scholarly journals Testing patients with uveal melanoma for herpesvirus infections

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 284-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Saakyan ◽  
E. B. Myakoshina ◽  
G. I. Krichevskaya ◽  
O. S. Slepova ◽  
O. G. Panteleeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Uveal Melanoma ◽  
Vitreous Body ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Human Herpes Virus 8 ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Simplex Virus

Results of comprehensive ELISA tests of blood serum for the presence of IgM-, IgA-, and IgG-antibodies to herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus 6, human herpes virus 8 type, Chlamydia trachomatis in 38 patients with uveal melanoma are presented. The polymerase chain reaction was used to detect DNA of these pathogens in tumor biopsies, vitreous body of 10 enucleated eyes, as well as in plasma IgG-antibodies to HHV 6 were revealed in 50% of patients; IgG-antibodies to HHV 8, in 5.3% of patients. Among the 16 patients with uveal melanoma at advanced stages, 6 patients had antibodies indicative of EBV reactivation (1.2-3.3). Chlamydia trachomatis genome was detected in both biopsies; in one of them, in conjunction with EBV and CMV DNA . Tissue samples from the identified infectious agents were related only to the spindle-cell histologic type AB of uveal melanoma. In plasma, genomes of pathogens were not determined. The results indicate the presence of infectious agents in patients with uveal melanoma and require further study of the pathogenetic role of infections in the pathogenesis of uveal melanoma.

scholarly journals Infectious agents are associated with psychiatric diseases

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Lydia Krause ◽  
Elif Weidinger ◽  
Judith Matz ◽  
Agnes Wildenauer ◽  
Jenny Katharina Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
The Body ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Simplex Virus

There are several infectious agents in the environment that can cause persistent infections in the host. They usually cause their symptoms shortly after first infection and later persist as silent viruses and bacteria within the body. However, these chronic infections may play an important role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and Tourette's syndrome (TS). We investigated the distribution of different neurotrophic infectious agents in TS, schizophrenia and controls. A total of 93 individuals were included (schizophrenic patients, Tourette patients and controls). We evaluated antibodies against cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes-simplex virus (HSV), Epstein-Barr virus, Toxoplasma, Mycoplasma and Chlamydia trachomatis/pneumoniae. By comparing schizophrenia and TS, we found a higher prevalence of HSV (P=0.017) and CMV (P=0.017) antibodies in schizophrenic patients. Considering the relationship between schizophrenia, TS and healthy controls, we showed that there are associations for Chlamydia trachomatis (P=0.007), HSV (P=0.027) and CMV (P=0.029). When all measured viruses, bacteria and protozoa were combined, schizophrenic patients had a higher rate of antibodies to infectious agents than TS patients (P=0.049). Tourette and schizophrenic patients show a different vulnerability to infectious agents. Schizophrenic patients were found to have a higher susceptibility to viral infections than individuals with TS. This finding might point to a modification in special immune parameters in these diseases.

scholarly journals Human Herpesvirus and the Immune Checkpoint PD-1/PD-L1 Pathway: Disorders and Strategies for Survival

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 778
Author(s):  
Takayuki Murata
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Programmed Cell Death 1 ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Human Herpesviruses

The immune system has evolved as a complex and efficient means of coping with extrinsic materials, such as pathogens and toxins, as well as intrinsic abnormalities, such as cancers. Although rapid and timely activation of the immune system is obviously important, regulated downregulation of the system is almost as significant as activation to prevent runaway immunity, such as allergies and hypercytokinemia. Therefore, the immune checkpoint programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway is beneficial for the host. On the other hand, pathogens have evolved to evade host immunity by taking advantage of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. This review is focused on human herpesviruses, such as herpes simplex virus (HSV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), which cause various types of disorders, and their relationships with the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. Understanding such relationships will be useful for developing preventative and therapeutic methods for disorders caused by herpesviruses.

