Familiarity and Environmental Representations of a City: A Self-Report Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 309-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Piccardi ◽  
M. Risetti ◽  
R. Nori
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Sense Of Direction ◽  
Topographical Orientation

“Sense of direction” is usually assessed by self-report. Several internal factors contribute to proficiency in navigation: spatial cognitive style, respondent's sex, and familiarity with the environment; however, questionnaires assessing sense of direction do not include all these factors. In a recent study, Nori and Piccardi reported that environmental familiarity was crucial for topographical orientation. Regardless of a person's spatial cognitive style (i.e., landmark, route, or survey), the greater their familiarity with the environment, the better their performance. In this study, a questionnaire was used, the Familiarity and Spatial Cognitive Style Scale, to measure 208 women's sense of direction and knowledge of their city of residence. Analysis showed that Spatial Cognitive Style predicted sense of direction but not town knowledge. By contrast, familiarity played a crucial role in both areas, confirming the importance of having a tool to assess this factor.

scholarly journals Reporting on one's behavior: a survey experiment on the nonvalidity of self-reported COVID-19 hygiene-relevant routine behaviors

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Pelle Guldborg Hansen ◽  
Erik Gahner Larsen ◽  
Caroline Drøgemüller Gundersen
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Test Validity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Systematic Bias ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Policy Decisions ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Self Reports

Abstract Surveys based on self-reported hygiene-relevant routine behaviors have played a crucial role in policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. In this article, using anchoring to test validity in a randomized controlled survey experiment during the COVID-19 pandemic, we demonstrate that asking people to self-report on the frequency of routine behaviors are prone to significant measurement error and systematic bias. Specifically, we find that participants across age, gender, and political allegiance report higher (lower) frequencies of COVID-19-relevant behaviors when provided with a higher (lower) anchor. The results confirm that such self-reports should not be regarded as behavioral data and should primarily be used to inform policy decisions if better alternatives are not available. To this end, we discuss the use of anchoring as a validity test relative to self-reported behaviors as well as viable alternatives to self-reports when seeking to behaviorally inform policy decisions.

scholarly journals Improving students’ motivation and collaborative skills through Remap Jigsaw learning combined with modelling activities

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Endah Indriwati ◽  
Herawati Susilo ◽  
I Made Surya Hermawan
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Lesson Study ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Biology Education ◽  
Learning Motivation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Collaborative Skills

Students’ motivation and their collaborative skills play a crucial role in determining the learning quality. The lower the motivation and collaborative skills the lower the learning quality. This lesson study-based classroom action research aimed at improving the students’ learning motivation and collaborative skills by implementing a Remap Jigsaw learning model. The subjects of this research were the fifth semester undergraduate students of Biology Education of Universitas Negeri Malang, who were taking the Basic Skills of Teaching course. The research was conducted in four cycles in which the each cycle consisted of two meetings. The instruments of data collection were the observation sheets and assessment sheets of students’ self-report. The data was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The results showed that students’ learning motivation increased from 66.25% in the cycle I to 84.37% in the cycle IV; while the students’ collaborative skills enhanced from 50% to 70.83% in the cycle IV. In the other words, the Remap Jigsaw combined with modelling activities can improve students’ motivation and their collaborative skills.

scholarly journals Social and labor stressors influencing disability in Adult Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitri M Abramov ◽  
Marjore Mastrellano Baruzzi ◽  
Renata Joviano Alvim ◽  
Ana Carolina Moda Nunes Peixoto ◽  
Victor de Souza Mannarino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a controversial issue. If ADH represents a mental disorder, it must be the cause of a primary dysfunctionality and maladaptation from childhood to adult life. We will look for evidence to substantiate this discussion. We conducted an online survey about economic and academic performances and maladaptation, following a screening for ADHD using Adult Self Report Scale (ASRS). The subjects were naive. There were 2173 participants, of which 28.06% were ADH(+). Even regarding only subjects with extreme ASRS scores (<1.0 and >2.5), ADH(+) and (-) groups did not shown difference in functionality. We grouped subjects by professional career. The highest ADH(+) prevalence was found in publicity, where almost no difference in subjective suffering between the groups was observed. Our results indicate that ADH(+) people can show equivalent functionality and adaptability than ADH(-) ones when they live in their preferred labor/social niches, arguing that ADHD can be a different cognitive style with dysfunctionality and mental suffering could be secondary to social stress.

Individual risky and protective factors influencing university new graduates’ career adaptability during COVID-19: A moderated mediation model

2021 ◽  
pp. 135910532110649
Author(s):  
Min He ◽  
Yongju Yu
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Sensitivity ◽  
Intolerance Of Uncertainty ◽  
Proactive Personality ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Career Adaptability ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
New Graduates ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model ◽  
Negative Effect

This study examined the characteristics of university new graduates’ career adaptability and the effects of individual internal factors during COVID-19. In January 2021, 1160 Chinese university new graduates completed self-report measures. Career adaptability was related to less intolerance of uncertainty and anxiety sensitivity and higher levels of proactive personality and resilience. Resilience mediated the relationships between intolerance of uncertainty, anxiety sensitivity, and career adaptability. Proactive personality buffered the negative effect of anxiety sensitivity on career adaptability. Implications for promoting career adaptability and alleviating the effects of intolerance of uncertainty and anxiety sensitivity in the COVID-19 epidemic and beyond are discussed.

