Relationship of in vitro minimum inhibitory concentrations of tilmicosin againstMannheimia haemolyticaandPasteurella multocidaand in vivo tilmicosin treatment outcome among calves with signs of bovine respiratory disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 239 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. McClary ◽  
Guy H. Loneragan ◽  
Thomas R. Shryock ◽  
Brandon L. Carter ◽  
Carl A. Guthrie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Relationship Of

In vivo Evaluation and Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment Outcome of siRNA Loaded Dual Targeting Drug Delivery System

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi Zhang ◽  
Zhichun Gu ◽  
Long Shen ◽  
Xianyan Liu ◽  
Houwen Lin
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Sirna Delivery ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation

Background: To deliver drugs to treat Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), nanoparticles should firstly penetrate through blood brain barrier, and then target neurons. Methods: Recently, we developed an Apo A-I and NL4 dual modified nanoparticle (ANNP) to deliver beta-amyloid converting enzyme 1 (BACE1) siRNA. Although promising in vitro results were obtained, the in vivo performance was not clear. Therefore, in this study, we further evaluated the in vivo neuroprotective effect and toxicity of the ANNP/siRNA. The ANNP/siRNA was 80.6 nm with good stability when incubated with serum. In vivo, the treatment with ANNP/siRNA significantly improves the spatial learning and memory of APP/PS1 double transgenic mice, as determined by mean escape latency, times of crossing the platform area during the 60 s swimming and the percentage of the distance in the target quadrant. Results and Conclusion: After the treatment, BACE1 RNA level of ANNP/siRNA group was greatly reduced, which contributed a good AD treatment outcome. Finally, after repeated administration, the ANNP/siRNA did not lead to significant change as observed by HE staining of main organs, suggesting the good biocompatibility of ANNP/siRNA. These results demonstrated that the ANNP was a good candidate for AD targeting siRNA delivery.

scholarly journals Importance and Antimicrobial Resistance of Mycoplasma bovis in Clinical Respiratory Disease in Feedlot Calves

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1470
Author(s):  
Ana García-Galán ◽  
Juan Seva ◽  
Ángel Gómez-Martín ◽  
Joaquín Ortega ◽  
Francisco Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Feedlot Calves ◽  
Fixed Panel

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is an important viral and/or bacterial disease that mainly affects feedlot calves. The involvement of Mycoplasma bovis in BRD can lead to chronic pneumonia poorly responsive to antimicrobial treatment. Caseonecrotic bronchopneumonia is a pulmonary lesion typically associated with M. bovis. In Spain, M. bovis is widely distributed in the feedlots and circulating isolates are resistant to most antimicrobials in vitro. However, the role of this species in clinical respiratory disease of feedlot calves remains unknown. Furthermore, available data are relative to a fixed panel of antimicrobials commonly used to treat BRD, but not to the specific set of antimicrobials that have been used for treating each animal. This study examined 23 feedlot calves raised in southeast Spain (2016–2019) with clinical signs of respiratory disease unresponsive to treatment. The presence of M. bovis was investigated through bacteriology (culture and subsequent PCR), histopathology and immunohistochemistry. The pathogen was found in 86.9% (20/23) of the calves, mainly in the lungs (78.26%; 18/23). Immunohistochemistry revealed M. bovis antigens in 73.9% (17/23) of the calves in which caseonecrotic bronchopneumonia was the most frequent lesion (16/17). Minimum inhibitory concentration assays confirmed the resistance of a selection of 12 isolates to most of the antimicrobials specifically used for treating the animals in vivo. These results stress the importance of M. bovis in the BRD affecting feedlot calves in Spain.

