scholarly journals Effect of Slow Release Fertilizers on Formation of Mycorrhizae and Growth of Container Grown Pine Seedlings

1986 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
David E. Crowley ◽  
Dale M. Maronek ◽  
James W. Hendrix
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Fertilizer Release ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizers ◽  
Mycorrhizal Development

Slow-release fertilizer formulations at various NPK analyses, release rates, and application rates were evaluated for their effects on seedling growth and mycorrhizal development of container-grown seedlings of Pinus echinata (Mill.) inoculated with Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker and Couch. Fertilizer release rate and application rate affected formation of mycorrhizae. At 9.0 kg/m3 (15.0 lb/yd3), greater numbers of seedlings formed mycorrhizae and a greater portion of the root system was mycorrhizal with the 8 to 9 month release fertilizer, regardless of formulation, than with the 1 to 2 or 3 to 4 month release fertilizers. Best seedling growth and mycorrhizae formation was obtained with the 21N-3.OP-11.6K (21-7-14) 8 to 9 month release fertilizer at the 4.5 kg/m3 (7.5 lb/yd3) application rate. Because fertilizer release is temperature dependent, deleterious effects of over fertilization may be greater with higher greenhouse temperatures. The low benefits of fertilization rates higher than 4.5 kg/m3 (7.5 lb/yd3) do not warrant the risk of interference with formation of mycorrhizae.

Inoculation of container-grown Douglas-fir seedlings with basidiospores of Rhizopogonvinicolor and R. colossus: effects of fertility and spore application rate

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Castellano ◽  
James M. Trappe ◽  
Randy Molina
Keyword(s):  
Slow Release ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizer ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Regimes

Basidiospores of Rhizopogonvinicolor Smith and R. colossus Smith were inoculated onto container-grown Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings and grown under two levels of soluble fertilizer and one level of slow-release fertilizer. Both fungi formed abundant ectomycorrhizae on more than 54% of feeder roots under the soluble fertilizer regimes. Slow-release fertilizer suppressed mycorrhizal formation by both fungi. Height growth was significantly increased under low fertility with all basidiospore application rates of R. colossus and the three lowest application rates of R. vinicolor. The high fertility regime produced plantable Douglas-fir seedlings with abundant ectomycorrhizae of R. colossus and R. vinicolor.

scholarly journals 127 Growth of Impatiens `Accent Orange' in Substrates Containing Compost with Four Slow-release Fertilizer Concentrations

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 463D-463
Author(s):  
Kimberly Klock-Moore
Keyword(s):  
Slow Release ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizer ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Fertilizer Application Rate ◽  
Fertilizer Rates ◽  
Pot Plants

The objective of this experiment was to compare the growth of impatiens `Accent Orange' in substrates containing compost made from biosolids and yard trimmings with four slow-release fertilizer application rates. Plugs of impatiens were transplanted into 400-ml pots filled with 100% compost as a stand-alone substrate or with 60%, 30%, or 0% compost combined with control substrate components. Six days after transplanting, all plants were top-dressed with 0.5, 1, 2, or 4 g of Nutricote 13N-5.7P-10.8K (type 180) per pot. Shoot dry mass increased as the percentage of compost in the substrate increased from 0% to 100%. Shoot dry mass also increased as the fertilizer application rate increased from 0.5 to 4 g per pot. Plants grown in 30% and 60% compost with 0.5 g of fertilizer were similar in size to plants grown in 0% compost with 4 g of fertilizer per pot. Plants grown in 100% compost at all of the fertilizer rates were larger than all other plants in this study.

Cyproconazole for Control of Fusiform Rust on Loblolly Pine Seedlings

1994 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Carey ◽  
W. D. Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Mycorrhizal Development

Abstract The efficacy of cyproconazole seed treatments and foliar sprays for control of fusiform rust on loblolly pine seedlings was evaluated in greenhouse and nursery trials. At the nursery, the percentage of untreated seedlings that were galled at lifting was high (54%). No seedlings receiving cyproconazole at the lowest dosage foliar spray (4 sprays at 123.25 g ai/ha/application ) without the seed treatment, and only 0.1% of seedlings receiving only the seed treatment (1.25 g ai/kg seed), were galled Laboratory inoculations indicated that seed treatments with cyproconazole at 1.25 and 2.5 g ai/kg seed were effective for at least 20 and 30 days, respectively, and that foliar sprays of 185.0 or 246.5 g ai/ha were effective for 14 but not 21 days. Eleven months after sowing, mycorrhizal development in the nursery was similar among seedlings receiving approximately equal dosages of either cyproconazole or triadimefon. Seedling growth was not significantly different between control seedlings and those receiving the various dosages of cyproconazole. South J. Appl. For. 18(3): 101-104.

scholarly journals Effect of different soil and weather conditions on efficacy, selectivity and dissipation of herbicides in sunflower

