Effects of anesthesia with isoflurane on plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone in samples obtained from the cavernous sinus and jugular vein of horses

AbstractTo investigate the effect of simulated weightlessness on the pharmacokinetics of orally administered moxifloxacin and the antacid Maalox or the antidiarrheal Pepto-Bismol using a tail-suspended (TS) rat model of microgravity. Fasted control and TS, jugular-vein-cannulated, male Sprague-Dawley rats received either a single 5 mg/kg intravenous dose or a single 10 mg/kg oral dose of moxifloxacin alone or with a 0.625 mL/kg oral dose of Maalox or a 1.43 mL/kg oral dose of Pepto-Bismol. Plasma concentrations of moxifloxacin were measured by HPLC. Pharmacokinetic data were analyzed using WinNonlin. Simulated weightlessness had no effect on moxifloxacin disposition after intravenous administration but significantly decreased the extent of moxifloxacin oral absorption. The coadministration of moxifloxacin with Maalox to either control or TS rats caused significant reductions in the rate and extent of moxifloxacin absorption. In contrast, the coadministration of moxifloxacin with Pepto-Bismol to TS rats had no significant effect on either the rate or the extent of moxifloxacin absorption. These interactions showed dose staggering when oral administrations of Pepto-Bismol and moxifloxacin were separated by 60 min in control rats but not in TS rats. Dose staggering was more apparent after the coadministration of Maalox and moxifloxacin in TS rats.

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Regulation of CRH-induced secretion of ACTH and corticosterone by SOM230 in rats

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje.1.01998 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 153 (3) ◽

pp. R7-R10 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

A P Silva ◽

P Schoeffter ◽

G Weckbecker ◽

C Bruns ◽

H A Schmid

Keyword(s):

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Corticotropin Releasing Hormone ◽

Acth Secretion ◽

Releasing Hormone ◽

Corticosterone Secretion ◽

Corticosterone Release ◽

Acth Release

Objective: Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-dependent Cushing’s syndrome is biochemically characterized by increased plasma concentrations of ACTH inducing hypersecretion of cortisol. Somatostatin is known to inhibit ACTH secretion, and in vitro data have shown the inhibition of ACTH secretion by agonists activating sst2 and sst5 receptors. The present study aimed to determine the inhibitory effect of the multireceptor ligand SOM230, compared with the sst2-preferring agonist octreotide, on corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)-stimulated secretion of ACTH and corticosterone in rats. Methods: Secretion of ACTH and corticosterone was induced by i.v. application of CRH (0.5 μg/kg) in rats pretreated 1 h before by i.v. application of SOM230 (1, 3, or 10 μg/kg), octreotide (10 μg/kg) or NaCl 0.9%. Results: SOM230 (3 and 10 μg/kg) inhibited CRH-induced ACTH release by 45±3% and 51±2%, respectively, and corticosterone release by 43±5% and 27±16%, respectively. 10 μg/kg of octreotide tended to be less potent at inhibiting ACTH release (34±6% inhibition) and did not alter the secretion of corticosterone. Conclusion: SOM230 has a stronger inhibitory effect on ACTH and corticosterone secretion than octreotide in rats. This difference can be explained by its higher affinity to sst1, sst3 and especially sst5 receptors compared with octreotide.

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Relationship between plasma concentrations of estradiol-17β and progesterone and the distribution of epithelial and inflammatory cells in the external opening of the river buffaloes’ uterine cervix during the gestational period

BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE ◽

10.15547/bjvm.2019-0081 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 365-375

Author(s):

M. Goli ◽

E. Ayen ◽

S. Hassanzadeh ◽

M. H. Khadem Anssari

Keyword(s):

Uterine Cervix ◽

Jugular Vein ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Gestation Period ◽