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of structure-stability relationship of 111In- and 67Ga-labeled antibody via 1B4M or C-NOTA chelates

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaetae Lee ◽  
Kayhan Garmestani ◽  
Chuanchu Wu ◽  
Martin W. Brechbiel ◽  
Hye K. Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structure Stability ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Relationship Of

scholarly journals SIMILARITY OF THE KINETICS OF INVERTASE ACTION IN VIVO AND IN VITRO. II

1932 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Wilkes ◽  
Elizabeth T. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Outer Region ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Intracellular Enzyme ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Kinetics Of

1. The pH-activity relationship of invertase has been studied in vivo and in vitro under identical external environmental conditions. 2. The effect of changing (H+) upon the sucroclastic activity of living cells of S. cerevisiae and of invertase solutions obtained therefrom has been found, within experimental error, to be identical. 3. The region of living yeast cells in which invertase exerts its physiological activity changes its pH freely and to the same extent as that of the suspending medium. It is suggested that this may indicate that this intracellular enzyme may perform its work somewhere in the outer region of the cell. 4. In using live cells containing maltase, no evidence of increased sucroclastic activity around pH 6.9, due to the action of Weidenhagen's α-glucosidase (maltase), was found.

Adrenocortical function in aging exercise-trained rats

1977 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 839-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Severson ◽  
R. D. Fell ◽  
J. G. Tuig ◽  
D. R. Griffith
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Adrenocortical Function ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Corticosterone Concentration ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Plasma corticosterone concentrations and in vitro adrenal secretion of corticosterone were determined in exercise-trained rats. Rats, 100, 200, and 300 days of age, were trained for a 10-wk period by treadmill running. Following the training program, rats were subjected to an acute bout of swimming. Acute swimming elevated plasma corticosterone concentrations in all age groups. At 170 days of age, the plasma corticosterone concentration following swimming was higher in exercise-trained rats than in controls. The opposite was true of acutely swum rats at 270 and 370 days of age. Acute swimming elevated the in vitro adrenal gland response to adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation in control rats at all ages and in trained rats at 170 days of age. The in vivo relationship of epinephrine and the pituitary adrenal system is suggested as a mechanism which could have caused this response. The relationship of secretion rates to plasma corticosterone concentrations indicated that extra-adrenal mechanisms, such as decreased turnover, were also responsible for the elevated plasma corticosterone levels observed in response to acute swimming.

scholarly journals The mutual relationship between the two molecular forms of the major fibrinolysis inhibitor alpha-2-antiplasmin in blood

Blood ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 616-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Kluft ◽  
P Los ◽  
AF Jie ◽  
VW van Hinsbergh ◽  
E Vellenga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Cell Line ◽  
Molecular Forms ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Mutual Relationship ◽  
Congenital Deficiency ◽  
Fibrinolysis Inhibitor ◽  
Streptokinase Therapy ◽  
Relationship Of

Alpha-2-antiplasmin, a major inhibitor of fibrinolysis, is synthesized in the liver and occurs in blood in two molecular forms: a very active plasminogen-binding (PB) form and a less active nonplasminogen-binding (NPB) form. This study investigates the origin and mutual relationship of these two forms in vivo and in vitro. Despite wide variation in plasma concentration of the inhibitor (16% to 138%), the ratio between the two forms in vivo was found to be, in the main, constant among healthy volunteers, heterozygotes for a congenital deficiency of alpha- 2-antiplasmin, and patients with a stable liver cirrhosis: PB/NPB = 2.41 +/- 0.34 (SD). Resynthesis after depletion or increased synthesis in the acute-phase reaction showed a specific increase of the PB form of the molecule in blood after discontinuation of L-asparaginase or streptokinase therapy and after myocardial infarction. In vitro studies demonstrated that only the PB form was present after one day in the culture medium of the human cell line Hep G2, while the NPB form appeared after 11 days. Clearance after inhibition of synthesis by L- asparaginase therapy revealed a more rapid decrease in the PB form relative to the NPB form in blood, demonstrated by a change in the PB- NPB ratio from 2.86 +/- 0.55 to 1.74 +/- 0.24 (mean of 6, SD). An apparently spontaneous first order conversion from the PB to NPB form, with an apparent half-life of about eight days, was demonstrated at 37 degrees C in plasma and serum in vitro. The conversion was found to be temperature dependent and uninfluenced by the fibrinolytic components fibrinogen, fibrin, and plasminogen. Additions of a variety of enzymes or inhibitors did not interfere with the process. These results demonstrate that the PB form of alpha-2-antiplasmin is produced by the liver and that the NPB form is formed in the circulation.

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