scholarly journals Compost and Rubber Tire Chips as Peat Substitutes in Nursery Container Media: Growth Effects

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Calkins ◽  
Beth R. Jarvis ◽  
Bert T. Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Volume Number ◽  
Tire Chips ◽  
Rubber Tire ◽  
Lamiastrum Galeobdolon ◽  
Width Measurements ◽  
Materials Used

Abstract This research investigated the feasibility of using composted yard wastes, composted municipal solid waste and shredded rubber tire chips in nursery container media. Containerized Physocarpus opulifolius ‘Dart's Gold’, Forsythia × ‘Meadowlark’, Spiraea × billiardii, Juniperus chinensis ‘Seagreen’, J. sabina ‘Mini Arcade’, J. horizontalis ‘Hughes’, and Lamiastrum galeobdolon were grown in media amended with five recycled waste materials used as peat substitutes in a standard container medium of composted woodchips, peat, and sand (3:2:1 by vol). Waste materials used included three yard waste composts, one municipal solid waste compost and shredded rubber tire chips. Fifty or 100% of the peat in the standard growing medium was replaced with each amendment. Ten treatments (five amendments, each at 50% and 100% peat replacement) and a control (standard medium) were used for all seven plant species. Visual ratings, height and width measurements (crown volume), number of growing points and plant dry weights indicated that media in which 50% of the peat was replaced by an amendment produced larger plants of superior quality compared to the control. Rubber tire chips were acceptable as a 50% peat substitute for plants that prefer well-drained conditions, while 100% peat substitution with tire chips was detrimental to plant growth and performance. Use of immature compost in container media negatively influenced plant growth.

Anaerobic digestibility of two processed municipal-solid-waste materials

Biomass ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Rivard ◽  
Todd B. Vinzant ◽  
William S. Adney ◽  
Karel Grohmann ◽  
Michael E. Himmel
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Anaerobic Digestibility

Opportunities for Composites from Recycled Wood Based Resources

1992 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore H. Wegner ◽  
John A. Youngquist ◽  
Roger M. Rowell
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Waste Stream ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Waste Wood ◽  
Agriculture Wastes

AbstractA reduction is urgently needed in the quantities of industrial and municipal solid waste materials that are currently being landfilled. Major components of municipal solid waste include waste wood, paper, agriculture wastes, and other biomass fibers. In 1990, there were approximately 80 million tons of 6,000 different paper and paperboard products and 5.8 million tons of wood in the municipal solid waste stream. There are also potential millions of tons of wood fiber in timber thinnings, industrial wood waste, demolition waste, pallets, and pulp mill sludges. These materials offer great opportunities as recycled ingredients in wood-based composites. This paper discusses possibilities for manufacturing selected composites from these materials as well as materials which coexist with the wood-based resources such as plastics, fly ash, and gypsum.

scholarly journals The Perceived Role of Financial Incentives in Promoting Waste Recycling—Empirical Evidence from Finland

Recycling ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Abila ◽  
Jussi Kantola
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Financial Incentive ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Sustainable Waste Management ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Significant Difference

Placing emphasis on promoting the reduction, reuse, recycling, recovery and repair of waste has been a critical aspect of the sustainable waste management agenda. Considering recycling, an environmentally friendly and sustainable waste management option, monetary rewards are in place for certain recyclable municipal waste materials in Finland. The study investigates consumers’ perception about the role of financial incentives in effecting the recycling of municipal solid waste materials in Finland. The study also considers drivers for recycling municipal solid waste on the basis of behavioural change factors, such as environmental risk, behavioural economics, resource value, economic benefit, convenience, knowledge, legislation and belief. It further determines the association between income-earning consumers and non-income-earning consumers in their perception of financial incentives for recycling. The empirical results from the study confirm that the role of financial incentive is important in accelerating the recycling of municipal solid waste. A weak-to-positive relationship exists between drivers for recycling municipal solid waste and recycling behaviour. There exists no statistically significant difference in the means of the perceived role of financial incentives for recycling in the two groups. The introduction of financial incentives for other recyclable wastes is required in order to boost consumers’ participation in the recycling of municipal solid waste. The need to pay more attention to intrinsic and extrinsic factors, as they affect the participation members of the society in the recycling of municipal solid waste, is paramount. This has become necessary in ensuring sustainable waste management in Finland.

