Assessment of the Possibilities of B-Mode Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Cervical Intervertebral Discs Hernia in Adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizvan Ya Abdullaiev ◽  
Konul N Ibragimova ◽  
Ibragimova Tatyana A ◽  
Philipp N Gorleku ◽  
Roman R Abdullaiev
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Spinal Canal ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Axial Section ◽  
Disc Hernia ◽  
Neurologic Status ◽  
Space Size

Objective: To improve the efficiency of cervical intervertebral discs hernia by determining the ultrasound biomarkers. Materials and Methods: The study included 38 healthy adolescents with normal intervertebral discs and neurologic status and 21 person with the disc hernia. Ultrasonography (USG) was performed at the level of disks C2-C3, C3-C4, C4-C5, C5-C6, C6-C7, C7-Тh1 in longitudinal and transverse projections. In axial section was performed the sagittal intervertebral disc and spinal canal sizes, the anterior dural space size, the width of spinal nerve canals. Results: In 9 (42,9±10,8% ) cases, the hernia was localized at the level of C5-C6, in 7 (33,3 ±10,3%) - C4-C5, in 2 (9,5±6,4%) - at the level of C2-C3 and C6-C7 C7, in 1 (4,8±4,7%) – at the level of C3-C4 respectively. In 13 (61,9±10,6%) cases the hernia had paramedian, in 5 (23,8±9,3%) cases – median, in 3 (14,3±7,6) cases – posterolateral localization. The paramedian hernia was significantly more frequently recorded than the posterolateral (P<0,05) and median hernia (p <0.001). Conclusions: In adolescents in the cervical spine, paramedian hernia are most commonly found, which are most often localized at the level of both C5-C6 and C4-C5. The greatest narrowing and deformation of the spinal nerve canal is observed by posterolateral and paramedian hernia, dural space – by median hernia respectively.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Possibilities of B-Mode Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Lumbar Intervertebral Discs Protrusion in Adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizvan Ya Abdullaiev ◽  
Ilgar G Mammadov ◽  
Tatyana A Dudnik ◽  
Roman R Abdullaiev
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Spinal Canal ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Longitudinal Section ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Axial Section ◽  
Disc Protrusion ◽  
Canal Width

Objective: To improve the efficiency of lumbar intervertebral discs protrusion by determining the ultrasound biomarkers. Materials and Methods: The study included 68 patients with the disc protrusion and 65 healthy adolescents with normal lumbar intervertebral discs and neurologic status aged 16-18 years. Ultrasonography (USG) was performed at the level of disks L1-L2, L2-L3, L3-L4, L4-L5, L5-S1 in longitudinal and transverse projections. In longitudinal section was measured height of lumbar vertebrae and intervertebral discs, in axial section – the sagittal sizes of intervertebral discs and spinal canal, width of spinal nerve canals, thickness of the yellow ligament. Results: In 31 (45,6±6,0%) cases the protrusion was paramedian, in 16 (23,5±5,1%) – posterolateral, in 13 (19,1±4,8) – median and in 8 (11,8±3,9%) – circular types. The paramedian protrusion was significantly more frequently recorded than the posterolateral (P<0,05), median and circular (p <0.001) types. In 7 (10,3±3,7% ) cases the protrusion was localized at the level of L2-L3, in 13 (19,1 ±4,8%) – L3-L4, in 27 (39,7±5,9%) - at the level of L4-L5 and in 21 (30,9±5,6%) – at the level of L5-S1 respectively. There were no significant differences in the frequency of occurrence between L2-L3 and L3-L4, as well as L4-L5 and L5-S1. The lower located lumbar discs were significantly more affected than the upper ones (P<0,05; P<0,001).Conclusions: In adolescents in the lumbar spine, paramedian protrusion are most commonly found, which are most often localized at the level of both L4-L5 and L5-S1. The greatest  narrowing and deformation of the spinal nerve canal is observed by posterolateral and paramedian protrusion. The greatest thickness of the yellow ligament, radiculopathy  is observed at level of L5-S1 protrusion. 

scholarly journals Diagnosis and treatment of reflex-pain syndromes in patients with herniated intervertebral disc before surgical decompression

