Subchondral bone density and cartilage degeneration patterns in osteoarthritic metacarpal condyles of horses

Abstract Objective: To verify the presence of histopathological injury and cartilage degeneration in MIA induced joints. To investigate the correlation between inflammatory reaction and subchondral bone remodeling in a rodent osteoarthritic model.Method: Intra-articular injection of MIA was performed in Wistar rats to induce OA. After 4 weeks intervention, the animals were sacrificed, changes in intrinsic structural properties of the subchondral bones were measured using micro-CT scanning. Moreover, the histological evaluation and biochemical analysis was conducted using histochemical staining, immunofluorescence, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blot analysis.Results: This study demonstrated that intra-articular injection of MIA increased chondrocyte apoptosis and promoted cartilage matrix degradation, such as cartilage surface defects and shallow or even disappeared staining. MIA also induced the inflammatory process, improved the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, matrix metalloproteinase, and decreased the expression of cartilage specific proteins with the extension of modeling time. Meanwhile, the MIA also significantly accelerated the subchondral bone remodeling at both week two and week four, as shown by the decreased subchondral bone density, thinning of trabeculae, disordered cartilage structure and morphology.Conclusion: Intra-articular injection of MIA can lead to articular cartilage degeneration and subchondral bone remodeling in the rat model of OA. MIA induced rodent osteoarthritic model would cause decreased subchondral bone density, sparse trabecular bone, and other manifestations of osteoporosis accompanied by an inflammatory response, which would worsen with the progression of modelling time.

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Early patellofemoral articular cartilage degeneration in a rat model of patellar instability is associated with activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12891-021-03965-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wei Lin ◽

Huijun Kang ◽

Yike Dai ◽

Yingzhen Niu ◽

Guangmin Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Articular Cartilage ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Subchondral Bone ◽

Patellofemoral Joint ◽

Patellar Instability ◽

Cartilage Degeneration ◽

Control Group ◽

And Control ◽

Articular Cartilage Degeneration ◽

And Cartilage

Abstract Background Patellar instability (PI) often increases the possibility of lateral patellar dislocation and early osteoarthritis. The molecular mechanism of early articular cartilage degeneration during patellofemoral osteoarthritis (PFOA) still requires further investigation. However, it is known that the NF-κB signaling pathway plays an important role in articular cartilage degeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the NF-κB signaling pathway and patellofemoral joint cartilage degeneration. Methods We established a rat model of PI-induced PFOA. Female 4-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 120) were randomly divided into two groups: the PI (n = 60) and control group (n = 60). The distal femurs of the PI and control group were isolated and compared 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery. The morphological structure of the trochlear cartilage and subchondral bone were evaluated by micro-computed tomography and histology. The expression of NF-κB, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13, collagen X, and TNF-ɑ were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results In the PI group, subchondral bone loss and cartilage degeneration were found 4 weeks after surgery. Compared with the control group, the protein and mRNA expression of NF-κB and TNF-ɑ were significantly increased 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery in the PI group. In addition, the markers of cartilage degeneration MMP-13 and collagen X were more highly expressed in the PI group compared with the control group at different time points after surgery. Conclusions This study has demonstrated that early patellofemoral joint cartilage degeneration can be caused by PI in growing rats, accompanied by significant subchondral bone loss and cartilage degeneration. In addition, the degeneration of articular cartilage may be associated with the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and can deteriorate with time as a result of PI.

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Long-term effects of tibial plateau leveling osteotomy and tibial tuberosity advancement on tibial plateau subchondral bone density in dogs

Veterinary Surgery ◽

10.1111/vsu.12790 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 566-571 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Elizabeth S. Leach ◽

Ursula Krotscheck ◽

Kelsey J. Goode ◽

Galina M. Hayes ◽

Peter Böttcher

Keyword(s):

Bone Density ◽

Subchondral Bone ◽

Tibial Plateau ◽

Tibial Tuberosity ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Subchondral Bone Density

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Relationship Between Bone Marrow Lesions on MRI and Cartilage Degeneration in Osteochondral Lesions of the Talar Dome

Foot & Ankle International ◽

10.1177/1071100718766596 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (8) ◽

pp. 908-915 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Tomoyuki Nakasa ◽

