scholarly journals Sethoxydim (Poast) and Oxyfluorfen (Goal) Efficacy and Tolerance by Landscape Plants

1984 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 120-122
Author(s):  
C. Benjamin Coffman ◽  
J. Ray Frank ◽  
Walter A. Gentner
Keyword(s):  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Crop Quality ◽  
Echinochloa Crusgalli ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
Landscape Plants ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Weed Cover

Granular Goal (oxyfluorfen) [2-chloro-1-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(tri-fluoromethyl)benzene] at 4.5 kg/ha (4.0 lb/A) was applied to 8 species of woody landscape plants alone or with a following postemergence application of Poast (sethoxydim) [2-(1-(ethoxyimino)butyl)-5-(2-(ethylthio)propyl)-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one] at 0.6 or 1.1 kg/ha (0.5 or 1.0 lb/A). Sethoxydim was applied with and without crop oil (1%, v/v). These treatments were made one time in 1981 and 1982. Applications of Poast (sethoxydim) at 0.6 kg/ka (0.5 lb/A) with or without crop oil controlled barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.], giant foxtail (Setaria faberi Herrm.), and large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.]. Goal (oxyfluorfen) alone at 4.5 kg/ha (4.0 lb/A) reduced the rate of estasblishment of the perennial broadleaf weeds Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense (L.) Cyrillo] and white heath aster (Aster pilosus Willd.). Up to 86% reduction in total weed cover was obtained when Goal (oxyfluorfen) application was followed by Poast (sethoxydim). Crop quality was not affected by any herbicide treatments.

scholarly journals Weed Management with Fluazifop (Fusilade), Haloxyfop (Verdict), Sethoxydim (Poast) and Oxyfluorfen (Goal) in Groundcovers and Woody Landscape Plants

1987 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-88
Author(s):  
C. Benjamin Coffman ◽  
J. Ray Frank
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Conyza Canadensis ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Landscape Plants ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Weed Cover ◽  
Panicum Dichotomiflorum ◽  
Over Time

Annual preemergence applications of granular Goal (oxyfluorfen) [2-chloro-l-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzene] at 4.5 kg/ha (4.0 lb/A) were applied on several kinds of woody landscape plants alone or with a subsequent postemergence treatment of either Fusilade (fluazifop) [( ± )-2-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy]propanoic acid], Verdict (haloxyfop) [2-[4-[[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy] propanoic acid] or Poast (sethoxydim) [2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one] at 0.3 kg/ha (0.25 lb/A) or 0.6 kg/ha (0.5 lb/A). The postemergence treatments were also applied without previous applications of Goal. The investigation was conducted at Beltsville, Maryland, from 1983 through 1985. Application of Goal (oxyflurofen) alone reduced the yearly growth of broadleaf and grass weeds, however, over-time horseweed (Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq.) and white heath aster (Aster pilosus Willd.) increased their contribution to the weed cover. Annual grass weeds including fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx.), large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.), giant foxtail (Seteria faberi Herrm.), and stinkgrass (Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) E. Mosher) were significantly reduced by applications of Fusilade, Verdict, and Poast. Weed cover reductions up to 60% resulted from treatments by Goal followed by anyone of the three grass herbicides. Hinocrimson azalea was injured by applications of Fusilade at 0.3 kg/ha (0.25 lb/A) and Verdict at 0.6 kg/ha (0.5 lb/A).

Influence of Tillage Systems on Giant Foxtail,Setaria faberi, and Velvetleaf,Abutilon theophrasti, Density and Control in Corn,Zea mays

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 642-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas D. Buhler ◽  
Tommy C. Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
No Till ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Chisel Plow ◽  
And Control

Giant foxtail density in corn was greater under no-till and chisel plow tillage systems than conventional or till plant. Giant foxtail density in no-till was 1400 shoots/m256 days after corn planting compared to 170 under conventional tillage. Velvedeaf density was greater under conventional tillage than all other tillage systems. Velvetleaf density was 120 plants/m256 days after corn planting under conventional tillage compared to 20 in no-till. Control of giant foxtail was often less under no-till or chisel plow conditions than conventional or till plant with the same herbicide treatment. Giant foxtail control with metolachlor treatments was affected less by tillage than similar treatments containing alachlor. Velvedeaf control was less with conventional tillage than other tillage systems when less than 1.7 kg/ha of atrazine was applied. Corn injury was not influenced by tillage systems. Corn yield was not affected by tillage systems under weed-free conditions. Several herbicide treatments resulted in corn yield similar to the weed-free under conventional tillage, but no herbicide treatment produced corn yield similar to the weed-free control under no-till conditions.