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1(2)) ◽  
pp. 111-114
Author(s):  
Ye. B. Kolotov ◽  
A. A. Lutsik ◽  
A. V. Mironov ◽  
S. V. Yelagin
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Intervertebral Disk ◽  
Surgical Decompression ◽  
Pain Syndromes ◽  
Herniated Intervertebral Disc

To upgrade the results of surgical treatment in patients operated on for gerniated intervertebral disk the reflex-pain syndromes of spondylarthrosis and osteohondrous was studied. Before surgical treatment alcohol-novocain blockades have been used to perform denervation of intervertebral discs and joints. The reflex-pain syndromes was evoked by solution injection and then arrested by alcohol-novocain injection. Clinical outcome in long-term period after surgical treatment became good in 89% (p < 0.05) on cervical spine and in 84% (p < 0.05) lumbar.

Intervertebral Disc Morphology in Cervical Spine Biomechanics

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srirangam Kumaresan ◽  
Frank A. Pintar ◽  
Narayan Yoganandan ◽  
Phaladone J. Khouphongsy ◽  
Joseph F. Cusick
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Nucleus Pulposus ◽  
Annulus Fibrosus ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Old Adult ◽  
Staining Methods ◽  
Histological Images

Abstract Although qualitative descriptions of degenerative changes in the intervertebral disc components have been reported, methods to quantify these changes are lacking. A methodology was developed in this study to quantify the three-dimensional geometrical variations of the annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus. Fresh isolated intervertebral discs with adjacent vertebral bodies of skeletally mature young and old adult primates were sectioned sequentially, and different staining methods were used to distinguish the annulus and nucleus. Histological images were examined using light microscopy and exported to a computer to trace the boundaries of the annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus. Dorsal to ventral depth, medial to lateral width, and caudal to cranial height measurements of the nucleus pulposus and its relative location to the annulus pulposus were obtained. In the young adult, the nucleus was translucent with scattered notochordal cells. In the older adult, the nucleus appeared as a dense region of amorphous, irregular collagen material. A higher geometrical variation of nucleus due to degeneration was noted in the sagittal plane compared to coronal plane. Determination of the three-dimensional geometrical variations and histology analyses will assist mathematical modelers to better define the disc to study the biomechanics of the cervical spine.

scholarly journals A non-linear multiaxial fatigue damage model for the cervical intervertebral disc annulus

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 168781401877949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shruti Motiwale ◽  
Adhitya Subramani ◽  
Reuben H Kraft ◽  
Xianlian Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Neck Pain ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
Disc Degeneration ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Quantitative Prediction ◽  
Biomechanical Models ◽  
Non Linear

A significant portion of the military population develops severe neck pain in the course of their duties. It has been hypothesized that neck pain is a consequence of accelerated degeneration of the intervertebral discs in the cervical spine, but more occupational and mechanistic-based tools and research are needed to positively confirm the link between neck pain and accelerated disc degeneration. Heavy head-supported mass including helmets and accessories worn by military personnel may subject the intervertebral discs of the cervical spine to complex cyclic loading profiles. In addition, some military operational travel which includes riding on high speed planing boats has also been reported to result in high magnitude cyclic loading on cervical spine discs. In this article, we present a methodology to computationally predict fatigue damage to cervical intervertebral discs over extended periods of time, by integrating kinematics-based biomechanical models with a continuum damage mechanics-based theory of disc degeneration. Through this computational approach, we can gain insights into the relationship between these military activities and possible accelerated fatigue degeneration of cervical intervertebral discs and provide a quantitative prediction tool for decade-long time ranges. The four significant improvements this computational framework adds to the area of modeling intervertebral disc degeneration are the following: (a) it addresses the non-linear nature of fatigue damage evolution, (b) it includes the effect of aging and damage recovery to accurately simulate biological phenomena, (c) it computes fatigue damage taking into account the multiaxial stress state in the disc, and (d) it correlates the computational damage parameter with established clinical grading systems for disc degeneration.

scholarly journals ULTRASOUND FEATURES OF CERVICAL SPINE IN HEALTHY PEOPLE

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander D. Zubov ◽  
Alexandra A. Berezhnaya ◽  
Larisa N. Antonova ◽  
Andrey A. Zubov
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Height Measurement ◽  
The Right ◽  
Disc Level

