scholarly journals CORRELATION BETWEEN TSH, T3, T4 AND HISTOLOGICAL TYPES OF THYROID CARCINOMA

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilda Fitriyani ◽  
T. Ibnu Alferraly ◽  
Lidya Imelda Laksmi
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Function Test ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Endocrine Gland ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low T3 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Thyroid carcinoma is a malignancy of the thyroid gland derived from follicular or parafollicular cells. Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine gland malignancy and accounts for approximately 1% of all malignancies. Thyroid carcinoma ranked ninth of 10 most common carcinomas in Indonesia. It may occur at any age but is usually diagnosed between the 3rd and 6th decade. The incidence is three or four times higher in females than in males. Based on histological features thyroid carcinoma is classified into four major types: papillary, follicular, anaplastic and medullary carcinoma. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Triiodothyronine (T3), Thyroxine (T4) are thyroid gland hormones. Low T3 and T4 accompanied with high TSH levels are associated with malignancy in thyroid carcinoma. This study aimed to determine the correlation between TSH, T3, T4 hormone levels, and histological type of thyroid carcinoma at the Adam Malik Hospital Medan between 2013 and 2015. The study was a cross-sectional analytical study. The sample was be obtained using consecutive sampling method. Data were collected from medical records of thyroid carcinoma patients that had undergone pathological examination and thyroid function test at the Adam Malik Hospital Medan between 2013 and 2015. Based on the Chi-Square analysis, there was a significant difference between T3 hormone level with the histopathological type of thyroid carcinoma (p<0.001), however it did not apply to the level of T4 (p = 0.120) and TSH (p = 0.328).

scholarly journals Study of Fasting Lipid Profile in Patients with Subclinical Hypothyroidism in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Mohammad Afjal Hossain ◽  
- Atiquzzaman ◽  
Mirza Sharifuzzaman ◽  
Farzana Amin ◽  
Lutful Kabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Thyroid Function Test ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Normal Thyroid Function

Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is a metabolic disorder with prevalence about 4-10% in general population. This study was conducted to observe the pattern of fasting lipid profile in SCH and to correlate the components of it with thyroid stimulating hormone and free thyroxin level. This cross sectional observational study included 31 newly diagnosed cases of SCH and 17 age and BMI matched healthy control subjects with normal thyroid function test. Fasting lipid profile was recorded and compared. TSH was significantly higher in SCH compared to controls (9.09±2.79 vs 2.31±0.92 μIU/ml; p=0.001). FT4 was comparable between the groups (1.17±0.18 vs 1.28±0.20 ng/dl; p=0.938). Significantly higher level of Total cholesterol and LDL-C were observed in SCH compared to controls (TC 194.77±29.70 vs 156.59±20.45 mg/dl; p=0.042 and LDL-C 124.81±27.85 mg/dl vs 88.59±18.41mg/dl; p=0.045 respectively). Triglycerides and HDL-C were comparable between the groups (TG 134.90±80.97 vs 118.12±49.14 mg/dl; p=0.171 and HDL-C 42.87±4.83 vs 44.47±5.66; p=0.633 respectively). TSH showed significant positive correlation with TC and LDL-C (r=0.591, p<0.001 and r=0.644, p<0.001 respectively), but not with TG or HDL-C (r=0.011, p=0.943 and r=0.115, p=0.435 respectively). FT4 only showed significant negative correlation with LDL-C (r=0.302; P=0.037) but not with TC, TG or HDL-C (TC: r=0.245, P=0.093; TG: r=0.121, p=0.411 and HDL-C: r=0.108, p=0.466 respectively). SCH is associated with raised TC and LDL-C. So patients with SCH are more vulnerable to develop future adverse cardio-metabolic complications. Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2021;16(1):17-20

scholarly journals A comparative study on outcomes of preprandial versus postprandial thyroid function test

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1662
Author(s):  
Vasim Ismail Patel ◽  
Akshay B. K.
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Thyroid Function Test ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Endocrine Gland ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Group 2