Blood Levels ◽

External Opening ◽

Microscopic Evaluation ◽

The Difference ◽

Estradiol 17Β

Changes in the distribution of the epithelial and inflammatory cells in the external opening of the uterine cervix in river buffaloes at three different occasions during the gestation period were investigated by light microscopic evaluation of mucus smears prepared by wet swab sampling and Giemsa-stained. Forty five pregnant river buffaloes that were in the first (n=15), second (n=15) and third (n=15) approximately equal parts of their gestation period were sampled twice concurrently by individual wet swabs from the external opening of the uterine cervix. Five smears were prepared from each sample. Immediately after mucus sampling, blood samples were obtained from the jugular vein of each animal, centrifuged immediately and stored at -20 oC to assay the plasma levels of estradiol-17β and progesterone. The results showed that changes in the percentage of the vacuolated and non-vacuolated epithelial cells, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and basophils were not statistically significant between the groups, which suggests that as the pregnancy progressed, changes in the blood levels of estradiol-17β and progesterone had little or no effect on the distribution of these cells in the region, but changes in the percentage of neutrophils were statistically significant between the groups. It was also found that changes in the percentage of macrophages between the second and third trimesters of the gestation period were not significant, but the difference between the first and the other trimesters was statistically significant. It was concluded that the percentages of neutrophils and macrophages increase significantly as the plasma concentrations of progesterone decrease during the gestation.

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Plasma concentrations of cortisol and progesterone during the period of reproductive development in beef and dairy heifers

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1357729800053030 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 75 (2) ◽

pp. 281-288 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

N. C. Rawlings ◽

J. P. Kastelic ◽

A.C. O. Evans ◽

P. M. Bartlewski ◽

A. P. Beard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Beef Heifers ◽

Handling Stress ◽

Dairy Heifers ◽

Parallel Increase ◽

Beef Heifer ◽

Cortisol Release ◽

To Receive ◽

Heifer Calf

AbstractThe plasma concentrations of cortisol and progesterone during reproductive maturation in the heifer calf were examined. Six beef heifer calves were handled and bled every 2 weeks (control), 30 were left unhandled (naive). At 13, 21, 30, 39 and 47 weeks of age, a different group of naive heifers and the control heifers were bled every day for 5 days (puberty seen at 57·4 (s.e. 1·3) weeks). Thirty-nine dairy heifer calves were allocated to seven groups to receive adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) at either 4, 7, 9, 16, 26, 36 or 46 weeks of age (puberty expected around 43 weeks of age). Plasma concentrations of cortisol increased at 21, 30 and 39 weeks of age in frequently handled and naive beef heifers; the increase was greater at these ages in the naive beef heifers (age and treatment P < 0·01). No age trend was apparent for plasma concentrations of cortisol and progesterone prior to ACTH injections (t = 0) in frequently handled dairy heifers. Adrenal progesterone secretion did not change with age in beef heifers, but naive beef heifers had greater plasma concentrations than frequently handled beef heifers. ACTH induced cortisol release in dairy heifers as early as 4 weeks of age (P < 0·05), but the response was greater in dairy heifers 16 weeks old and older (P < 0·05). A progesterone response to ACTH in dairy heifers was not seen until animals were 9 weeks old. It is concluded that as heifers mature reproductively, there is a parallel increase in the sensitivity of the adrenal gland to ACTH and handling stress.

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Plasma profiles of adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, and growth hormone in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism before and after hypophysectomy

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.1.06782 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 190 (3) ◽

pp. 601-609 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

J M Hanson ◽

H S Kooistra ◽

J A Mol ◽

E Teske ◽

B P Meij

Keyword(s):

Plasma Cortisol ◽

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Pulse Frequency ◽

Cortisol Concentration ◽

Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽

Plasma Cortisol Concentration ◽

Before And After ◽

Basal Plasma ◽

Stimulating Hormone

The 6-h plasma profiles of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), and GH were studied in 17 dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) before and after hypophysectomy. The aim of the study was to investigate the relation between the hormone profile characteristics and recurrence of PDH after surgery. The hormones were secreted in a pulsatile fashion. The basal plasma cortisol concentration and area under the curve (AUC) for cortisol were significantly higher in the PDH cases than in eight controls. The characteristics of the plasma profiles of ACTH and α-MSH were not significantly different between the PDH cases and the controls. In the PDH cases, less GH was secreted in pulses than in the controls, but the difference was not significant. The basal plasma cortisol concentration, the AUC for ACTH and cortisol, and the pulse frequency of ACTH and cortisol decreased significantly after hypophysectomy for the group of PDH cases. The basal plasma concentrations of ACTH and α-MSH, the AUC for α-MSH, and the characteristics of the plasma GH profiles of the PDH cases remained unchanged after hypophysectomy. No pulses of α-MSH were observed after hypophysectomy. The co-occurrence between the ACTH and cortisol pulses decreased significantly with hypophysectomy. The postoperative pulse frequency of ACTH was the only characteristic with predictive value for the recurrence of PDH after hypophysectomy. The results of this study demonstrate that ACTH, cortisol, α-MSH, and GH are secreted in a pulsatile fashion in dogs with PDH. Hypophysectomy effectively reduces the secretion of ACTH and cortisol. The presence of ACTH pulses after hypophysectomy is a risk factor for the recurrence of hyperadrenocorticism.