Using the Rosette Technique for Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) Control in Row Crops

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett R. Miller ◽  
Rodney G. Lym
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Row Crop ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Standard Practices

Clopyralid applied to Canada thistle rosettes has provided better control in the following growing season than applications to bolted plants. The objectives of this research were to determine if using cultivation to prevent plants from bolting prior to herbicide application (the rosette technique) could be successfully incorporated into a row crop production system and to evaluate the effect of Canada thistle growth stage on the absorption and translocation of14C-clopyralid. Canada thistle control 8 mo after postharvest herbicide treatment (MAFT) using the rosette technique was similar to control when using conventional in-crop plus postharvest herbicide treatments in corn and soybean. Glyphosate and clopyralid plus 2,4-D were the most consistent postharvest herbicide treatments for Canada thistle control 8 MAFT in corn and soybean. Corn yields were similar, but soybean yields were slightly lower when Canada thistle was controlled using cultivation compared to conventional herbicide treatments.14C-clopyralid translocation to Canada thistle roots and lower shoot parts was greater when clopyralid was applied to the rosette stage than when applied to bolted Canada thistle plants. The increased translocation probably accounts for the increased Canada thistle control observed in the field. Incorporating the rosette technique into a weed management program should allow growers to control Canada thistle with less herbicide input than do standard practices.

Seedbed Tillage and Herbicide Influence on Soybean (Glycine max) Weed Control and Yield

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 520-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Kapusta
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
No Till ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Naphthylphthalamic Acid ◽  
Tillage Method ◽  
Panicum Dichotomiflorum

Twenty herbicide treatments were evaluated on conventional-till (plow, disc, and harrow), minimum-till (disc only), and no-till planted soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] from 1976 through 1978 at the Belleville Research Center in St. Clair County, Illinois. The soil type was a Weir silt loam (Typic Ochraqualf) characterized by poor internal drainage and 1.2% organic matter. Weed population by species, weed control, and soybean population, injury, and yield were obtained. Fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorumMichx.) and giant foxtail (Setaria faberiHerrm.) were the dominant species in all tillage systems, exceeding 1 million plants/ha in the conventional and no-till plots. These species and ivyleaf morningglory [Ipomoea hederacea(L.) Jacq.] were the most difficult to control each year. Weed control was the poorest in the no-till plots because of the large size of the weeds at the time of herbicide application, insufficient rainfall following, and because the plots were not cultivated. The soybean population was equal in all tillage systems except in 1976 when the no-till population exceeded that in the other tillage systems. Treatments that included oryzalin (3,5-dinitro-N4,N4-dipropylsulfanilamide) caused 42 and 35% soybean injury in the 1976 minimum and no-till plots, respectively. Postemergence-applied naptalam (N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid) plus dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol) caused leaf burn each year that ranged from 5 to 35% but all plants recovered within several weeks of application. The seedbed tillage method and herbicide treatments did not significantly affect soybean yields in 1976 when all the herbicides were effective. No-till yields in 1977 and 1978 were substantially lower than yields in conventional and minimum-till plots because of poor weed control. Soybean yields were 2506, 2466, and 1714 kg/ha in the conventional-till, minimum-till, and no-till plots, respectively, when averaged over the 3 yr and 20 herbicide treatments.