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The thyroid is an<strong> </strong>endocrine gland. It secretes two hormones thyroxine (T<sub>4</sub>), triiodothyronine (T<sub>3</sub>). Hypothyroidism is a common condition encountered by a clinician. Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) defined as normal free thyroxine (T4) and elevated thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), is primarily a biochemical diagnosis with or without clinical symptoms. Studies have observed that TSH levels vary at different times in a day. In practice not much importance is given to the timing of the sample collection (pre-prandial or post-prandial sate). SCH is diagnosed depending on TSH value. So the condition may be under or over diagnosed based on a single value. So we conducted this study to determine whether timing of sample collection had any significant relationship in the determination of levels of thyroid hormones.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The study was carried on 114 patients who visited ENT department, NMCH between July 2018 and June 2019. Group-1 consisted of 38 normal patients. Group-2 consisted of 36 hypothyroidism patients GROUP-3 consisted of 40 subclinical hypothyroidism patients. Thyroid function tests (TSH and free T4) were done in fasting state and 2 hours postprandially.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> TSH values were found to be significantly lowered after food in all the three groups. Free T4 values did not show any statistically significant alteration after food.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> There was a significant decline in TSH values postprandially. This might lead to inappropriate diagnosis and management of patients as cases of hypothyroidism, especially in cases of sub clinical hypothyroidism.</p>

scholarly journals Can postpartum maternal urinary iodine be used to estimate iodine nutrition status of newborns?

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (7) ◽  
pp. 1226-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pantea Nazeri ◽  
Parvin Mirmiran ◽  
Mehdi Hedayati ◽  
Yadollah Mehrabi ◽  
Hossein Delshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Iodine Nutrition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Heel Prick ◽  
Postpartum Mothers

AbstractI deficiency can lead to detrimental effects, particularly in neonates and young infants. The aim of this study was to explore whether postpartum maternal urinary I can be used to estimate the I status of newborns. In this cross-sectional study conducted in Tehran, lactating mothers and newborns, within 3–5 d postpartum, were randomly selected. Urine samples were collected from each mother and newborn, and a heel-prick blood sample was obtained from all newborns as part of the routine national newborn screening programme. According to the WHO criteria, median urinary I concentration (UIC) <100 µg/l and frequency over 3 % of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) >5 mIU/l was considered as I insufficiency. A total of 147 postpartum women and neonates, aged 27·8 (sd5·3) years and 4·2 (sd0·6) d, respectively, completed this study. The median UIC was 68·0 (interquartile range (IQR) 39·4–133·5) and 212·5 (IQR 92·3–307·3) µg/l in postpartum mothers and newborns, respectively. The median neonatal TSH was 1·00 (IQR 0·50–1·70) mIU/l. There was no significant difference in the neonatal UIC and TSH of infants whose mothers had deficient and sufficient urinary I. In the multiple linear regression, neonatal UIC value was associated with maternal urinary I (P=0·048) and parity (P=0·039); a significant association was observed between neonatal TSH and infant sex (P=0·038) and birth weight (P=0·049). The findings of our study demonstrate that, despite postpartum mothers being mildly I deficient, I status of their infants was adequate as assessed by UIC and TSH values. It seems factors other than maternal urinary I may influence the I status in newborns.

scholarly journals Trimester-specific reference ranges for thyroid hormones of pregnant females at tertiary care hospitals in Lahore, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asim Mumtaz ◽  
Fauzia Sadiq ◽  
Saima Zaki ◽  
Hijab Batool ◽  
Muhammad Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Thyroid Function Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals

Abstract Background The significance of investigation for diagnosing and managing thyroid dysfunction in pregnant females has been extensively documented in the medical literature. This study aimed to determine trimester-specific reference ranges for thyroid-stimulating hormones (TSH), free T3 (FT3), and free T4 (FT4) in apparently healthy pregnant women attending tertiary care hospitals in Lahore. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at two tertiary care Hospitals in Lahore, Pakistan. In this multi-centric study, 500 pregnant females were initially enrolled from September 2019 to December 2019 who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. For measurement of serum FT3, FT4, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO), and thyroglobulin antibodies, 5 ml of the blood sample was drawn, under aseptic conditions, from each subject using Maglumi 800 chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) system. Results Out of 500 subjects, 23 subjects with positive anti-TPO, 19 subjects with anti-TG antibodies, and 12 subjects due to less volume of serum yielded from whole blood (serum less than 3 ml) were excluded from the analysis. Ten samples were hemolyzed and not included in the analysis. A total of 436 samples were examined for analysis. Of the remaining 436 subjects, 133 (30.5%) were from 1st trimester, 153 (35.1%) from 2nd trimester, and 150 (34.4%) from 3rd trimester. As the data were non-normal, the 2.5th, 50th, and 97.5th percentiles were calculated to express each group's results. Trimester specific range of TSH 0.168-4.294, 0.258-4.584 and 0.341-4.625 mIU/mL, FT31.857-4.408, 1.958-4.621 and 2.025-4.821 pmol/L and FT4 8.815-18.006, 8.306-17.341 and 7.402-17.292 pmol/L. Conclusion In this study, we established a trimester-specific reference range for our local population's thyroid function test. The results of this study have complemented the results of previous studies.