scholarly journals Clinical Aspects of Bacterial Corneal Ulcer Prolonged Course, the Role of Herpes Viruses in Its Pathogenesis, Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1S) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
V. V. Neroev ◽  
L. A. Katargina ◽  
L. A. Kovaleva ◽  
G. I. Krichevskaya ◽  
N. V. Balatskaya
Keyword(s):  
Corneal Ulcer ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Corneal Ulcers ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Human Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Simplex Virus

Purpose: to study the role of human herpesviruses (HHV) in the pathogenesis of prolonged bacterial corneal ulcers. Patients and methods. 117 patients with bacterial corneal ulcer were examined. Two groups were identified: a favorable course-with duration of bacterial corneal ulcer epithelialization for 17 days (62 people) and a prolonged course with a persistent ulcer more than 17 days (55 people). Blood samples (n = 117) and scrapes from corneal ulcer (n = 117) were investigated in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of Herpes simplex virus (HSV1, 2), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Human herpesvirus type 6, 7 (HHV-6, HSV-7). Results. The HSV1, 2 and EBV genomes were detected in the cornea significantly more often in BCU of prolonged course compared with a favorable course (HSV1, 2 p = 0.012; EBV p = 0.012), and HHV-6 was detected not only in the cornea (p = 0.000), but also and in blood (p = 0.007). In patients with HHV DNA in corneal scarps and/or blood, after resorption of purulent infiltrate, corneal epithelialization was absent, and the use of antiherpetic drugs allowed to reduce the completion time of BCU epithelialization. Conclusion. The role of HHV-6, EBV, HSV 1, 2 in the pathogenesis of bacterial corneal ulcer of protracted course was revealed. The expediency of examination of patients with bacterial corneal ulcer on HHV is shown, a method of treatment is proposed, including antiherpetic therapy, which makes it possible to prevent the development of a protracted course.

scholarly journals Recent Developments in Viral Load Measurements in Human Herpesviruses

1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (suppl c) ◽  
pp. 33C-40C
Author(s):  
Guy Boivin
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Human Herpesviruses

Recent developments in molecular biology have allowed precise quantitative analysis of herpesvirus DNA in many biological fluids. Th is paper reviews the clinical utility of performing quantitative polymerase chain reaction testing for herpesviruses. In particular, the assessment of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA load in blood with regard to the development of CMV disease in immunocompromised patients is discussed in greater detail. Relevant information exists to support measuring the CMV burden in the blood of AIDS and transplant patients for diagnostic and treatment monitoring purposes, and, to a lesser extent, to envision the monitoring of the circulating Epstein-Barr virus load for the prevention of pose-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders. On the ocher hand, there are controversial data on the clinical utility of measuring the herpes simplex virus (HSV) load in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with HSV encephalitis and on the relationship between the human herpesvirus 8 DNA load in diverse biological fluids and the presence of Kaposi's sarcoma. There is a paucity of information about the clinical impact of quantifying the other human herpesviruses (varicella-zoster virus, and human herpesviruses 6 and 7).

scholarly journals Amphipathic DNA Polymers Exhibit Antiherpetic Activity In Vitro and In Vivo

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 2727-2733 ◽  
Author(s):  
David I. Bernstein ◽  
Nathalie Goyette ◽  
Rhonda Cardin ◽  
Earl R. Kern ◽  
Guy Boivin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Acid Stable