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Antidepressant‐like effects of quercetin in diabetic rats are independent of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis

Acta Neuropsychiatrica ◽

10.1017/neu.2015.45 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 23-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Enver Ahmet Demir ◽

Hasan Serdar Gergerlioglu ◽

Mehmet Oz

Keyword(s):

Hpa Axis ◽

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽

Experimental Diabetes ◽

Forced Swim Test ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽

Swim Test ◽

The Family ◽

Pituitary Adrenal Axis

ObjectiveQuercetin, one of the most potent flavonol in the family of flavonoids, has been shown to have benefits against diabetes and its complications. In the present study, we investigated effects of quercetin on depression-like behaviours and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis in diabetic rats.MethodsExperimental diabetes was induced by using streptozotocin, and either 50 or 100 mg/kg quercetin was intraperitoneally administered for 21 days. Following the last treatment, animals were subjected to the forced swim test, and subsequently, the blood was obtained by cardiac puncture to measure plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) levels.ResultsA significant increase of the total immobile time, accompanied by a decrease in the immobility latency, which suggests a depressive status, was observed in diabetic animals that was reversed by the treatment of 50 mg/kg quercetin. However, the higher dose of quercetin (100 mg/kg) was ineffective in alleviating depression-like behaviours. The plasma concentrations of ACTH, and total- and free-CORT were not affected by both doses of quercetin.ConclusionTherefore, we concluded that the antidepressant-like effects of quercetin in diabetes are independent of the HPA axis.

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Behavioural and hormonal responses of pigs during transport: effect of mixing and duration of journey

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1357729800015095 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 547-554 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

R. H. Bradshaw ◽

R. F. Parrott ◽

J. A. Goode ◽

D. M. Lloyd ◽

R. G. Rodway ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Jugular Vein ◽

Activity Index ◽

Social Groups ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

General Activity ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Mixed Condition ◽

Hormonal Responses ◽

Beta Endorphin ◽

Transport Effect

AbstractTwo experiments investigated the welfare of pigs during transport. In experiment 1, 12 groups offour 90-kg pigs were transported to slaughter in a commercial livestock lorry for 1·5 h. Half the animals were transported in their social groups (unmixed condition) and half were transported with groups of previously unfamiliar pigs mixed together (mixed condition). Behaviour was recorded, a general activity index scored and saliva samples taken at different stages of the journey for analysis ofcortisol. Pigs spent most of their time standing in both conditions. The journey was very rough (as revealed by characterization with an accelerometer) and in the unmixed condition the pigs appeared to stand to reduce travel sickness. In contrast, in the mixed condition, this preference for standing seemed to be due to fighting which stressed and exhausted the animals (the general activity index was three times the unmixed condition). Levels of salivary cortisol were higher in the mixed condition at the beginning, middle and end of the journey. In experiment 2, six 35-kg pigs, prepared in advance with jugular vein catheters, were loaded onto a commercial livestock lorry (09.30 h) where they were individually penned. The vehicle remained stationary with the engine off and blood samples were taken at 30-min intervals during the next 8 h (control). Two days later this procedure was repeated while the vehicle was driven for 8 h (on main roads and motorways). Plasma concentrations of cortisol and beta-endorphin increased markedly in both conditions immediately after loading. Cortisol levels were greater (relative to control) at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of the journey. Concentrations of beta-endorphin did not differ between control and experimental conditions except during the final 180 min of the journey when the control levels were higher.