Tridiphane as a Synergist for Herbicides in Corn (Zea mays) and Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum)

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail Ezra ◽  
Jack H. Dekker ◽  
Gerald R. Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Tridiphane [2-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethyl)oxirane] is a potent synergist of atrazine for postemergence control of weeds such as giant foxtail (Setaria faberiHerrm. ♯ SETFA) and large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop. ♯ DIGSA]. We determined whether: a) tridiphane could syngergize the activity of other herbicides known to be detoxified via enzymatic conjugation to glutathione, and b) differential toxicities of the synergized herbicides could provide control of proso millet (Panicum miliaceumL. ♯ PANMI) in corn (Zea maysL. “PAG SXIII”). Four herbicides were used in this study: EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate), atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine], CDAA (N-N-diallyl-2-chloroacetamide), and alachlor [2-chloro-2’,6’-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl) acetanilide]. Herbicides and herbicide-synergist combinations were applied postemergence. In corn, tridiphane synergized the activity of EPTC at 2 and 4 kg ai/ha, causing 22 to 25% growth reduction. Atrazine was ineffective and CDAA only slightly effective in combination with tridiphane in causing growth reduction. However, alachlor was markedly synergized by tridiphane at both 2 and 4 kg ai/ha, resulting in 36 to 54% growth reduction compared with plants treated with herbicides alone. Proso millet followed a similar trend to corn: EPTC and alachlor were effectively synergized by tridiphane, while atrazine and CDAA were ineffective. Importantly, however, the rates of herbicide used for proso millet control were much lower than those used for corn. Our data suggest that tridiphane used in combination with EPTC or alachlor could provide improved control of proso millet in corn.

Consecutive Annual Applications of Alachlor and Metolachlor to Continuous No-Till Corn (Zea mays)

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Peyton Doub ◽  
Henry P. Wilson ◽  
Thomas E. Hines ◽  
Kriton K. Hatzios
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
No Till ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Panicum Dichotomiflorum ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Consecutive annual applications of alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide] and metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] were made to continuous no-till corn (Zea maysL. ‘Pioneer 3184’ in 1982 and 1983, ‘Pioneer 3744’ in 1984, and ‘Pioneer 3378’ in 1985 to 1987). In a 5-yr study, control of the dominant annual grass species, large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop. # DIGSA], by alachlor declined to less than 50% by the fifth year. Control of large crabgrass by metolachlor remained greater than 80% throughout the study but metolachlor allowed the establishment of a greater fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorumMichx. # PANDI) population in this and an additional 3-yr study than in chloroacetamide-free checks. In the 3-yr study in which giant foxtail (Setaria faberiHerrm. # SETFA) was dominant, annual applications of metolachlor and a microencapsulated formulation of alachlor provided better control in the second year than the emulsifiable concentrate formulation of alachlor, but formulation differences diminished in the third year.

Effectiveness and economics of repeated sequences of herbicides for Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) control in reduced-till spring wheat (Triticum aestivum)

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 599-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. Donald ◽  
Tony Prato
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Several postemergence herbicides applied in fall for 2 yr either alone or followed by other spring-applied herbicides for 4 yr reduced densities of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.) infesting reduced-till spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). However, fall-applied herbicides for 2 yr had little value for maintaining long-term Canada thistle control, unless supplemented by in-crop herbicide treatment. Neither fall-applied dicamba at 1.7 or 2.2 kg ha−1, glyphosate at 1.7 kg ha−1 plus nonionic surfactant, nor 2,4-D at 1.7 kg ha−1 applied each of 2 yr kept Canada thistle densities below that of the untreated check through year five. Spring-applied chlorsulfuron at 30 g ha−1 plus nonionic surfactant for each of four consecutive years reduced Canada thistle density in wheat to the same extent as fall-applied dicamba followed by chlorsulfuron applied in wheat. Fall herbicide treatments, with or without in-crop herbicide treatments, were economically risky and were seldom profitable. The relative ranking of farmer preference for five treatments common to two trials was similar: untreated check ≥ spring-applied chlorsulfuron at 30 g ha−1 ≥ fall-applied dicamba at either 1.7 or 2.2 kg ha−1 (rank reverses between trials 1 and 2) ≥ fall-applied dicamba at 2.2 kg ha−1 followed by spring-applied chlorsulfuron at 30 g ha−1. The only treatments that were preferred to the untreated check were both spring-applied 2,4-D at 560 g ha−1 and fall-applied 2,4-D at 1.7 kg ha−1 in trial 1 and both spring-applied (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy) acetic acid (MCPA) plus bromoxynil 280 plus 280 g ha−1, respectively, and spring-applied 2,4-D plus clopyralid at 280 plus 70 g ha−1, respectively, in trial 2.Key words: Bromoxynil + MCPA, chlorsulfuron, dicamba, glyphosate, 2,4-D