scholarly journals Influence of BMI on foot posture alignment in resting gait of secondary school children in Lagos metropolis aged 10 to 18 years

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Godwin O. Mbaka ◽  
Mario Adelaja
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
School Children ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Foot Alignment

The study was to determine the influence of BMI on foot posture alignment in the resting gait of secondary school children. A localized, two-stage, stratified, cross-sectional, and descriptive survey was carried out in 10 secondary schools involving a sample secondary student population of 518 students, 235 males, and 283 females. The result shows that there was a statistically significant association (X2=32.4345, p=0.000) between the BMI of student’s cohort and their age. There was also a statistically significant association between different age groups and gender at p<0.046. Using the statistics of Pearson chi-square analysis, age-dependent variability of BMI (X2=32.4345, p=0.000) was established amongst the study population. The BMI of students for the varying foot alignment was not normally distributed, instead, it was skewed to the right. According to the Kruskal-Wallis H test, there was no statistically significant difference in BMI between the three age cohorts of student’s foot alignment in resting gait; Pearson chisquare, X2 (2) = 4.575, p=0.1015. The distribution of the left foot posture alignment according to the FPI scale indicates that overall, 82.13% of males and 84.40% of females showed normal foot alignment whereas 10.64% and 9.22% of male and female students respectively confirmed slight foot pronation while 7.23% of male students and 6.38% of female students showed slightly supinated feet. This study shows that BMI has no influence on FPI in resting gait. The high incidence of underweight amongst the students’ population could be a reflection of the low socioeconomic status of many families.

scholarly journals Association of Sub-Clinical Hypothyroidism with Abnormal Levels of Lipid in the Population of Nawabshah, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 452-458
Author(s):  
Nasrullah Aamer ◽  
Beenish Ghafar Memon ◽  
Abdul Rashid ◽  
Dayaram Makwana ◽  
Shahzad Memon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group B ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Aims: Aim of this investigation was to access the association of dyslipidemia with subclinical hypothyroidism. Methodology: In this cross-sectional investigation, 1948 participants were recruited. Two groups were made; participants up to 18 years were in group A and Subjects over 18 years were incorporated in group 2. They were subdivided into control, subclinical hypothyroid 1, and subclinical hypothyroid 2. SPSS 21 was used for data analysis. Results:  Data of 1619 individuals were analyzed. The mean age of Group A participants was 12.79 ± 2.779, and the mean age of Group B participants was 42.58 ± 18.012. The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroid was found at 13.5 %. Significant differences have been observed while comparing Group A and Group B (P <0.001). Free tetraiodothyronine and Free triiodothyronine also showed a significant difference in both groups. (P<0.05). No significant difference between mean Thyroid-stimulating hormone levels was observed (P>0.05). No significant association between Controls and High-density Lipid values was found between Controls and subclinical hypothyroid. Conclusion: We conclude that subclinical hypothyroidism leads to increased dyslipidemia. Lower Serum total cholesterol and low-density lipid levels were detected among children and participants under the age of 18 with Thyroid-stimulating hormone greater than 10 mIU/L. Thyroid-stimulating hormone less than 10.0 mIU/L had no lipid abnormalities in subclinical hypothyroid participants.

scholarly journals Macroscopic Study of the Isthmus of the Thyroid Gland in Bangladeshi People: A Postmortem Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Fakhrul Amin Mohammad Hasanul Banna ◽  
Zakia Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Group A ◽  
C 50 ◽  
Group B

Background: The position and size of isthmus of thyroid gland varies considerably in human with age, sex, physiologic state, race and geographical location and sometimes the isthmus may be absent. So this study was designed to find out the macroscopic differences in isthmus of thyroid gland of different age and sex groups in Bangladeshi people.Objective: To record the macroscopic characteristics of isthmus of thyroid gland with advancing age in both sexes with a view to help establishing normal standard of Bangladeshi people.Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 54 autopsied human thyroid glands aged 5 to 65 years. Thyroid glands were collected from unclaimed dead bodies autopsied in the morgue of Sylhet M. A. G. Osmani Medical College, Sylhet. The collected specimens were divided into groups –– A (20 years and below), B (21 to 50 years) and C (50 years and above). All specimens were examined morphologically by careful gross dissection method.Results: The isthmus was absent in 5.56% cases. In most of the cases (35.29%) it was against the 1st–4th tracheal rings. There was significant difference in length between Group A and Group C (p<0.05) and in breadth between Group A and Group C and between Group B and Group C (p<0.05). No significant difference was found in length, breadth and thickness of isthmus of the thyroid gland between males and females.Conclusion: The presence or absence, positional change and variation in gross dimension of isthmus of thyroid gland were evident in human. The macroscopic difference was found with increasing age but not with sex.J Enam Med Col 2017; 7(1): 15-19

scholarly journals A Postmortem Study on the Volume of the Human Thyroid Gland

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
ASM Nurunnabi ◽  
S Ara ◽  
MU Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fluid Displacement ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B