Aim. In this research, we aimed to study echographic characteristics and normal sizes of the vertebrae and intervertebral discs of the cervical region in healthy individuals.Materials and methods. On the material of 45 healthy volunteers, normal echographic characteristics of the cervical spine were studied using Toshiba Aplio 500 and Toshiba Aplio XG (Japan) scanners equipped with 3.5–5.0 MHz convex sensors and 7.5–12.0 MHz linear sensors.Results. It is found that ultrasound examination from the anterior-lateral access to the right and left allows the C3–C7 vertebral body surfaces facing the sensor to be visualized and their interposition and condition to be evaluated. A new echoanatomical reference point for ultrasonic identifi cation of the level of the cervical vertebra is proposed based on the visualization during the transverse scanning of the carotid artery bifurcation, which corresponds to the C3–C4 intervertebral disc level. The information capacity of the proposed echoanatomical criterion exceeds that for the traditional anatomical criterion used for the C7 vertebra along the sternoclavicular joint by 15.6 ± 5.4%. It is revealed that ultrasound examination provides for a satisfactory visualization of intervertebral discs at a level from C3–C4 to C7–Th1 in the longitudinal and transverse projections, as well as the evaluation of their echostructure and height measurement. The minimum, maximum and average values of the height of intervertebral discs at different levels are given; their dependence on gender, height and body weight of the examined persons is analyzed.Conclusion. It is established that ultrasound examination from the anterior-lateral access is an informative method for investigating vertebral structures at the C3–C7 level. The proposed echoanatomical reference point for C3 and C4 vertebrae allows the ultrasonic identifi cation of the cervical vertebra level to be improved by 15.6 ± 5.4%. The height of the intervertebral disc in healthy persons averages 4.38 ± 0.51 mm and signifi cantly nonlinearly increases from the C3–C4 to C7–Th1 level. 

scholarly journals Cervical intervertebral disc denervation during rotator cuff tendon plasty

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
A. V. Peleganchuk ◽  
O. N. Leonova ◽  
A. A. Alekperov
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Rotator Cuff Tear ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Cuff Tear

Objective. To analyze the effect of denervation of intervertebral discs in the cervical spine on the results of surgical treatment of patients with injuries to rotator cuff tendons of the shoulder joint.Material and Methods. Study design: descriptive hypothesis-generating study. The study included patients requiring surgical treatment of rotator cuff tear.  Two groups were identified: Group A included 28 patients who underwent plastic repair of rotator cuff tear with additional denervation of intervertebral discs, and Group B – 30 patients who underwent only plastic surgery for rotator cuff tear. The intensity of pain according to the VAS, functional activity due to neck pain (NDI), functionality of the shoulder joint (UCLA), and the degree of intervertebral disc degeneration according to MRI were assessed, and the effectiveness of treatment was determined. Statistical calculations were performed using the RStudio program.Results. In the group of patients with denervation of intervertebral discs, a more pronounced decrease in the intensity of pain syndrome at 3, 6, and 12 months (p < 0.001; p < 0.001; and p = 0.002), a more proportion of effectively treated patients at 3 months (p = 0.003), and significant increase in functional activity according to NDI at 3, 6 and 12 months of follow-up period (p < 0.001; p = 0.010; and p = 0.045) were observed.Conclusions. There is an underestimation of the role of degenerative cervical spine pathology in the occurrence of shoulder joint pain. In the case of rotation cuff plasty the additional denervation reduces the intensity of pain syndrome in the shoulder joint in the postoperative period.

The Symptomatic Incompetent Cervical Intervertebral Disc

Neurosurgery ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Vassilouthis ◽  
Angelos Kalovithouris ◽  
Athinodoros Papandreou ◽  
Stergios Tegos
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Spinal Canal ◽  
Positive Contrast ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Complete Relief ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Disc Protrusion