ABSTRACT Phosphorothioated oligonucleotides have a sequence-independent antiviral activity as amphipathic polymers (APs). The activity of these agents against herpesvirus infections in vitro and in vivo was investigated. The previously established sequence-independent, phosphorothioation-dependent antiviral activity of APs was confirmed in vitro by showing that a variety of equivalently sized homo- and heteropolymeric AP sequences were similarly active against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection in vitro compared to the 40mer degenerate parent compound (REP 9), while the absence of phosphorothioation resulted in the loss of antiviral activity. In addition, REP 9 demonstrated in vitro activity against a broad spectrum of other herpesviruses: HSV-2 (50% effective concentration [EC50], 0.02 to 0.06 μM), human cytomegalovirus (EC50, 0.02 to 0.13 μM), varicella zoster virus (EC50, <0.02 μM), Epstein-Barr virus (EC50, 14.7 μM) and human herpesvirus types 6A/B (EC50, 2.9 to 10.2 μM). The murine microbicide model of genital HSV-2 was then used to evaluate in vivo activity. REP 9 (275 mg/ml) protected 75% of animals from disease and infection when provided 5 or 30 min prior to vaginal challenge. When an acid-stable analog (REP 9C) was used, 75% of mice were protected when treated with 240 mg/ml 5 min prior to infection (P < 0.001), while a lower dose (100 mg/ml) protected 100% of the mice (P < 0.001). The acid stable REP 9C formulation also provided protection at 30 min (83%, P < 0.001) and 60 min (50%, P = 0.07) against disease. These observations suggest that APs may have microbicidal activity and potential as broad-spectrum antiherpetic agents and represent a novel class of agents that should be studied further.

scholarly journals Seroprevalences of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2, Five Oncogenic Human Papillomaviruses, and Chlamydia trachomatis in Katowice, Poland

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Staffan Görander ◽  
Teresa Lagergård ◽  
Malgorzata Romanik ◽  
Raphael P. Viscidi ◽  
Gayane Martirosian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Human Papillomaviruses ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Oncogenic Hpv

ABSTRACT Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), human papillomaviruses (HPVs), and Chlamydia trachomatis are the most common pathogens causing sexually transmitted infections (STIs). There is limited information about the prevalences of these STIs in Poland. Here, we estimated the occurrence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against HSV-2, HPV, and C. trachomatis in 199 blood donors and 110 patients of both genders attending an STI clinic in Katowice in southern Poland. The seroprevalences of HSV-2 were 5% for blood donors and 14% in the STI cohort. The seroprevalences of the five potentially oncogenic HPV types 16, 18, 31, 35, and 51 were 15%, 7%, 5%, 5%, and 17%, respectively, in blood donors and 37%, 8%, 12%, 5%, and 21%, respectively, in the STI cohort. The majority of HPV-infected individuals showed antibodies against more than one type, i.e., had been infected with multiple HPV types. Anti-C. trachomatis IgG antibodies were detected in 6% of blood donors and 13% of individuals attending the STI clinic. The relatively high prevalence of HPV-51 may have implications for future vaccine programs, as the newly introduced HPV vaccines are based on the potentially oncogenic HPV types 16 and 18.

Infectious antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus patients

Lupus ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 1129-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Berkun ◽  
G. Zandman-Goddard ◽  
O. Barzilai ◽  
M. Boaz ◽  
Y. Sherer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Viral Capsid ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Viral Capsid Antigen ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Early Antigen ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr

Infections can act as environmental triggers that induce or promote systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in genetically predisposed individuals. New technologies, developed recently, enable simultaneous assessment of multiple antibodies. Antibodies to specific infectious agents may shed light into the mechanisms of induction of SLE. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of seropositivity and the titers of antibodies to bacterial, viral, and parasitic agents in SLE patients compared with non-autoimmune controls. Sera from 260 individuals (120 SLE patients and 140 controls) were tested by the BioPlex 2200 Multiplexed Immunoassay method (BioRad) for the prevalence and titers of antibodies to eight infectious agents (Epstein—Barr virus: early antigen IgG, nuclear antigen IgG, viral capsid antigen IgG and IgM, heterophile IgM; cytomegalovirus IgG and IgM; Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM; rubella IgG and IgM; Treponema pallidum TPr15G, TPr17G, TPr47G; herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 IgG; hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B core antibodies. Cytomegalovirus IgM and Epstein—Barr virus early antigen IgG (but not other Epstein—Barr virus antigens) were significantly more prevalent in SLE patients than in controls. Conversely, positive titers of hepatitis B core and rubella IgG antibodies were less prevalent in the SLE patients than in controls. Other differences in titer positivity prevalence were not detected between patients and controls. The titers of the cytomegalovirus IgM, Toxoplasma IgG, Epstein—Barr virus early antigen, and viral capsid antigen IgG antibodies were significantly higher in SLE compared with controls. Our data suggest the importance of previous exposure to infectious agents in the induction and the prevention of SLE. Lupus (2009) 18, 1129—1135.

