scholarly journals Benzyladenine and Cyclanilide Promote Shoot Development and Flowering of ‘Moonbeam’ Coreopsis

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-182
Author(s):  
M.E. Farris ◽  
G.J. Keever ◽  
J.R. Kessler ◽  
J.W. Olive
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Shoot Development ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Foliar Sprays

Abstract Effects of cyclanilide (CYC) and benzyladenine (BA) applied as foliar sprays or substrate drenches on the growth and flowering of ‘Moonbeam’ coreopsis (Coreopsis verticillata L. ‘Moonbeam’) during greenhouse production were determined. A foliar spray or substrate drench of 250 to 2000 ppm BA promoted increased numbers of vegetative shoots, reproductive shoots, and flower buds that increased with concentration. With BA concentrations of 250 or 500 ppm, flowering was delayed by 7 days or less and any foliar chlorosis was transient. Flowering delays of up to 19 days and persistent foliar chlorosis occurred in plants treated with 1000 or 2000 ppm BA. CYC applied at 25 to 100 ppm promoted fewer vegetative and reproductive shoots and flower buds than did BA; however, compared to control plants, plants developed more flower buds with no flowering delay, except when applied as a 100 ppm drench. Plants treated with CYC foliar sprays or substrate drenches developed twisted and horizontal growing shoots that persisted until full flower and detracted from the plants' appearance.

scholarly journals Silicon Foliar Spray and Substrate Drench Effects on Plant Growth, Morphology, and Resistance to Wilting with Container-Grown Edible Species

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Joshua B. Tebow ◽  
Lauren L. Houston ◽  
Ryan W. Dickson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Greenhouse Experiment ◽  
Growth Morphology ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Edible Species ◽  
Edible Crops

The objective of this study was to evaluate silicon (Si) foliar spray and substrate drench effects on plant growth and morphology for container-grown edible crops during greenhouse production, as well as resistance to plant wilting during post-production. In the first greenhouse experiment, basil received Si foliar sprays at 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg∙L–1 Si. In the second greenhouse experiment, Si was applied as either a foliar spray (500 mg∙L–1 Si) or substrate drench (100 mg∙L–1 Si) with six edible crop species. Supplemental Si increased shoot Si levels but had minimal effects on plant growth and morphology, except for parsley, which resulted in distorted growth and phytotoxicity. In the first experiment, 200 and 400 mg∙L–1 Si foliar sprays increased plant resistance to wilt by 2.2 and 2.5 d, respectively; however, this was not observed in the second experiment. All species accumulated Si with the control (no Si) treatments, indicating trace amounts of Si were taken up from the substrate, fertilizer, spray surfactant, and irrigation water. Only cucumber was classified as a Si “accumulator” with a high capacity for Si uptake. Results emphasize the need to conduct preliminary trials with supplemental Si to avoid issues of phytotoxicity.

scholarly journals Use of Paclobutrazol to Regulate Shoot Growth and Flower Development of ‘Roseum Elegans’ Rhododendron

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-178
Author(s):  
Thomas G. Ranney ◽  
Richard E. Bir ◽  
Joseph L. Conner ◽  
Everett P. Whitman
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
First Flush ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Flowering Duration ◽  
Foliar Sprays

