The Effect of Phosphorus and Root Zone Temperature on Anthocyanin of Red Romaine Lettuce

In this study, phosphorus (P) strength [(full strength: 1×-P, half strength: 0.5×-P and zero strength: 0×-P)] and root zone temperature (10 and 15 °C RZT) were investigated in red romaine lettuce to determine their effects on anthocyanin content. This experiment was conducted using a deep-flow technique (DFT) hydroponic system in a greenhouse during the winter in Gangwon province in the Korea Republic. The treatments were 1×-P (15 and 10 °C RZT), 0.5×-P (15 and 10 °C RZT) and 0×-P (15 and 10 °C RZT). The results showed that the P (phosphorus), K (potassium) and Ca (calcium) accumulation contents were lower in the 0×-P -treated red romaine lettuce leaves than in the other treatments. The maximum red romaine lettuce yields per plant, leaf number and leaf length were exhibited during the 1×-P at 15 °C RZT treatment. In 0×-P at 10 °C, RZT treatment showed lower leaf color values of L*, b*, chrome, ºh and higher leaf color a* values. Moreover, in the 0×-P treatment at 10 °C RZT, the leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD), chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and chlorophyll total were the lowest. Anthocyanin content was the highest in the 0×-P treatment, followed by 0.5×-P and 1×-P treatments at both 15 and 10 °C RZT. Regardless of the P intensity treatment, anthocyanin content was higher at 10 °C RZT than at 15 °C RZT. In summary, the 1×-P at 15 °C RZT treatment is the best for red romaine lettuce leaf yield, and the 0×-P at 10 °C RZT treatment is the best for lettuce leaf anthocyanin content.

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Responses to High Root-zone Temperature Among Cultivars of Red Maple and Freeman Maple

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-13.2.82 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 82-85

Author(s):

Lorna C. Wilkins ◽

William R. Graves ◽

Alden M. Townsend

Keyword(s):

Root Zone ◽

Acer Rubrum ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Stem Length ◽

Red Maple ◽

Third Order ◽

Root Zone Temperature ◽

Leaf Chlorophyll ◽

Order Root ◽

Zone Temperature

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine whether genotypes of red maple (Acer rubrum L.) and Freeman maple (A. x freemanii E. Murray) differ in responses to high root-zone temperature. During the first experiment, dry mass of ‘Franksred’, ‘October Glory’, and ‘Schlesinger’ red maple, ‘Indian Summer’ Freeman maple, and selections from Arkansas, Maine, and Wisconsin were similar at 24, 28, and 32C (75, 82, and 90F), but dry mass at 36C (97F) was only 22% of that at 28C (82F). ‘Autumn Flame’, ‘Franksred’, ‘October Glory’, and ‘Schlesinger’ red maple and ‘Indian Summer’ and ‘Jeffersred’ Freeman maple differed in responses to 34C (93F) during the second experiment. Stem length and plant dry mass were higher at 28C (82F) than at 34C (93F) for all cultivars except ‘Autumn Flame’ and ‘Jeffersred’, and the extent to which 34C (93F) decreased the length of the longest third-order root ranged from 50% for ‘Autumn Flame’ to 90% for ‘Indian Summer’. The higher root-zone temperature decreased transpiration by as little as 25% for ‘Jeffersred’ to as much as 89% for ‘Franksred’, and 34C (93F) reduced leaf chlorophyll content of only ‘Indian Summer’ and ‘Jeffersred’. These results indicate that ‘Franksred’ and ‘Indian Summer’ are relatively sensitive while ‘Autumn Flame’, ‘Jeffersred’, and ‘Schlesinger’ are relatively resistant to high root-zone temperature.

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Effect of the Root Zone Temperature and Salt Stress on Plant Growth, Main Branches and some other Chemical Characteristics of Tomato Fruit

Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.37077/25200860.2019.153 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 170-181

Author(s):

Dhulfiqar J. Hmiz ◽

Gholamhossein Davarynejad ◽

Bahram Abedi ◽

Ihsn J. Ithbayyib

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Root Zone ◽

Total Sugar ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Phenol Content ◽

Root Zone Temperature ◽

The Impact ◽

Zone Temperature

In order to study the impact of salt stress (0, 1.5, 3 and 6) ds.m-1 in nutrient’s solution on tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. memory) at different root zone temperature [low (20°C), medium (25°C) and high (30°C)], an experiment was carried at Department of Horticultural, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran. The result showed that low and high root zone heating decreased leaf area, total sugar and phenol content compared to root zone temperature 25°C (optimum), while main branches number, pH, E.C. and anthocyanin of fruit increased at high root zone temperature compared to low root zone temperature. Flavonoid increased under the root zone temperature of 20°C in comparison with temperatures 25 and 30°C, and stem diameter was not affected by root zone heating. Furthermore, salt stress at the level of 3 ds.m-1 increased stem diameter, total sugar, pH and EC of fruit, leaf area and phenol content, whereas salt stress at a high level (6 ds.m-1) increased flavonoid content. Besides, anthocyanin content decreased in control and salt stress at 6 ds.m-1 when compared to salt stress at 3 ds.m-1.