Plasmatron gasification of biomass lignocellulosic waste materials derived from municipal solid waste

Energy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 82-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Je-Lueng Shie ◽  
Li-Xun Chen ◽  
Kae-Long Lin ◽  
Ching-Yuan Chang
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Lignocellulosic Waste

scholarly journals Compost and Rubber Tire Chips as Peat Substitutes in Nursery Container Media: Effects on Chemical and Physical Media Properties

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 122-129
Author(s):  
Beth R. Jarvis ◽  
James B. Calkins ◽  
Bert T. Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Control Medium ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Tire Chips ◽  
Rubber Tire ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Lamiastrum Galeobdolon ◽  
Water Holding

Abstract Physocarpus opulifolius ‘Dart's Gold’, Forsythia x ‘Meadowlark’, Spiraea x billiardii, Juniperus chinensis ‘Seagreen’, J. sabina ‘Mini Arcade’, J. horizontalis ‘Hughes’, and Lamiastrum galeobdolon were grown in container media amended with three yard waste (YW) composts, one municipal solid waste (MSW) compost and shredded rubber tire chips. Each of the five amendments was used to replace 50% or 100% of the sphagnum peat in a standard container medium resulting in eleven media treatments. Effects of peat replacement with compost or tire chips were compared relative to chemical and physical media characteristics. Amendments evaluated had limited long term nutritional value. Initial pH was increased when peat was replaced with compost or rubber tire chips; the increase in pH was proportional to the amount of peat replaced (50 or 100%). Over time, pH of all media equilibrated with irrigation water pH. Soluble salts were reduced for media amended with rubber tire chips while peat replacement with compost had variable effects on soluble salt levels based on compost source. Media amended with compost exhibited increased bulk density and decreased porosity, water infiltration capacity and water holding capacity compared to the standard, peat-based control medium. Peat replacement with rubber tire chips increased bulk density and porosity and decreased water holding capacity compared to the standard control medium. Water infiltration capacity was greatly increased and water holding capacity decreased when peat was replaced 100% with rubber tire chips.

Plasma Arc Gasification for Solid Waste Disposal: Update on St. Lucie County, Florida Project

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Makled ◽  
E. J. Grotke
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Melting Furnace ◽  
The United States ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Plasma Arc ◽  
Energy Potential

Plasma arc gasification is an emerging technology for generation of renewable energy and other by-products from a variety of waste. This bold technology is under development in a number of locations around the world, although it is too early to fully know if the technology is technically feasible and economically viable on a truly heterogeneous municipal waste stream like that found in the U.S. Plasma arc technology in the United States in other applications dates back approximately 40 years when it was utilized by NASA to test heat shield materials for spacecraft. In 1989, plasma arc technology was used in an iron melting furnace in Defiance, Ohio (USA). Plasma arc gasification has been used in municipal solid waste destruction since 1999 in Japan for destruction of solid waste and automobile shredder residue. Plasma arc gasification heats waste materials to temperatures in excess of 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit (°F) to break the molecular bonds and gasify the materials. This liberates the energy potential of the waste materials and melts the residue to an inert, glass-like slag, which may be used as an aggregate in construction and manufacturing operations. If this market can be developed, it will significantly reduce the need for landfill disposal in the future. St. Lucie County, Florida (USA), is in the process of negotiating with a developer for the construction of a plasma arc gasification facility that will process 1,000 tons per day of municipal solid waste. The facility may be the first large scale solid waste plasma arc processing facility in the United States. Camp Dresser & McKee is assisting St. Lucie County to negotiate the agreements for this project. The project is expected to be privately financed, so the County will not be putting any money at risk. In this paper, we will describe the plasma arc technology, present its historical applications, and discuss the St. Lucie project from initial conception to its current status.

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