Abstract ‘Roseum Elegans’ rhododendron (Rhododendron sp. L.) were grown in 2.5 1 (#1) containers and treated with foliar sprays of 50, 100, and 200 ppm or root-zone drenches of 2.5 (0.89), 5.0 (1.78), 10.0 (3.55), and 20.0 (7.10) ppm (mg ai/plant) of paclobutrazol immediately following completion of the first flush of annual shoot growth. Shoot lengths of the subsequent growth flush following treatment were decreased with increasing rates of paclobutrazol when applied as either a drench or foliar spray. Drenches were more effective in suppressing shoot length with less active ingredient than were foliar sprays. The number of flower buds per plant increased with increasing rates of paclobutrazol when applied as a drench but not as a foliar spray. The highest drench rate resulted in 8.0 flower buds/plant, a 240% increase over non-treated plants. No phytotoxicity was observed from any of the treatments; however, inflorescence diameter, measured the year following treatment, was slightly (<1.1 cm, <7.5%) reduced with increasing rates of paclobutrazol when applied as a drench. Flowering duration, the period from bud break to abscision of the last flower, increased with increasing rates of paclobutrazol for both application methods with a maximum increase of 5.6 days for the highest drench treatment. Length of shoot growth the year following treatment was reduced by as much as 33% with increasing paclobutrazol rates when applied as a drench but not as a foliar spray.

scholarly journals The Significance of Macronutrients in Alternate Bearing ‘Nadorcott’ Mandarin Trees

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1600-1609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ockert P.J. Stander ◽  
Graham H. Barry ◽  
Paul J.R. Cronjé
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Shoot Development ◽  
Citrus Reticulata ◽  
Alternate Bearing ◽  
Vegetative Shoot ◽  
Current Season ◽  
Standard Practice ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Fruit Load

The significance of macronutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) in leaves was studied in relation with their possible roles in alternate bearing of ‘Nadorcott’ mandarin (Citrus reticulata) trees over a period of three seasons. Fruit load (“on,” a heavy fruit load, vs. “off,” a light fruit load) affected the leaf macronutrient concentrations, and the amount of macronutrients removed through the harvest of fruit, i.e., the crop removal factor (g·kg−1), was consistent in both seasons. The crop removal factors were higher for each macronutrient in “off” trees—harvest of 1 kg fruit removed ≈2.3 g·kg−1 N, 0.3 g·kg−1 P, 3.1 g·kg−1 K, 1.0 g·kg−1 Ca, and 0.4 g·kg−1 Mg, compared with 1.3 g·kg−1 N, 0.2 g·kg−1 P, 1.7 g·kg−1 K, 0.6 g·kg−1 Ca, and 0.2 g·kg−1 Mg in “on” trees. Fruit load per tree (kg/tree) of 84, 110, and 52 kg/tree in “on” trees, however, removed ≈217 g/tree N, 28 g/tree P, 296 g/tree K, 100 g/tree Ca, and 35 g/tree Mg, which was 1.5–6 times more than that of fruit loads of 14, 71, and 16 kg/tree in “off” trees. In “off” trees, N, P, and K, and in “on” trees, Ca accumulated in leaves to between 20% and 30% higher concentrations in season 1, but the higher macronutrient status did not manifest in or consistently correlate with intensity of summer vegetative shoot development in the current season, or intensity of flowering in the next season, the two main determinants of fruit load in ‘Nadorcott’ mandarin. Apart from some anomalies, the concentrations of macronutrients in leaves were unaffected by de-fruiting and foliar spray applications of N and K to “on” trees, and showed no consistent relationship with treatment effects on parameters of vegetative shoot development and flowering. Leaf macronutrients in alternate bearing ‘Nadorcott’ mandarin trees, fertilized according to grower standard practice, are not related to differences in flowering and vegetative shoot development, and appear to be a consequence of fruit load and not a determinant thereof.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Foliar Sprays of Bacteriophages for the Management of Bacterial Canker in Greenhouse Tomatoes

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Ingram ◽  
Shi-En Lu
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Bacterial Canker ◽  
Symptom Development ◽  
Plant Mortality ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Disease Progress ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Greenhouse Tomatoes

AgriPhage applied as a preventative foliar spray significantly reduced severity of bacterial canker of greenhouse tomato in two of three years. Area under the disease progress curves (AUDPC) indicated that AgriPhage slowed the progression of bacterial canker symptom development by 50% and 59% in 2006 and 2007, respectively. Plant mortality was significantly reduced by 76% in 2006 as compared to the inoculated control. AgriPhage-treated plants produced significantly greater total yield in 2006 only. Copper and Kasumin sprays also significantly reduced severity (AUDPC) of bacterial canker in 2007 as compared to the inoculated control. However, none of these treatments reduced symptom development or increased yield in 2008. Accepted for publication 9 April 2009. Published 12 May 2009.

