scholarly journals Conjunctival herpetic ulcer in an immunosuppressed patient with birdshot chorioretinopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-178
Author(s):  
Ana Fernández-Hortelano ◽  
Elena Guzman-Almagro ◽  
María Castro-Rebollo ◽  
Carlos Izquierdo-Rodríguez ◽  
Julio González Martin-Moro
Keyword(s):  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Ocular Involvement ◽  
Immunosuppressed Patient ◽  
Ocular Tissues ◽  
Birdshot Chorioretinopathy ◽  
Corneal Ulcers ◽  
Ophthalmic Ointment ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Systemic Infections ◽  
Topical Acyclovir

Introduction: Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) is a human herpesvirus responsible for systemic infections. Ocular involvement spans all ocular tissues. Corneal lesions, such as dendritic or geographic ulcers, are frequently found in HSV keratitis while conjunctival lesions have been described as infrequent. Clinical case: A 62-year-old man diagnosed with Birdshot chorioretinopathy presented a stye in his eyelid that was treated with oxytetracycline-hydrocortisone ointment. One week later he returned presenting several small dendritic corneal ulcers in both eyes and a conjunctival ulcer in one of them. All lesions healed completely after treatment with topical acyclovir ophthalmic ointment at 3%. Conclusions: We should pay attention to the conjunctiva and not merely focus on the cornea when examining patients with herpetic eye disease, especially if being treated with inmunosupressors.

scholarly journals Clinical Aspects of Bacterial Corneal Ulcer Prolonged Course, the Role of Herpes Viruses in Its Pathogenesis, Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1S) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
V. V. Neroev ◽  
L. A. Katargina ◽  
L. A. Kovaleva ◽  
G. I. Krichevskaya ◽  
N. V. Balatskaya
Keyword(s):  
Corneal Ulcer ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Corneal Ulcers ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Human Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Simplex Virus

Purpose: to study the role of human herpesviruses (HHV) in the pathogenesis of prolonged bacterial corneal ulcers. Patients and methods. 117 patients with bacterial corneal ulcer were examined. Two groups were identified: a favorable course-with duration of bacterial corneal ulcer epithelialization for 17 days (62 people) and a prolonged course with a persistent ulcer more than 17 days (55 people). Blood samples (n = 117) and scrapes from corneal ulcer (n = 117) were investigated in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of Herpes simplex virus (HSV1, 2), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Human herpesvirus type 6, 7 (HHV-6, HSV-7). Results. The HSV1, 2 and EBV genomes were detected in the cornea significantly more often in BCU of prolonged course compared with a favorable course (HSV1, 2 p = 0.012; EBV p = 0.012), and HHV-6 was detected not only in the cornea (p = 0.000), but also and in blood (p = 0.007). In patients with HHV DNA in corneal scarps and/or blood, after resorption of purulent infiltrate, corneal epithelialization was absent, and the use of antiherpetic drugs allowed to reduce the completion time of BCU epithelialization. Conclusion. The role of HHV-6, EBV, HSV 1, 2 in the pathogenesis of bacterial corneal ulcer of protracted course was revealed. The expediency of examination of patients with bacterial corneal ulcer on HHV is shown, a method of treatment is proposed, including antiherpetic therapy, which makes it possible to prevent the development of a protracted course.

scholarly journals Human Herpesvirus and the Immune Checkpoint PD-1/PD-L1 Pathway: Disorders and Strategies for Survival

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 778
Author(s):  
Takayuki Murata
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Programmed Cell Death 1 ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Human Herpesviruses

The immune system has evolved as a complex and efficient means of coping with extrinsic materials, such as pathogens and toxins, as well as intrinsic abnormalities, such as cancers. Although rapid and timely activation of the immune system is obviously important, regulated downregulation of the system is almost as significant as activation to prevent runaway immunity, such as allergies and hypercytokinemia. Therefore, the immune checkpoint programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway is beneficial for the host. On the other hand, pathogens have evolved to evade host immunity by taking advantage of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. This review is focused on human herpesviruses, such as herpes simplex virus (HSV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), which cause various types of disorders, and their relationships with the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. Understanding such relationships will be useful for developing preventative and therapeutic methods for disorders caused by herpesviruses.

scholarly journals Testing patients with uveal melanoma for herpesvirus infections

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 284-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Saakyan ◽  
E. B. Myakoshina ◽  
G. I. Krichevskaya ◽  
O. S. Slepova ◽  
O. G. Panteleeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Uveal Melanoma ◽  
Vitreous Body ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Human Herpes Virus 8 ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Simplex Virus

Results of comprehensive ELISA tests of blood serum for the presence of IgM-, IgA-, and IgG-antibodies to herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus 6, human herpes virus 8 type, Chlamydia trachomatis in 38 patients with uveal melanoma are presented. The polymerase chain reaction was used to detect DNA of these pathogens in tumor biopsies, vitreous body of 10 enucleated eyes, as well as in plasma IgG-antibodies to HHV 6 were revealed in 50% of patients; IgG-antibodies to HHV 8, in 5.3% of patients. Among the 16 patients with uveal melanoma at advanced stages, 6 patients had antibodies indicative of EBV reactivation (1.2-3.3). Chlamydia trachomatis genome was detected in both biopsies; in one of them, in conjunction with EBV and CMV DNA . Tissue samples from the identified infectious agents were related only to the spindle-cell histologic type AB of uveal melanoma. In plasma, genomes of pathogens were not determined. The results indicate the presence of infectious agents in patients with uveal melanoma and require further study of the pathogenetic role of infections in the pathogenesis of uveal melanoma.