scholarly journals Analytical methods in herpesvirus genomics

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
Jana Blaškovičová ◽  
Ján Labuda
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
And Function ◽  
Analytical Approaches

Abstract Genomics is a branch of bioanalytical chemistry characterized as the study of the genome structure and function. Genome represents the complete set of chromosomal and extrachromosomal genes of an organism, a cell, an organelle or a virus. There are at least five from eight species of herpesviruses commonly widespread among humans, Herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2, Varicella zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus and Cytomegalovirus. Human gammaherpesviruses can cause serious diseases including B-cell lymphoma and Kaposi’s sarcoma. Diagnostics and study of the herpesviruses is directly dependent on the development of modern analytical methods able to detect and determine the presence and evolution of herpesviral particles/ genomes. Diagnostics and genomic characterization of human herpesvirus species is based on bioanalytical methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA sequencing, gel electrophoresis, blotting and others. The progress in analytical approaches in the herpesvirus genomics is reviewed in this article.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of HSV, HHV-6, HPV and Mycoplasma genitalium in Chlamydia trachomatis positive and Chlamydia trachomatis Negative Urogenital Samples among Young Women in Finland

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Suvi Korhonen ◽  
Kati Hokynar ◽  
Tiina Eriksson ◽  
Kari Natunen ◽  
Jorma Paavonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification Test ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Human Herpesvirus 6 ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Simplex Virus

Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, herpes simplex virus (HSV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) cause sexually transmitted infections. In addition, human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) may be a genital co-pathogen. The prevalence rates of HSV, HHV-6, HPV, M. genitalium, and the C. trachomatis ompA genotypes were investigated by PCR in urogenital samples of the C. trachomatis nucleic acid amplification test positive (n = 157) and age-, community- and time-matched negative (n = 157) women. The prevalence of HPV DNA was significantly higher among the C. trachomatis positives than the C. trachomatis negatives (66% vs. 25%, p < 0.001). The prevalence of HSV (1.9% vs. 0%), HHV-6 (11% vs. 14%), and M. genitalium DNA (4.5% vs. 1.9%) was not significantly different between the C. trachomatis-positive and -negative women. Thirteen per cent of test-of-cure specimens tested positive for C. trachomatis. The prevalence of HSV, HHV-6, HPV, M. genitalium, and the C. trachomatis ompA genotypes did not significantly differ between those who cleared the C. trachomatis infection (n = 105) and those who did not (n = 16). The higher prevalence of HPV DNA among the C. trachomatis positives suggests greater sexual activity and increased risk for sexually transmitted pathogens.

scholarly journals Herpesvirus Infections of the Central Nervous System

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (03) ◽  
pp. 369-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tehmina Bharucha ◽  
Catherine F. Houlihan ◽  
Judith Breuer
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Simplex Virus

AbstractThere are over 200 herpesvirus species, of which 10 affect humans. Each of these 10 herpesviruses has a unique clinical syndrome, but common to all is their ability to cause infection and pathology in the central nervous system. In this article, we discuss the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic modalities, treatment, sequelae, and availability of vaccination of each of the following herpesviruses: herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, varicella zoster virus, human cytomegalovirus, human herpesvirus 6A, 6B, and 7, Epstein–Barr virus, human herpesvirus 8, and simian herpesvirus B.

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