Acquisition of a Same-Different Discrimination Task by Pigeons (Columba Livia)

2012 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-262
Author(s):  
Hiromitsu Miyata ◽  
Kazuo Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Individual Variation ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chance Level ◽  
Learning Criterion ◽  
Homing Pigeons ◽  
Considerable Individual Variation

Four homing pigeons were trained to discriminate two figures simultaneously presented on an LCD screen. The figure was either a rectangle (A) or a square (B), and four combinations of the two figures, AA, AB, BA, BB, appeared in a pseudo-randomized order. The pigeons' task was to peck one of these figures based upon whether the two figures were identical or not. One pigeon successfully learned this discrimination, with proportions of correct responses above 90% in two consecutive sessions. Of the other birds, two performed above chance level but had difficulty meeting a learning criterion of above 80% in two consecutive sessions. All birds achieved this criterion when the combinations of figures presented were reduced to two. Results suggested that learning the present same-different discrimination is within the capacity of pigeons to a certain extent, although there exists considerable individual variation in the pigeons' skills to acquire complex discrimination.

scholarly journals Group decisions and individual differences: route fidelity predicts flight leadership in homing pigeons ( Columba livia )

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Freeman ◽  
Richard Mann ◽  
Tim Guilford ◽  
Dora Biro
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Homing Pigeon ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Homing Pigeons ◽  
Collective Decisions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Leadership Decisions

How social-living animals make collective decisions is currently the subject of intense scientific interest, with increasing focus on the role of individual variation within the group. Previously, we demonstrated that during paired flight in homing pigeons, a fully transitive leadership hierarchy emerges as birds are forced to choose between their own and their partner's habitual routes. This stable hierarchy suggests a role for individual differences mediating leadership decisions within homing pigeon pairs. What these differences are, however, has remained elusive. Using novel quantitative techniques to analyse habitual route structure, we show here that leadership can be predicted from prior route-following fidelity. Birds that are more faithful to their own route when homing alone are more likely to emerge as leaders when homing socially. We discuss how this fidelity may relate to the leadership phenomenon, and propose that leadership may emerge from the interplay between individual route confidence and the dynamics of paired flight.

Attachment security and narrative elaboration

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 398-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allyssa McCabe ◽  
Carole Peterson ◽  
Dianne M. Connors
Keyword(s):  
Individual Variation ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Attachment Security ◽  
Past Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
Secure Base ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Personal Experience Narratives ◽  
Considerable Individual Variation ◽  
Q Sort

A key means of getting to know someone is through the sharing of personal experience narratives, an ability that shows considerable individual variation. Past research has documented a relationship between narration in conversations between children and their mothers and attachment security. However, children's narrative contributions are often embedded in an ongoing conversation which may be structured differently by mothers who also have assessed the extent to which their children use them as a secure base. In the present project, these two measurements were independent. Children's narration to an attentive, but non-scaffolding, stranger was investigated to see whether that, too, would correlate with security as assessed by mothers. Participants were 32 4-year-old children and their mothers. The security of children's attachment to their mother was assessed using the revised parent-reported 90-item Q-Sort and correlated with two measures of narration. One was simple length in words of the three longest narratives told to a friendly stranger, and the other was a composite formed from specific scored narrative variables. Both narrative measures were significantly correlated with attachment security, even after partialling out the effects of gender, age, and receptive vocabulary.These results suggest that securely-attached children have internalized the inclination to disclose themselves by means of relating narratives of some length and have begun to generalize this to adults outside their family.

Intra-individual variation in adults and children: measuring and conceptualizing individual dialect–standard repertoires

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (s2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irmtraud Kaiser ◽  
Andrea Ender
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Standard Language ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
Standard Spectrum ◽  
Speech Data ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual

Abstract This paper explores intra-individual variation as a manifestation of language-internal multilingualism in the Central-Bavarian Austrian context. Based on speech data from children and adults in different contexts, we discuss different methods of measuring and analyzing inter-situational variation along the dialect and standard language spectrum. By contrasting measures of dialectality, on the one hand, and proportions of turns in dialect, standard language or intermediate/mixed forms on the other, we gain complementary insights not only into the individual dialect-standard repertoires but also into the consequences of different methodological choices. The results indicate that intra-individual variation is ubiquitous in adults and children and that individual repertoires need to be taken into account from the beginning of the language acquisition process. We suggest that while intra-individual variation can be attested through the use of various methods, the revealed level of granularity and the conclusions that can be drawn as to the individual repertoires on the dialect-standard spectrum largely depend on the measures used and their inherent assumptions and intrinsically necessary categorizations.