Bayleton® Seed Treatment Combined with Foliar Spray Improves Fusiform Rust Control in Nurseries

1984 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
S. J. Rowan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Artificial Inoculation ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Infection Period ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Forest Nurseries

Abstract Bayleton foliar sprays eradicated all fusiform rust infections when applied up to 7 days after artificial inoculation and eradicated a significant number of infections when applied 28 days after inoculation. A combination of seed treatment and foliar spray provided complete control when the spray was applied up to 14 days after inoculation and further reduced disease incidence when the foliar spray was applied 28 days after inoculation. Foliar sprays applied before inoculation prevented infections up to four weeks after application but sprays applied to nongerminated seed did not prevent infections in seedlings originating from these seed. Seed treatment would, therefore, significantly improve fusiform rust control in forest nurseries. Without seed treatment, applications of both ferbam and Bayleton during the period of seed germination may be necessary to adequately control the disease in high rust-hazard nurseries. When seed are treated with Bayleton, the first foliar spray must be applied 14 days after germination begins or no later than 7 days after the first infection period following the first 14 days of seed germination. Thereafter, sprays should be applied at intervals not to exceed 35 days.

scholarly journals Effect of Application Techniques on Performance of Propiconazole for Peanut Disease Control

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. Brenneman ◽  
H. R. Sumner ◽  
L. R. Chandler ◽  
J. M. Hammond ◽  
A. K. Culbreath
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Soilborne Pathogens ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Application Techniques ◽  
One Year ◽  
Severe Leaf

Abstract Propiconazole (Tilt®) was applied to Florunner peanut by injection into irrigation water (chemigation) or as a foliar spray. At rates of 0.12-0.25 kg/ha of propiconazole control of both Rhizoctonia limb rot (Rhizoctonia solani AG-4) and stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii) was inconsistent. Chemigation resulted in the lowest incidence of stem rot, but the incidence of stem rot was only 26% less than the control. Yields from plots receiving chemigation were greater than expected based on disease ratings, indicating that some effects of the fungicide were not being evaluated. Where foliar sprays of chlorothalonil were applied for late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personatum), supplemental applications of propiconazole via chemigation improved leaf spot control. However, substituting chemigated propiconazole for foliar sprays of chlorothalonil consistently resulted in more severe leaf spot and, in one year, decreased yields. Propiconazole is most effective against leaf spot when applied as a foliar spray, whereas chemigation applications provide optimum efficacy against soilborne pathogens of peanut.

Control of Phytophthora canker with phosphonate in artificially inoculated almond and cherry trees

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 413 ◽  
Author(s):  
TJ Wicks ◽  
B Hall
Keyword(s):  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Soil Drench ◽  
Trunk Injection ◽  
Cherry Trees

Phosphonate (H3P03; as FOLI-R-FOS 200) applied as either a soil drench, foliar spray or trunk injection before infection inhibited the development of cankers in almond and cherry trees inoculated with Phytophthora cambivora. Phosphonate applied to the foliage in autumn and spring at rates up to 2 g a.i./L was the most effective treatment. Soil drenches up to 10 g a.i./L were also effective, particularly on young trees. Trunk injections completely inhibited the development of P. cambivora in many cases, but due to a possible phytotoxic reaction, the treatment was most suited for mature trees. Foliar sprays of phosphonate are likely to be most practical treatment as these could be applied with other foliar treatments. The inhibitory effect of phosphonate on canker growth persisted for at least 48 weeks after treatment, irrespective of the method of application.

scholarly journals Controlling Height and Seedling Emergence of French Marigold and Celosia Plugs with Plant Growth Regulators