Yasunari Ikuta ◽

Mikiya Sawa ◽

Masahiro Yoshikawa ◽

Yusuke Tsuyuguchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Subchondral Bone ◽

Cartilage Degeneration ◽

Osteochondral Lesions ◽

Talar Dome ◽

Mankin Score ◽

Osteochondral Fragment ◽

The Mean ◽

And Cartilage ◽

Ct And Mri

Background: In the evaluation of osteochondral lesions of the talar dome (OLT), bone marrow lesions (BML) are commonly observed in the subchondral bone on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, the significance of BML, such as the histology of the overlying cartilage, is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the BML and cartilage degeneration in OLT. Methods: Thirty-three ankles with OLT were included in this study. All ankles underwent CT and MRI and had operative treatment. The ankles were divided into 2 groups, depending on the presence of bone sclerosis (ie, with or without) in the host bone just below the osteochondral fragment (nonsclerosis group and sclerosis group). The area of BML was compared between the 2 groups. Biopsies of the osteochondral fragment from 20 ankles were performed during surgery, and the correlation between the BML and cartilage degeneration was analyzed. The remaining 13 ankles had the CT and MRI compared with the arthroscopic findings. Results: The mean area of BML in the nonsclerosis group was significantly larger than that in the sclerosis group. In the histologic analysis, there was a significant and moderate correlation between the Mankin score and the area of BML. The mean Mankin score in the nonsclerosis group was significantly lower than that in the sclerosis group. Conclusions: This study revealed that a large area of BML on MRI exhibited low degeneration of cartilage of the osteochondral fragment, while a small area of BML indicated sclerosis of the subchondral bone with severe degeneration of cartilage. The evaluation of BML may predict the cartilage condition of the osteochondral fragment. Level of Evidence: Level III, comparative series.

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Spatial Subchondral Bone Density Reflecting Joint Loading of the Talus in Different Canidae

Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1685511 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (03) ◽

pp. 207-214

Author(s):

Walter Dingemanse ◽

Ingrid Gielen ◽

Henri van Bree ◽

Magdalena Müller-Gerbl ◽

Nikola Krstić ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Density ◽

Density Distribution ◽

Subchondral Bone ◽

Canis Lupus ◽

Joint Loading ◽

German Shepherd ◽

Canis Aureus ◽

Joint Biomechanics ◽

Subchondral Bone Density

Objective Subchondral bone density distribution can be used to study joint biomechanics non-invasively. Differences in joint loading between related species can aid in the understanding of joint loading and the development of certain types of orthopaedic pathology. This study was conducted to evaluate density distribution in the subchondral bone of the talus of different Canidae species, as a parameter reflecting the long-term joint loading in the tarsocrural joint. Materials and Methods The tarsal joints of cadaveric dogs of different breeds were included, that is, German Shepherd (n = 5), Bouvier des Flandres (n = 3) and Labrador Retriever (n = 6).Additionally, golden jackals (n = 5) (Canis aureus) and wolves (n = 5) (Canis lupus) were included. Consecutive computed tomography slices were made and the subchondral bone density distribution was evaluated using computer tomographic osteoabsorptiometry. Different breeds and species were visually compared. Results Differences were found in the subchondral bone density distribution of the talus between breeds and between species (Canis familiaris, Canis lupus and Canis aureus). Discussion and Conclusion Based on the density distribution, there are differences in loading conditions of the tarsocrural joint in different species of Canidae. The joint loading distribution is very similar between dogs of the same breed and within the same species. Although between-breed differences can be explained by conformational differences, the between-species differences remain subject to further research.