The present study was designed to find out the difference in volume of the thyroid gland of Bangladeshi people in relation to age and sex and to compare with previous local and foreign studies. It was a Cross-sectional descriptive type of study. The hospital based study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from January to December 2008. The present study was performed on 60 post mortem human thyroid gland (39 of male and 21 of female) collected from unclaimed dead bodies which were in the morgue under examination in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into three age-groups including group A (10-20 years), group B (21-50 years) & group C (>50 years) and the volume of the thyroid glands were measured by fluid displacement method and recorded. No difference was found in mean volume of the thyroid gland between male and female. However, significant difference was found in between age groups. The volume of the gland was found to increase from early childhood and puberty up to 50 years of age and then decreased.  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v38i1.10444  Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2012; 38: 6-8

Endocrinological Abnormalities and Growth Impairment in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 063-069
Author(s):  
B. John ◽  
Rakesh Gupta ◽  
Abhishek Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Growth Failure ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Pediatric Hiv ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
Low T3 ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Background Pediatric human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an important emerging disease and many children are surviving into adulthood with effective antiretroviral therapy. Growth dysregulation is common in these children and endocrine abnormalities are likely to be a possible comorbidity. There is a paucity of data on these endocrinological abnormalities in this population. Against this background, a study to evaluate the endocrinological profile in HIV-infected children and its relationship with growth failure was performed. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed in children less than 18 years attending the pediatric HIV clinic at a tertiary care hospital in central India. Blood samples for T3, T4, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), growth hormone (GH), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), cortisol, and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) were collected during routine visit, preserved at –70°C, and subsequently assayed. Statistical analysis for the data with respect to the endocrinological abnormalities and growth failure was performed. Results A total of 100 children were included in the study. The prevalence of growth failure was high. Nineteen percent children had height less than − 3 standard deviation (SD) and 59% children had height less than 2SD. The prevalence of endocrinological abnormalities was also high. Fifty-four percent children had low T3 levels, 12% had low T4 levels, 4% had high TSH levels, 44% had low cortisol levels, and 25% had low DHEA. Fifty-eight percent children had low GH levels, while IGFBP3 levels were low in the entire cohort. There was a statistically significant association between growth failure and levels of T3 and GH. Conclusion Our results show a high prevalence of growth failure and endocrinological abnormalities in HIV-infected children. A significant association between growth failure and endocrine abnormalities was found for T3 and GH.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Insulin Resistance and Its Association With Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone and Obesity in Infertile Women With Different Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Phenotypes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azam Azargoon ◽  
Narges Sadeghi ◽  
Majid Mirmohammadkhani
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Type I ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infertile Women ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) according to the phenotypic subgroups of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and to determine the associations of TSH levels and body mass index (BMI) with IR in infertile women with PCOS. In this cross-sectional study, we included 400 infertile women with a diagnosis of PCOS according to Rotterdam criteria who were referred to the infertility clinic of amir-al-Momenin University Hospital from April 2018- to January 2020. They were classified into four different phenotypic subgroups according to ESHRE guidelines. The homeostasis model (HOMA-IR) was used to measure IR. The prevalence of insulin resistance was 39.3% in infertile women with PCOS. Among women with PCOS, the commonest phenotype was type I (68%), with type II (18.2%), type III (8.8%), and type IV (5%), respectively. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of IR among different phenotypes of PCOS. Logistic regression analysis showed that the chance of insulin resistance was higher in overweight (OR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.07, 2.88, P=0.024) and obese PCOS women (OR: 3.25, 95% CI: 1.86, 5.67, P<0.001) compared with those who were normal or underweight. Moreover, the chance of IR was higher in PCOS women with TSH ≥2.5 μIU/ml as compared with those who had TSH <2.5 μIU/ml (OR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.18, 3.40, P<0.001). Insulin resistance is a prevalent disorder among infertile Iranian women with PCOS BMI, and serum levels of TSH ≥2.5 μIU/ml are independent predictors of IR.

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