera jamesonii H. Bolus ex Hook. f. planted in peat bags were grown in greenhouses at 16 °C/12.5 °C/12.5 °C or 16 °C/12.5 °C/22 °C day/night/root-zone temperatures. The yield and stem length of the three gerbera cultivars were substantially enhanced by root-zone heating (16 °C/12.5 °C/22 °C). Placing peat bags on heated soil was effective in maintaining the root-zone temperature for Gerbera production.Key words: Gerbera jamesonii, greenhouse production

scholarly journals The Effect of Phosphorus and Root Zone Temperature on Anthocyanin of Red Romaine Lettuce

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Islam ◽  
Young-Tack Lee ◽  
Mahmuda Mele ◽  
In-Lee Choi ◽  
Ho-Min Kang
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Romaine Lettuce ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Leaf Yield ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Zone Temperature

In this study, phosphorus (P) strength [(full strength: 1×-P, half strength: 0.5×-P and zero strength: 0×-P)] and root zone temperature (10 and 15 °C RZT) were investigated in red romaine lettuce to determine their effects on anthocyanin content. This experiment was conducted using a deep-flow technique (DFT) hydroponic system in a greenhouse during the winter in Gangwon province in the Korea Republic. The treatments were 1×-P (15 and 10 °C RZT), 0.5×-P (15 and 10 °C RZT) and 0×-P (15 and 10 °C RZT). The results showed that the P (phosphorus), K (potassium) and Ca (calcium) accumulation contents were lower in the 0×-P -treated red romaine lettuce leaves than in the other treatments. The maximum red romaine lettuce yields per plant, leaf number and leaf length were exhibited during the 1×-P at 15 °C RZT treatment. In 0×-P at 10 °C, RZT treatment showed lower leaf color values of L*, b*, chrome, ºh and higher leaf color a* values. Moreover, in the 0×-P treatment at 10 °C RZT, the leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD), chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and chlorophyll total were the lowest. Anthocyanin content was the highest in the 0×-P treatment, followed by 0.5×-P and 1×-P treatments at both 15 and 10 °C RZT. Regardless of the P intensity treatment, anthocyanin content was higher at 10 °C RZT than at 15 °C RZT. In summary, the 1×-P at 15 °C RZT treatment is the best for red romaine lettuce leaf yield, and the 0×-P at 10 °C RZT treatment is the best for lettuce leaf anthocyanin content.

scholarly journals Supplementary Irrigation and Mulch Benefit the Establishment of `Heritage' Primocane-fruiting Raspberry

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Percival ◽  
J.T.A. Proctor ◽  
J.A. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation ◽  
Zone Temperature

Field experiments including supplementary trickle irrigation (IR), IRT-76 plastic film (PF), and straw mulch (STR) treatments were conducted during 1993 and 1994 to determine the influence of root-zone temperature and soil moisture status on carbon assimilation and dry mass distribution, and soil and plant nutrient content, during the establishment of Rubus idaeus L. `Heritage' primocane-fruiting raspberries. The IR, PF, and STR treatments were reapplied after the 1993 establishment year to examine their effects on an established, hedgerow planting. Physical environment, vegetative and reproductive data were collected. PF increased root and shoot mass, total flower number, and total berries harvested. Maximum leaf net photosynthetic (Pn) rates were observed under cool air temperatures and root-zone temperature of 25 °C. Field Pn measurements indicated that there was no seasonal decline in Pn. Mulch treatments however, were not beneficial to the established (i.e., 2-year-old) hedgerow planting. The root system of the 2-year-old planting was largely confined to an area within the foliage wall and also at a greater depth from the mulch treatments. Therefore, beneficial effects of mulch management on the growth and development of raspberries may be limited to the establishment year.

Physiology and metabolism of grafted bell pepper in response to low root-zone temperature

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moses Kwame Aidoo ◽  
Tal Sherman ◽  
Naftali Lazarovitch ◽  
Aaron Fait ◽  
Shimon Rachmilevitch
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Low Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Zone Temperature

Low temperature is a prominent limiting factor for tropical originated crops production in temperate regions, particularly during cool-season production. The diverse response of two rootstocks (Canon-sensitive and S103-tolerant to low root-zone temperature) was studied when exposed to aeroponically different temperature regimes at the root zone: constant low temperature of 14°C low root-zone temperature (LRZT), transient exposure to LRZT of 27–14−27°C and control temperature of 27°C. Gas exchange, shoot dry mass, and root morphology were measured. Shifts in central and secondary metabolite levels in the leaves and roots were examined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Low root-zone temperature inhibited photosynthesis and transpiration of both grafted bell pepper plants; however, self-grafted Canon physiology was impeded to a greater extent compared with Canon grafted onto rootstock S103. Rootstock S103 demonstrated higher sink potential contributing to milder reduction of photosynthesis and transpiration during stress compared with self-grafted Canon. This reduction of gas exchange led to a significant reduction of root maximum length and root dry mass in self-grafted Canon in response to the stress at 14°C compared with Canon grafted onto rootstock S103. In response to stress, GC-MS metabolite profiling showed enhance metabolism in both cultivars’ leaves, as well as in the roots irrespective of the developmental stage of the plant. This evidence combined indicates enhance gas exchange and carbon assimilation when bell pepper is grafted on S103 under low root-zone temperature.

EFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENTAL LIGHTING AND ROOT-ZONE TEMPERATURE ON GROWTH OF CHRYSANTHEMUMS IN NUTRIENT FILM

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 585-590
Author(s):  
PETER R. HICKLENTON
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Supplemental Lighting ◽  
Zone Temperature

Winter (8 Nov. – 16 Jan) and spring (28 Feb. – 8 May) crops of Chrysanthemum morifolium ’Polaris’ were grown in nutrient film culture in greenhouses. Supplemental high pressure sodium lighting (80 μmol s−1 m−2) was provided to half the plants in each crop during the first 21 d of growth while root zone temperature (RZT) was maintained at either 12, 20 or 28 °C for the duration of the production period. Root and shoot dry weights and leaf area were increased by supplemental lighting when measured at the end of the vegetative growth stage (14 long days). At maturity, flower and vegetative dry weight, stem length, leaf area and flower number were increased by early supplemental lighting. For stem length and flower dry weight the beneficial effects were greater for the winter crop. Leaf area and root dry weight were reduced at 12 °C RZT, particularly under supplemental lighting. Flower buds were formed more rapidly on plants grown under supplemental lighting and for those grown at 20 or 28 °C RZT. Increasing RZT from 12 to 20 °C was generally more beneficial than an increase from 20 to 28 °C for both vegetative and flower traits.Key words: Chrysanthemum morifolium, irradiance, solution culture, hydrophonics, cut flowers

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