Short distance phase shifts revisited: tracking clock-shifted homing pigeons (Rock Dove Columba livia) close to the loft

Ibis ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD HOLLAND ◽  
FRANSISCO BONADONNA ◽  
LUIGI DALL'ANTONIA ◽  
SILVANO BENVENUTI ◽  
THERESA BURT DE PERERA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Distance ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Phase Shifts ◽  
Homing Pigeons

scholarly journals Age effects on the development of stimulus over-selectivity are mediated by cognitive flexibility and selective attention

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Michelle P. Kelly ◽  
Phil Reed
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Visual Discrimination ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distractor Task ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Cognitive Variables ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Developmental Trends

Stimulus over-selectivity is said to have occurred when only a limited subset of the total number of stimuli present during discrimination learning controls behavior, thus, restricting learning about the range, breadth, or all features of a stimulus. The current study investigated over-selectivity of 100 typically developing children, aged 3–7 (mean = 65.50 ± 17.31 SD months), using a visual discrimination task. Developmental trends in over-selectivity and their relationship to some cognitive variables (i.e., selective attention, sustained attention, and cognitive flexibility) were the target. Over-selectivity decreased with age, but this effect was mediated by the development of cognitive flexibility. Over-selectivity increased when a distractor task was introduced, which was not mediated by the other cognitive variables under investigation. The current results assist in the establishment of the theoretical underpinnings of over-selectivity by offering evidence of its underlying determinants and relating these to developmental trends.

scholarly journals Behavioural traits of individual homing pigeons, Columba livia f. domestica, in their homing flights

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. e0201291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingo Schiffner ◽  
Patrick Fuhrmann ◽  
Juliane Reimann ◽  
Roswitha Wiltschko
Keyword(s):  
Columba Livia ◽  
Homing Pigeons

Overall dynamic body acceleration as an indicator of dominance in Homing Pigeons ( Columba livia)

Ibis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhianna L. Ricketts ◽  
Daniel W. E. Sankey ◽  
Bryce P. Tidswell ◽  
Joshua Brown ◽  
Joseph F. Deegan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Columba Livia ◽  
Homing Pigeons ◽  
Body Acceleration ◽  
Overall Dynamic Body Acceleration

The Regeneration of Legs in Rhodnius Prolixus (Hemiptera)

1948 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-343
Author(s):  
MARTIN LÜSCHER
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Coefficient ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Rhodnius Prolixus ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Nymphal Instar ◽  
Regenerative Capacity ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Considerable Individual Variation ◽  
Distal Direction ◽  
Regeneration Processes

1. Partial regeneration of the legs is possible in Rhodnius prolixus. 2. The regeneration potencies appear at the level of the femur-tibia joint and increase gradually in a distal direction. 3. Regeneration usually ceases after the fourth post-amputation moult. 4. No striking differences in regenerative capacity can be detected either in the different legs on one nymphal instar or in the legs of different nymphal instars. There is, however, considerable individual variation. 5. Regeneration is dependent on the time which elapses between the amputation and the next moult. 6. The regeneration processes have a higher temperature coefficient than the moulting processes. 7. A conception of two limiting factors is briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Reconstruction of the enigmatic Late Cambrian Climactichnites

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 321-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.L. Yochelson ◽  
M. Parrish
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Loose Sand ◽  
Desiccation Cracks ◽  
Late Cambrian ◽  
Anterior Flap ◽  
Considerable Individual Variation ◽  
Early Late

Climactichnites Logan, 1860, is known only from its large trail up to 20 cm in width, a trace superficially resembling a rope ladder. Prominent lateral ridges are parallel throughout the length of the trail; they may be smooth and hemispherical in cross-section or crenulated, much like a pie crust. Between these ridges is a series of raised dune-like bars and furrows dug into the substrate. The bars and furrows show considerable individual variation between trails and also variation along a trail. Ovoid impressions are known which occur at the start of trails. The posterior of these impressions is well rounded; the anterior is triangular, and for a short distance from the impression, the trail is developed on only one side. One exceptionally preserved impression shows curved, closely spaced, fine lines parallel to the posterior.The trails are found only in sandstone, and where they are present, they are abundant. Slightly equivocable evidence indicates a Dresbachian (early Late Cambrian) age for the occurrences in New York, Missouri, and Wisconsin; trails in Ontario and Quebec are less certainly dated. Desiccation cracks and air escape hole suggest that the trail was fully exposed to the atmosphere.From this data, a large number of sketches were made to reconstruct an animal able to make such a trail. Each attempt produced new speculation on the morphology. In the final rendition, the animal is bilaterally symmetrical, broad and low. The integument is tough, and the sole bears a subcentral mouth anteriorward. Lateral flaps scraped and compressed damp sand to make the parallel ridges. The anterior was strongly musculated and thin. This anterior flap grasped the sediment, alternating on either side of the animal to pull the form forward when the lateral flaps were relaxed. Curved rows of cilia on the posterior moved loose sand into dunes between the furrows formed by the anterior flaps.This reconstruction is like that of no other animal known in the Vendian or the Phanerozoic.

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