Survey of antimicrobial susceptibility testing practices of veterinary diagnostic laboratories in the United States

2003 ◽  
Vol 222 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew B. Brooks ◽  
Paul S. Morley ◽  
David A. Dargatz ◽  
Doreene R. Hyatt ◽  
M. D. Salman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Testing Practices

scholarly journals A survey of methods used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing in veterinary diagnostic laboratories in the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 669-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Dargatz ◽  
Matthew M. Erdman ◽  
Beth Harris
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
The United States ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution

Antimicrobial resistance is a serious threat to animal and human health worldwide, requiring a collaborative, holistic approach. The U.S. Government has developed a national strategy to address antimicrobial resistance, with one component being to monitor antimicrobial resistance in agricultural settings. We developed a survey to collect information about antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) from the veterinary diagnostic laboratory community in the United States, assessing current practices and technologies and determining how AST information is shared. Of the 132 surveys administered, 52 (39%) were returned. Overall, responding laboratories conducted susceptibility tests on 98,788 bacterial isolates in 2014, with Escherichia coli being the most common pathogen tested across all animal species. The 2 most common AST methods employed were the disk diffusion method (71%) and the Sensititre platform broth microdilution system (59%). Laboratories primarily used the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) VET-01 standard (69%) and the automatically calculated interpretations provided by the commercial AST systems (61%) for interpreting their AST data. Only 22% of laboratories published AST data on a periodic basis, usually via annual reports published on the laboratory’s website or through peer-reviewed journals for specific pathogens. Our results confirm that disk diffusion and broth microdilution remain the standard AST methods employed by U.S. veterinary diagnostic laboratories, and that CLSI standards are commonly used for interpreting AST results. This information will help determine the most efficient standardized methodology for future surveillance. Furthermore, the current infrastructure within laboratories, once harmonized, will help provide a mechanism for conducting national surveillance programs.

scholarly journals IMP-27, a Unique Metallo-β-Lactamase Identified in Geographically Distinct Isolates of Proteus mirabilis

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 6418-6421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyssa Dixon ◽  
Randal C. Fowler ◽  
A. Yoshizumi ◽  
Tsukasa Horiyama ◽  
Y. Ishii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Gene Cassette ◽  
The United States ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lactamase Gene

ABSTRACTA novel metallo-β-lactamase gene,blaIMP-27, was identified in unrelatedProteus mirabilisisolates from two geographically distinct locations in the United States. Both isolates harborblaIMP-27as part of the first gene cassette in a class 2 integron. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing indicated susceptibility to aztreonam, piperacillin-tazobactam, and ceftazidime but resistance to ertapenem. However, hydrolysis assays indicated that ceftazidime was a substrate for IMP-27.

scholarly journals Polymyxin Susceptibility Testing and Interpretive Breakpoints: Recommendations from the United States Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (USCAST)

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason M. Pogue ◽  
Ronald N. Jones ◽  
John S. Bradley ◽  
David R. Andes ◽  
Sujata M. Bhavnani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
The United States ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Testing Strategies ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACT The polymyxins are important agents for carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli. The United States Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing breakpoint recommendations for colistin and polymyxin B are that isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Enterobacteriaceae are considered susceptible at MIC values of ≤2 mg/liter. These recommendations are contingent upon dosing and testing strategies that are described in this commentary. Importantly, these recommendations are not applicable to lower respiratory tract infections, for which we recommend no breakpoints. Furthermore, there is no breakpoint recommendation for polymyxin B for lower urinary tract infections.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and implications for epidemiology and therapy.

1993 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Fekete
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
In Vitro Tests

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of Neisseria gonorrhoeae has been under development since the early days of antimicrobial agents. However, it is rarely applied to clinical isolates today. The history of the various in vitro tests to determine the susceptibility of N. gonorrhoeae to antibiotics is rich with evidence that these results predict response to therapy for almost all agents tested. Further, AST is a useful and important aspect of strain characterization and disease epidemiology in conjunction with the more specific but laborious techniques of auxotyping, serotyping, and plasmid analysis. Current technology has overcome many of the objections to AST for N. gonorrhoeae with standardization of test media and the development of an accurate disk diffusion AST method that is suited to most clinical laboratories regardless of volume or level of technical expertise. Ironically, the very low level of resistance to the current primary treatment strategy in the United States, ceftriaxone or another potent cephalosporin, makes the use of AST somewhat superfluous.

scholarly journals The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Subcommittee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: Background, Organization, Functions, and Processes

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvin P. Weinstein ◽  
James S. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Performance Standards ◽  
The United States ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Standards And Guidelines ◽  
Financial Dependency ◽  
Operational Processes

ABSTRACT The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) Subcommittee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST SC) is a volunteer-led, multidisciplinary consensus body that develops and publishes standards and guidelines (among other products) for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) methods and results interpretation in the United States and internationally. The Subcommittee (SC) meets face-to-face twice yearly, and its working groups (WGs) are active throughout the year via teleconferences. All meetings are open to the public. Participants include clinical microbiologists, infectious disease (ID) pharmacists, and infectious disease physicians representing the health care professions, government, and industry. Individuals who work for a company with a primary financial dependency on drug sales cannot serve as voting members, and well-defined conflict of interest polices are in place. In addition to developing and updating susceptibility breakpoints, the SC develops and validates new testing methods, provides guidance on how results should be interpreted and applied, sets quality control ranges, and educates users through seminars, symposia, and webinars. Based on its work, the SC publishes print and electronic standards and guidelines, including an annual update, the Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (M100). This commentary will describe the background, organization, functions, and operational processes of the AST SC.

scholarly journals First Detection of CTX-M and SHV Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Isolates from Dogs and Cats in the United States

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 3489-3492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra O'Keefe ◽  
Tabitha A. Hutton ◽  
Dieter M. Schifferli ◽  
Shelley C. Rankin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
M 14

ABSTRACT One hundred fifty canine and feline Escherichia coli isolates associated with urinary tract infections were screened for the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes. Out of 60 isolates suspected to be ESBL positive based on antimicrobial susceptibility testing, 11 ESBLs were identified, including one SHV-12 gene, one CTX-M-14 gene, and nine CTX-M-15 genes. This study provides the first report of CTX-M- and SHV-type ESBLs in dogs and cats in the United States.

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