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The effects of low root-zone temperature stress on two soybean (Glycine max) genotypes when combined with Bradyrhizobium strains of varying geographic origin

Physiologia Plantarum ◽

10.1034/j.1399-3054.1994.900116.x ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 90 (1) ◽

pp. 105-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

D. H. Lynch ◽

D. L. Smith

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Temperature Stress ◽

Root Zone ◽

Geographic Origin ◽

Root Zone Temperature ◽

Low Root Zone Temperature ◽

Zone Temperature

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Insulative effect of plastic mulch systems and comparison between the effects of different plant types

Open Agriculture ◽

10.1515/opag-2020-0028 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 317-324

Author(s):

Kayla Snyder ◽

Christopher Murray ◽

Bryon Wolff

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Root Zone ◽

Plastic Mulch ◽

Root Zone Temperature ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Black Film ◽

Black And White ◽

Mulch Film ◽

Mulch Films ◽

Zone Temperature

AbstractTo address agricultural needs of the future, a better understanding of plastic mulch film effects on soil temperature and moisture is required. The effects of different plant type and mulch combinations were studied over a 3.5-month period to better grasp the consequence of mulch on root zone temperature (RZT) and moisture. Measurements of (RZT) and soil moisture for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), pepper (Capsicum annuum) and carrot (Daucus carota) grown using polyolefin mulch films (black and white-on-black) were conducted in Ontario using a plot without mulch as a control. Black mulch films used in combination with pepper and carrot plants caused similar RZTs relative to uncovered soil, but black mulch film in combination with tomato plants caused a reduction in RZT relative to soil without mulch that increased as plants grew and provided more shade. White-on-black mulch film used in combination with tomatoes, peppers or carrots led to a reduction in RZT relative to soil without mulch that became greater than the temperature of soil without mulch. This insulative capability was similarly observed for black mulch films used with tomato plants. Apart from white-on-black film used in combination with tomatoes, all mulch film and plant combinations demonstrated an ability to stabilize soil moisture relative to soil without mulch. RZT and soil moisture were generally stabilized with mulch film, but some differences were seen among different plant types.

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EMERGENCE AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF INBRED LINES OF CORN AT SUBOPTIMAL ROOT-ZONE TEMPERATURES

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps87-059 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 67 (2) ◽

pp. 409-415 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

A. MENKIR ◽

E. N. LARTER

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Root Zone ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

Root Zone Temperature ◽

Emergence Percentage ◽

Zone Temperature

Based on the results of an earlier paper, 12 inbred lines of corn (Zea mays L.) were evaluated for emergence and seedling growth at three controlled root-zone temperatures (10, 14, and 18 °C). Low root-zone temperatures, 10 and 14 °C, were detrimental to emergence, seedling growth, and root growth of all inbred lines. Differential responses of inbred lines were observed within each temperature regime. The differences in seedling emergence among lines became smaller with increasing root-zone temperature, while the reverse was true for seedling dry weight. Simple correlation coefficients showed a significantly (P = 0.05) negative association between emergence percentage and emergence index (rate). Neither of these two emergence traits was significantly correlated with seedling dry weights. Seedling dry weights were significantly (P = 0.01) and positively associated with root dry weights. Two inbred lines exhibited good tolerance to low root-zone temperatures, viz. CO255 and RB214. A significant and positive correlation existed between emergence percentage at a root-zone temperature of 10 °C and field emergence in test with the same genotypes reported earlier. Selection at a root-zone temperature of 10 °C for a high percentage of seedling emergence, therefore, could be effective in identifying genotypes capable of germinating in cool soils. Furthermore, the significantly (P = 0.01) positive relationship between seedling dry weights at all root-zone temperatures and those from the field test suggest that strains with vigorous seedling growth in the field could be identified using low root-zone temperature regimes.Key words: Zea mays, root-zone temperature, cold tolerance

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Effects of root zone temperature on root initiation and elongation in red pine seedlings

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x86-125 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 696-700 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Chris P. Andersen ◽

Edward I. Sucoff ◽

Robert K. Dixon

Keyword(s):

Root Elongation ◽

Root Zone ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Red Pine ◽

Root Tip ◽

Root Initiation ◽

Root Zone Temperature ◽

Pine Seedlings ◽

Zone Temperature

The influence of root zone temperature on root initiation, root elongation, and soluble sugars in roots and shoots was investigated in a glasshouse using 2-0 red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.) seedlings lifted from a northern Minnesota nursery. Seedlings were potted in a sandy loam soil and grown in chambers where root systems were maintained at 8, 12, 16, or 20 °C for 27 days; seedling shoots were exposed to ambient glasshouse conditions. Total new root length was positively correlated with soil temperature 14, 20, and 27 days after planting, with significantly more new root growth at 20 °C than at other temperatures. The greatest number of new roots occurred at 16 °C; the least, at 8 °C. Total soluble sugar concentrations in stem tissue decreased slightly as root temperature increased. Sugar concentrations in roots were similar at all temperatures. The results suggest that root elongation is suppressed more than root tip formation when red pine seedlings are exposed to the cool soil temperatures typically found during spring and fall outplanting.

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