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Stress Distribution Patterns Across the Shoulder Joint in Gymnasts: A Computed Tomography Osteoabsorptiometry Study

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/2325967120962103 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 232596712096210

Author(s):

Daisuke Momma ◽

Wataru Iwamoto ◽

Kaori Endo ◽

Kazuki Sato ◽

Norimasa Iwasaki

Keyword(s):

Bone Density ◽

Stress Distribution ◽

Distribution Pattern ◽

Subchondral Bone ◽

Shoulder Joint ◽

Glenohumeral Joint ◽

Articular Surface ◽

Articular Surfaces ◽

Subchondral Bone Density ◽

Collegiate Gymnasts

Background: The distribution pattern of subchondral bone density is an indicator of stress distribution over a joint surface under long-term physiologic loading. The biomechanical characteristics of the articular surfaces of the shoulder joint in gymnasts can be determined by measuring this distribution pattern. Purpose: To evaluate the distribution of subchondral bone density across the shoulder joint in male collegiate gymnasts and to determine the effects of gymnastic activities on its articular surfaces under long-term loading conditions using computed tomography osteoabsorptiometry (CTOAM). Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: CT image data were obtained from both shoulders of 12 asymptomatic male collegiate gymnasts (gymnast group; mean age, 19.4 years; range, 18-22 years) and 10 male collegiate volunteers (control group; mean age, 20.2 years; range, 18-22 years). The distribution pattern of subchondral bone density across the articular surfaces of each shoulder joint was assessed by CTOAM. Quantitative analysis was performed of the locations and percentages of high-density areas on the articular surface. Results: Stress distribution patterns over the articular surfaces differed between the gymnasts and the controls. In the gymnasts, high-density areas were detected on the posterosuperior articular surface of the humeral head and the anterosuperior and/or posterosuperior articular surface of the glenoid. Mean bone density was greater in the gymnasts than in the controls ( P < .0001). Conclusion: Stress distribution over the articular surfaces of the shoulder joint was affected by gymnastic activities. Stress was concentrated over the superior part of the glenohumeral joint in male collegiate gymnasts. Clinical Relevance: The present findings suggest that gymnastic activities increase stress to the articular surfaces of the superior glenohumeral joint. This supports the notion that mechanical conditions play a crucial role in the origin of disorders particular to gymnastic activities.

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Lumbar facet joint subchondral bone density in low back pain and asymptomatic subjects

Skeletal Radiology ◽

10.1007/s00256-019-03314-w ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 571-576

Author(s):

Chien-Chou Pan ◽

Peter Simon ◽

Alejandro A. Espinoza Orías ◽

Ryota Takatori ◽

Howard S. An ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Back Pain ◽

Back Pain ◽

Bone Density ◽

Subchondral Bone ◽

Facet Joint ◽

Low Back ◽

Lumbar Facet Joint ◽

Subchondral Bone Density ◽

Asymptomatic Subjects ◽

Lumbar Facet

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Long-term Stress Distribution Patterns Across the Ankle Joint in Soccer Players: A Computed Tomography Osteoabsorptiometry Study

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/2325967120963085 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 232596712096308

Author(s):

Junki Shiota ◽

Daisuke Momma ◽

Takayoshi Yamaguchi ◽

Norimasa Iwasaki

Keyword(s):

Bone Density ◽

Stress Distribution ◽

Ankle Joint ◽

Subchondral Bone ◽

Articular Surface ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

High Density ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Subchondral Bone Density

Background: The distribution pattern of subchondral bone density is considered to accurately reflect the stress distribution over a joint under long-term physiologic loading. The biomechanical characteristics of the surface of the ankle joint in soccer players can be determined by measuring this distribution pattern under long-term loading. Purpose: To evaluate the distribution of subchondral bone density across the ankle joint in soccer players and to determine the effects of soccer activities, including kicking motion, on the ankle joint surface under long-term loading conditions by computed tomography (CT) osteoabsorptiometry (CTOAM). Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: CT imaging data were obtained from both ankles of 10 soccer players (soccer group) and 10 nonathletic volunteers (control group). The distribution patterns of subchondral bone density across the articular surface of the ankle joints were assessed by CTOAM. Quantitative analysis was performed of the locations and percentages of high-density areas on the articular surface. Results: Stress distribution patterns over the ankle joint differed between the soccer players and controls. In the soccer players, the high-density areas were found in the anterior part of the distal tibia and proximal talus as well as the distal fibula. The percentages of high-density areas were greater in the soccer players compared with controls ( P < .0001). Conclusion: Stress distribution over the articular surface of the ankle joint was affected by soccer activities. A high stress concentration was seen in soccer players in the anterior part of the tibia and talus and in the fibula; such excessive stress may lead to anterior impingement.

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