The Relationship between Right–wing Attitudes and Cognitive Style: A Comparison of Self–report and Behavioural Measures of Rigidity and Intolerance of Ambiguity

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 523-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Van Hiel ◽  
Emma Onraet ◽  
Howard M Crowson ◽  
Arne Roets
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Style ◽  
European Association ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Total N ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Intolerance Of Ambiguity

Two recent meta–analytic studies addressing the relationship between cognitive style and right–wing attitudes yielded some discrepancies. We argue that these discrepancies can be accounted for when one considers the types of cognitive style measures included in those analyses. One of these analyses primarily relied on self–report measures, whereas the other relied on behavioural measures of cognitive style. Based on a new meta–analysis of 103 samples (total N = 12 714) focussing on behavioural and self–report measures of rigidity and intolerance of ambiguity, we confirmed the hypothesis that self–report scales yield stronger relationships with right–wing attitudes than behavioural measures. We point out potential conceptual and validity issues with both types of cognitive style measures and call for cautiousness when interpreting the magnitude of their relationships with ideology. Copyright © 2016 European Association of Personality Psychology

Identifying Invalid Responders in a Campus Climate Survey: Types, Impact on Data, and Best Indicators

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052091858
Author(s):  
Caihong R. Li ◽  
Diane R. Follingstad ◽  
Margaret I. Campe ◽  
Jaspreet K. Chahal
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Campus Climate ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Sensitive Material ◽  
Internal Factors

Self-report surveys that are online, lengthy, and contain sensitive material greatly increase the probability of invalid responding (IR) on the instrument. Most research to inform our identification of invalid responders have not been able to test their methodologies where all these conditions are present. This study systematically adopted 10 IR indicators based on direct, archival, and statistic strategies to identify IR providing answers on a lengthy survey collecting campus climate/violence information that college students ( N = 6,995) accessed online. Exploratory factor analysis indicated two internal factors (i.e., careless and extreme responding) underlying these IR indicators. Latent class analysis identified 4.8% of the sample as being invalid responders. Compared with honest responders, invalid responders were significantly more likely to report forms of victimization and a greater negative impact from physical abuse or sexual assault. Of importance, mean scores on victimization scales were significantly higher for invalid responders, illustrating the potential for IR data to skew prevalence rates. IR indicators differentially identified honest and invalid responders. The findings of this study contribute to the systematic investigation of IR with college students completing online and lengthy surveys that address sensitive material.

scholarly journals Reasoning supports utilitarian resolutions to moral dilemmas across diverse measures

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indrajeet Patil ◽  
Micaela Maria Zucchelli ◽  
Wouter Kool ◽  
Stephanie Campbell ◽  
Federico fFornasier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Moral Dilemmas ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Behavioral Performance ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Moral Decision Making ◽  
Reasoning Abilities ◽  
Greater Good

Sacrificial moral dilemmas elicit a strong conflict between the motive not to personally harm someone and the competing motive to achieving the greater good, which is often described as the “utilitarian” response. Some prior research suggests that reasoning abilities and deliberative cognitive style are associated with endorsement of utilitarian solutions but, as has more recently been emphasized, both conceptual and methodological issues leave open the possibility that utilitarian responses are due instead to reduced emotional response to harm. Across eight studies, using self-report, behavioral performance, and neuroanatomical measures, we show that individual differences in reasoning ability and cognitive style of thinking are positively associated with a preference for utilitarian solutions, but bear no relationship to harm-relevant concerns. These findings support the dual process model of moral decision making and highlight the utility of process dissociation methods.

Possible Relationship Between Sense of Coherence and Adolescents’ School Adaptation Through Empathy and Parenting: A Moderated Mediation Model

2020 ◽  
pp. 027243162096144
Author(s):  
Dou Jin ◽  
Yanling Bi ◽  
Miao Yan
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Moderated Mediation ◽  
Positive Parenting ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
School Adaptation ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model ◽  
The Relationship

Recent research has shown that internal factors are important predictors of adaptation, but little research has studied the relationship between a sense of coherence and school adaptation. The present study examined the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this relationship. A total of 1,072 middle students completed self-report questionnaires assessing their sense of coherence, fathers’ and mothers’ parenting, empathy, and school adaptation. The results indicated that a sense of coherence was positively associated with school adaptation. A mediation analysis indicated that empathy mediated the relationship between a sense of coherence and school adaptation. Furthermore, both the effect of a sense of coherence on school adaptation and the effect of a sense of coherence on empathy were moderated by positive parenting. The present study contributes to a better understanding of how and when a sense of coherence promotes adolescents’ school adaptation.

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