Abstract A series of 16 patients with symptoms such as pain in the neck, occiput, shoulder and arm; numbness in the hands: and/or difficulty in walking, is described. Neurological examination of the upper extremities disclosed signs of nerve roots dysfunction in 5 patients and long tract signs in 12, whereas examination of the lower extremities disclosed long tract signs in every patient. Positive contrast cervical myelograms suggested mild posterior bulging of one or two intervertebral discs in every patient, but computed tomographic myelograms invariably demonstrated a coincident narrow cervical spinal canal, thus revealing the true compressive potential of the aforementioned mild disc protrusion on the spinal cord. All patients underwent anterior cervical microdiscectomy of the offending disc or discs, which were found to be degenerated. No case of frank rupture of the anulus was identified. Response to treatment was graded as excellent in 12 patients, who had complete relief of symptoms, and good in 4 patients, who had mild residual complaints. This study suggests that incompetence (bulging) of a cervical intervertebral disc may acquire important clinical significance in the presence of a narrow spinal canal by compressing the spinal cord and the corresponding nerve roots. Surgical removal of the diseased disc may result in restoration of neurological function.

scholarly journals Use of an Internal Retractor for Percutaneous Full-Endoscopic Resection in Cervical Intervertebral Disc Herniation with a Posterior Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-494
Author(s):  
Shu Nakamura ◽  
Mitsuto Taguchi
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Nerve Root ◽  
Spinal Canal ◽  
Posterior Approach ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Herniated Disc ◽  
Intervertebral Disc Herniation ◽  
Postoperative Course ◽  
Outer Sheath

Study Design: A preliminary case series study.Purpose: For the safety of performing a posterior percutaneous full-endoscopic cervical discectomy.Overview of Literature: Because of the lack of space for inserting an outer sheath above the intervertebral disc in the spinal canal, grasping the herniated disc with forceps while retracting the nerves with the forceps itself was required. This procedure produces the risk of inadvertently injuring nerves because of inadequate visualization of the hernia and inadequate protection of the nerve.Methods: Our new internal retractor can be inserted into the working channel of a percutaneous full-endoscope, enabling the insertion of a second tool. After partial foraminotomy, the internal retractor and forceps were manipulated to reliably retract the nerve root. Finally, the herniated disc was resected under an endoscopic view.Results: All six cases had a good postoperative course, and postoperative neuropathy was not observed.Conclusions: This internal retractor allows for the secure resection herniated cervical intervertebral discs.

Melatonin: Protection of the Intervertebral Disc

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Russel J Reiter ◽  
Sergio Rosales-Corral ◽  
Ramaswamy Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Lumbar Pain ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Protective Actions ◽  
Aging Populations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Endogenous Melatonin

     Low back pain (lumbar pain) due to injury of or damage to intervertebral discs is common in all societies.  The loss of work time as a result of this problem is massive.  Recent research suggests that melatonin may prevent or counteract intervertebral disc damage. This may be especially relevant in aging populations given that endogenous melatonin, in most individuals, dwindles with increasing age. The publications related to melatonin and its protection of the intervertebral disc are reviewed herein, including definition of some molecular mechanisms that account for melatonin’s protective actions. 

Clinical and Radiographic Correlation (According to CT) in Patients with Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Stenosis

2017 ◽  
pp. 124-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Mlyavykh ◽  
A. Y. Aleynik ◽  
A. E. Bokov ◽  
M. V. Rasteryaeva ◽  
M. A. Kutlaeva
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Spinal Canal ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Neurogenic Claudication ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Lumbar Stenosis ◽  
Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Stenosis ◽  
Lumbar Spinal

Сomputed tomography (CT) is widely used in the diagnosis of  degenerative pathology of the lumbar spine, but the relationship  between clinical manifestations of lumbar stenosis and its anatomical prerequisites has not been sufficiently studied to date.The objective: to determine the significance of the morphometric  parameters of lumbar stenosis according to CT scans and to  establish their relationship with the prevailing symptoms of the disease.Material and methods. Seventy-five consecutive patients with  clinically significant lumbar stenosis who underwent CT scan before  surgery were enrolled in this study. The average values of thirteen  different morphometric parameters were calculated at LIII–SI levels of the intervertebral discs and of the pedicels in the axial and sagittal views. The possibility of classification of clinical observations and the correlation of morphometric parameters with the clinical forms of lumbar stenosis were investigated using discriminant and logistic regression analysis. Results. CT scan with high probability allocates patients with  predominant symptoms of neurogenic claudication or bilateral  radiculopathy. The most significant morphometric predictors of this  clinical group are the depth of the lateral recesses and the cross-sectional area of the spinal canal.Conclusion. CT scan significantly expands the informative value of  magnetic resonance imaging and can be used in planning the  decompressive stage of the surgery intervention in patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis.

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