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Effects of continuous intravenous infusion of an ovine placental extract enriched in placental lactogen on plasma hormones, metabolites and metabolite biokinetics in non-pregnant sheep

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.1130277 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 113 (2) ◽

pp. 277-283 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

G. Thordarson ◽

G. H. McDowell ◽

S. V. Smith ◽

S. Iley ◽

I. A. Forsyth

Keyword(s):

Jugular Vein ◽

Control Period ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Placental Lactogen ◽

Saline Control ◽

Irreversible Loss ◽

Esterified Fatty Acids ◽

Pregnant Sheep ◽

Plasma Hormones ◽

Placental Extract

ABSTRACT Continuous intravenous infusions of saline or of a placental extract containing ovine placental lactogen were given to three non-pregnant, non-lactating ewes over periods of 36 h, 1 week apart. During saline infusion no placental lactogen was detected in jugular vein plasma, but infusion of the placental extract raised the placental lactogen concentration from undetectable to 40-50 μg/l, similar to concentrations in ewes with one fetus on day 90 of pregnancy. By comparison with the saline control period, infusion of the placental extract consistently increased both plasma concentrations and irreversible loss of non-esterified fatty acids. Plasma concentrations of glucose and urea, but not irreversible loss of these metabolites, were consistently increased. Although the placental extract was not subjected to extensive purification, it was enriched in placental lactogen and contained no detectable contamination with insulin, prolactin or growth hormone. The results are suggestive of a role for placental lactogen in modifying metabolism and acting during pregnancy to provide nutrients for fetal metabolism. J. Endocr. (1987) 113, 277–283

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Multiple Cranial Nerve Palsies in a Pediatric Case of Lemierre’s Syndrome due to Streptococcus viridans

Case Reports in Neurological Medicine ◽

10.1155/2021/4455789 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Samantha Novotny ◽

Kenneth Serrano ◽

Danielle Bazer ◽

Louis Manganas

Keyword(s):

Cavernous Sinus ◽

Jugular Vein ◽

Sinus Thrombosis ◽

Streptococcus Viridans ◽

Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis ◽

Lemierre’S Syndrome ◽

Jugular Vein Thrombosis ◽

Vein Thrombosis ◽

Internal Jugular Vein Thrombosis ◽

Lemierre's Syndrome

Background. Lemierre’s syndrome is a rare condition of internal jugular vein thrombosis following oropharyngeal infection. While it usually results from Fusobacterium necrophorum infection, atypical cases associated with other pathogens have been reported. Objective. To describe a unique case of pediatric Lemierre’s syndrome with Streptococcus viridans infection resulting in cavernous sinus thrombosis and oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerve palsies. Case Report. A 14-year-old female initially presented after six days of fever, myalgias, and sore throat and was admitted for hyperbilirubinemia and acute kidney injury. She developed a fixed, dilated pupil with complete ophthalmoplegia, ptosis, and severe pain. Imaging revealed retromandibular space abscess, external and internal jugular vein thrombosis, cavernous sinus thrombosis, internal carotid artery stenosis, pulmonary embolism, and bilateral pneumonia. She was diagnosed with Lemierre’s syndrome with cultures positive for Streptococcus viridans and treated with a combination of antibiotics and anticoagulation. Conclusion and Relevance. Both antibiotics and anticoagulation were effective management for this Lemierre’s syndrome patient with cavernous sinus thrombosis. Early diagnosis and treatment of Lemierre’s syndrome is essential. A multidisciplinary treatment team is beneficial for managing the sequelae of this condition.

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Facial Vein Catheterization for Transvenous Embolization of the Cavernous Sinus

Interventional Neuroradiology ◽

10.1177/159101990601200105 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 25-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M.N. Karygiannis ◽

Z. Szatmary ◽

P.A. Claudino ◽

E. Houdart

Keyword(s):

Venous Thrombosis ◽

Cavernous Sinus ◽

Jugular Vein ◽

Transvenous Embolization ◽

Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽

Vein Access ◽

Facial Vein ◽

Cervical Approach ◽

Guiding Catheter ◽

Vein Catheterization

We describe three cases of transvenous embolization of arteriovenous fistulas of the cavernous sinus, achieved through the facial vein approach. The facial vein was catheterized from a jugular vein access. This cervical approach offered good stability to the guiding catheter that permitted us to negotiate difficult curves of the facial vein and to recanalize venous thrombosis in one case.

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