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 468-476
Author(s):  
Miroslav Jursík ◽  
Martin Kočárek ◽  
Michaela Kolářová ◽  
Lukáš Tichý
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Vertical Transport ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
High Precipitation

Six sunflower herbicides were tested at two application rates (1N and 2N) on three locations (with different soil types) within three years (2015–2017). Efficacy of the tested herbicides on Chenopodium album increased with an increasing cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soil. Efficacy of pendimethalin was 95%, flurochloridone and aclonifen 94%, dimethenamid-P 72%, pethoxamid 49% and S-metolachlor 47%. All tested herbicides injured sunflower on sandy soil (Regosol) which had the lowest CEC, especially in wet conditions (phytotoxicity 27% after 1N application rate). The highest phytotoxicity was recorded after the application of dimethenamid-P (19% at 1N and 45% at 2N application rate). Main symptoms of phytotoxicity were leaf deformations and necroses and the damage of growing tips, which led to destruction of some plants. Aclonifen, pethoxamid and S-metolachlor at 1N did not injure sunflower on the soil with the highest CEC (Chernozem) in any of the experimental years. Persistence of tested herbicides was significantly longer in Fluvisol (medium CEC) compared to Regosol and Chernozem. Dimethenamid-P showed the shortest persistence in Regosol and Chernozem. The majority of herbicides was detected in the soil layer 0–5 cm in all tested soils. Vertical transport of herbicides in soil was affected by the herbicide used, soil type and weather conditions. The highest vertical transport was recorded for dimethenamid-P and pethoxamid (4, resp. 6% of applied rate) in Regosol in the growing season with high precipitation.  

scholarly journals Effects of two wood-based biochars on the fate of added fertilizer nitrogen—a 15N tracing study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subin Kalu ◽  
Gboyega Nathaniel Oyekoya ◽  
Per Ambus ◽  
Priit Tammeorg ◽  
Asko Simojoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Organic N ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Application Rates

AbstractA 15N tracing pot experiment was conducted using two types of wood-based biochars: a regular biochar and a Kon-Tiki-produced nutrient-enriched biochar, at two application rates (1% and 5% (w/w)), in addition to a fertilizer only and a control treatment. Ryegrass was sown in pots, all of which except controls received 15N-labelled fertilizer as either 15NH4NO3 or NH415NO3. We quantified the effect of biochar application on soil N2O emissions, as well as the fate of fertilizer-derived ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−) in terms of their leaching from the soil, uptake into plant biomass, and recovery in the soil. We found that application of biochars reduced soil mineral N leaching and N2O emissions. Similarly, the higher biochar application rate of 5% significantly increased aboveground ryegrass biomass yield. However, no differences in N2O emissions and ryegrass biomass yields were observed between regular and nutrient-enriched biochar treatments, although mineral N leaching tended to be lower in the nutrient-enriched biochar treatment than in the regular biochar treatment. The 15N analysis revealed that biochar application increased the plant uptake of added nitrate, but reduced the plant uptake of added ammonium compared to the fertilizer only treatment. Thus, the uptake of total N derived from added NH4NO3 fertilizer was not affected by the biochar addition, and cannot explain the increase in plant biomass in biochar treatments. Instead, the increased plant biomass at the higher biochar application rate was attributed to the enhanced uptake of N derived from soil. This suggests that the interactions between biochar and native soil organic N may be important determinants of the availability of soil N to plant growth.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Regional-Scale Optimal K Rate Based on Sustainable Apple Yield and High-Efficiency K Use in Loess Plateau and Bohai Bay of China: A Meta-Analysis

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1368
Author(s):  
Wenzheng Tang ◽  
Wene Wang ◽  
Dianyu Chen ◽  
Ningbo Cui ◽  
Haosheng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Loess Plateau ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Bohai Bay ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Relationship Model

In order to meet the growing food demand of the global population and maintain sustainable soil fertility, there is an urgent need to optimize fertilizer application amount in agricultural production practices. Most of the existing studies on the optimal K rates for apple orchards were based on case studies and lack information on optimizing K-fertilizer management on a regional scale. Here, we used the method of combining meta-analysis with the K application rate-yield relationship model to quantify and summarize the optimal K rates of the Loess Plateau and Bohai Bay regions in China. We built a dataset based on 159 observations obtained from 18 peer-reviewed literature studies distributed in 15 different research sites and evaluated the regional-scale optimal K rates for apple production. The results showed that the linear plus platform model was more suitable for estimating the regional-scale optimal K rates, which were 208.33 and 176.61 kg K ha−1 for the Loess Plateau and Bohai Bay regions of China, respectively. Compared with high K application rates, the optimal K rates increased K use efficiency by 45.88–68.57%, with almost no yield losses. The optimal K rates also enhanced the yield by 6.30% compared with the low K application rates.

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