scholarly journals Response of Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) and Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) Clones to Chlorsulfuron, Clopyralid, and Glyphosate

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ray Frank ◽  
Thomas J. Tworkoski
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Leafy Spurge ◽  
Euphorbia Esula ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Cross Tolerance ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

Response of clones of Canada thistle from North America and leafy spurge from North America and Eurasia to treatment with chlorsulfuron, clopyralid, and glyphosate was determined. Roots of Canada thistle plants from different locations responded differentially to injury from chlorsulfuron and clopyralid but not to glyphosate. Clones of Canada thistle varied significantly in response to all herbicide treatments. Roots of leafy spurge plants from different locations were differentially susceptible to injury from glyphosate. Clones of leafy spurge varied significantly for all responses to each herbicide. The differential effects of chlorsulfuron, glyphosate, and clopyralid on clones of Canada thistle and leafy spurge suggest that genetically-based differences may account for the failure of the herbicides to kill all plants within collection locations or between collection locations. Cross tolerance to the herbicides was not found in leafy spurge or Canada thistle.

Response of Three Annual Grasses to Fluazifop

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 693-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey F. Derr ◽  
Thomas J. Monaco ◽  
Thomas J. Sheets
Keyword(s):  
Butyl Ester ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
Species Response ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Large Crabgrass

In greenhouse studies, the butyl ester of fluazifop {(±)-2-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy]propanoic acid} applied preemergence at 0.035 kg ai/ha gave 91% control of goosegrass (Eleusine indicaGaertn. ♯ ELEIN), 79% control of large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop. ♯ DIGSA], and 73% control of giant foxtail (Setaria faberiHerrm. ♯ SETFA). In field studies, the butyl ester of fluazifop at 0.56 kg ai/ha applied preemergence gave 79% control of goosegrass, 76% control of large crabgrass, and 53% control of giant foxtail. The butyl ester of fluazifop at 0.07 kg/ha gave 79 to 85% control of each grass at the pretillering stage in field studies. The same rate applied at the early tillering stage gave 84% control of goosegrass but only 53 and 58% control of large crabgrass and giant foxtail, respectively. Relative species response was similar from spray and leaf-spot applications of the herbicide. The butyl ester of fluazifop at 4 μg/plant when spot-applied to leaves of the three grasses at the tillering stage resulted in 65% control of goosegrass but only 20 and 25% control of large crabgrass and giant foxtail, respectively.

Effect of Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) and Musk Thistle (Carduus nutans) Control on Grass Herbage

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick E. Reece ◽  
Robert G. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Carduus Nutans ◽  
The Third ◽  
Grass Production ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Acetic Acid Treatment ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

All herbicide treatments controlled the initial stand of Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense(L.) Scop.] and musk thistle (Carduus nutansL.) on a subirrigated range site. Annual retreatment controlled seedlings and the few plants that emerged from surviving root remnants after the first application. Average perennial grass production on unfertilized, herbicide-treated plots increased 110, 314, and 212%/yr over unfertilized check plots during the 3-yr period of treatment, i.e., 960, 3450, and 4300 kg/ha, respectively. Grasses did not fully reoccupy the site at the end of 3 consecutive yr of excellent thistle and forb control. The increase in grass production varied considerably among several herbicide treatments that controlled thistles equally. Grass production in the third year was greater under the 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid and 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] treatment series than all other treatments. Ammonium nitrate enhanced the recovery of grass damaged by certain herbicides, but favored the competitive ability of the thistle more than that of the grasses.

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