Herpesvirus Infections

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin S. Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Herpes Infection ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Human Herpesviruses

The herpes group of viruses is composed of at least eight human viruses and numerous animal viruses. The human herpesviruses include herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and human herpesvirus types 6 (HHV-6), 7 (HHV-7), and 8 (HHV-8, also known as Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus). Human herpesviruses share the properties of latency and reactivation. Members of the group can cause productive lytic infections, in which infectious virus is produced and cells are killed, or nonproductive lytic infections, in which viral DNA persists but complete replication does not occur and cells survive. After acute lytic infections, herpesviruses often persist in a latent form for years; periodic reactivations are followed by recurrent lytic infections. Sites of latency vary: HSV and VZV persist in neural ganglion cells, EBV persists in B cells, and CMV probably remains latent in many cell types. The sites of latency for HHV-6 and HHV-7 have not been identified, although both herpesviruses have been detected in salivary glands. All human herpesviruses have a worldwide distribution. Considerable efforts are being directed toward the development of vaccines and antiviral agents that will be active against herpesviruses. This chapter discusses the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus and their clinical syndromes. The descriptions of the clinical syndromes include complications and clinical features, as well as descriptions of symptoms. Tables provide information on chemotherapy for primary genital and mucocutaneous herpes infection, suppression of severe and recurring genital herpes infection, and varicella-zoster infection. Figures provide photographic illustrations of the various clinical syndromes. A sidebar about herpesvirus information on the Internet provides further detail. This review contains 123 references, 4 tables, and 6 highly rendered figures.

Herpesvirus Infections

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin S. Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Herpes Infection ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Human Herpesviruses

The herpes group of viruses is composed of at least eight human viruses and numerous animal viruses. The human herpesviruses include herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and human herpesvirus types 6 (HHV-6), 7 (HHV-7), and 8 (HHV-8, also known as Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus). Human herpesviruses share the properties of latency and reactivation. Members of the group can cause productive lytic infections, in which infectious virus is produced and cells are killed, or nonproductive lytic infections, in which viral DNA persists but complete replication does not occur and cells survive. After acute lytic infections, herpesviruses often persist in a latent form for years; periodic reactivations are followed by recurrent lytic infections. Sites of latency vary: HSV and VZV persist in neural ganglion cells, EBV persists in B cells, and CMV probably remains latent in many cell types. The sites of latency for HHV-6 and HHV-7 have not been identified, although both herpesviruses have been detected in salivary glands. All human herpesviruses have a worldwide distribution. Considerable efforts are being directed toward the development of vaccines and antiviral agents that will be active against herpesviruses. This chapter discusses the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus and their clinical syndromes. The descriptions of the clinical syndromes include complications and clinical features, as well as descriptions of symptoms. Tables provide information on chemotherapy for primary genital and mucocutaneous herpes infection, suppression of severe and recurring genital herpes infection, and varicella-zoster infection. Figures provide photographic illustrations of the various clinical syndromes. A sidebar about herpesvirus information on the Internet provides further detail. This review contains 123 references, 4 tables, and 6 highly rendered figures.

scholarly journals Herpes simplex virus 1 rhombencephalitis in a patient with chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus-6A

IDCases ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. e00983
Author(s):  
Raquel Silva ◽  
Vitor Duque ◽  
Rita Magano ◽  
Luís Trindade
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 ◽  
Simplex Virus

scholarly journals Recent Developments in Viral Load Measurements in Human Herpesviruses

1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (suppl c) ◽  
pp. 33C-40C
Author(s):  
Guy Boivin
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Human Herpesviruses

Recent developments in molecular biology have allowed precise quantitative analysis of herpesvirus DNA in many biological fluids. Th is paper reviews the clinical utility of performing quantitative polymerase chain reaction testing for herpesviruses. In particular, the assessment of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA load in blood with regard to the development of CMV disease in immunocompromised patients is discussed in greater detail. Relevant information exists to support measuring the CMV burden in the blood of AIDS and transplant patients for diagnostic and treatment monitoring purposes, and, to a lesser extent, to envision the monitoring of the circulating Epstein-Barr virus load for the prevention of pose-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders. On the ocher hand, there are controversial data on the clinical utility of measuring the herpes simplex virus (HSV) load in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with HSV encephalitis and on the relationship between the human herpesvirus 8 DNA load in diverse biological fluids and the presence of Kaposi's sarcoma. There is a paucity of information about the clinical impact of quantifying the other human herpesviruses (varicella-zoster virus, and human herpesviruses 6 and 7).

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