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-168
Author(s):  
Stanislav V. Magnitskiy ◽  
Claudio C. Pasian ◽  
Mark A. Bennett ◽  
James D. Metzger
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Spray Applications

Abstract Soaking French marigold seeds in growth regulator solutions produced larger reductions in seedling height than foliar sprays. Seeds soaked in 1 to 5 ppm uniconazole solutions for 0.15, 5, or 45 min resulted in plants that were up to 23% shorter than controls at 30 DAS, whereas foliar applications of 10 to 20 ppm uniconazole solutions resulted in plants 18% shorter than controls at 14 DAS. French marigold seedlings from seeds soaked in 60 pm ancymidol for 5 or 45 min were 5 or 6%, respectively, shorter than controls. Foliar spray applications of 25 or 100 ppm ancymidol to French marigold seedlings resulted in plants 8% shorter than controls. Chlormequat solutions applied either as a seed soak (1000–5000 ppm) or foliar spray (500–3000 ppm) did not reduce French marigold seedling height. Emergence of French marigold seedlings from seeds soaked in uniconazole, ancymidol, or chlormequat solutions was not different from that of control seeds. No effect on seedling height or emergence was found when soaking celosia seeds in uniconazole, ancymidol, or chlormequat solutions. Spraying celosia seedlings with uniconazole, ancymidol, or chlormequat solutions did not reduce seedling height.

scholarly journals Lisianthus Growth and Flowering Responses to Uniconazole

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terri Woods Starman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Flower Size ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Eustoma Grandiflorum ◽  
Height Control ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Potted Plant ◽  
Butanedioic Acid ◽  
Time Of Harvest

One and two foliar spray and single-drench applications of uniconazole were applied to Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn (lisianthus) `Yodel Blue' to determine optimal concentrations for potted plant height control. A single uniconazole spray at 10.0 mg·liter-1 applied 2 weeks after pinching, two uniconazole applications at 5.0 mg·liter -1 applied 2 and 3 weeks after pinching, or a drench at 1.60 mg a.i. per pot applied 2 weeks after pinching gave equally good height control. At these concentrations, uniconazole was similar in its effect on plant height to daminozide foliar sprays at 7500 and 2500 mg·liter-l applied once and twice, respectively. Drenching with uniconazole at 1.60 mg a.i. per pot did not increase days to flower (DTF), whereas foliar spray applications did. Drenching did not reduce flower size, but increased flower number at time of harvest. Chemical names used: α-cyclopropyl-α-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidinemethanol (ancymidol); butanedioic acid mono(2,2-dimethylhydrazide) (daminozide);(E)-(S)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-pent-1-ene-3-01 (uniconazole).

scholarly journals Pot Sunflower Growth and Flowering Responses to Foliar Applications of Daminozide, Paclobutrazol, and Uniconazole

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 438D-438
Author(s):  
Brian E. Whipker ◽  
Shravan Dasoju
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Growth Retardant ◽  
Height Control ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Treatment Interaction ◽  
Total Plant

Plant growth retardant (PGR) foliar spray treatments (mg•liter–1) of daminozide at 1000 to 16,000; paclobutrazol from 5 to 80; and uniconazole from 2 to 32 were applied to `Pacino' pot sunflowers (Helianthus annuus) to compare their effectiveness at chemical height control. When the first inflorescence opened, the number of days from seeding until flowering, total plant height measured from the pot rim to the top of the inflorescence, inflorescence diameter, and plant diameter were recorded. Total plant height, plant diameter, inflorescence diameter, and days until flowering were significant for the PGR treatment interaction. Marketable-sized plants grown in the 1.2-liter pots were produced with uniconazole concentrations between 16 and 32 mg•liter–1 or with daminozide concentrations between 4000 and 8000 mg•liter–1. Paclobutrazol foliar sprays up to 80 mg•liter–1 had little effect and higher concentrations or medium drench treatments should be considered.

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