Effects of Brief Sensory Deprivation and Somatic Concentration on Two Measures of Field Dependence

1970 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
George D. Kurie ◽  
Arnold M. Mordkoff
Keyword(s):  
Field Dependence ◽  
Sensory Deprivation ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Concentration Condition ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

An experiment was performed to substantiate the indirect evidence that brief sensory deprivation (SD) has different effects on two measures of field dependence, the rod-and-frame test (RFT) and the embedded-figures test (EFT) and specifically to investigate whether it is the increased awareness of somatic activity which is involved in the more veridical RFT performance while having no effect on EFT. The RFT and EFT were administered to three groups of Ss before and after one group had been submitted to 1 hr. of SD, a second group to 1 hr. of somatic concentration, and a third to a control period. The results supported the above hypothesis in that the greatest changes in RFT performance occurred in the somatic concentration condition which were significantly greater than those obtained in the SD condition, these in turn were significantly greater than those occurring in the control condition. No significant effects were obtained with respect to the EFT.

Strength of Association between Sex and Field Dependence

1978 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary J. Allen ◽  
Mary E. Cholet
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Strength Of Association ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

An index of the strength of association between sex and each of two measures of field dependence, the Rod and Frame Test and Embedded Figures Test, was calculated based upon reported significant sex differences on these measures. Median ω 2 values based upon 20 rod-and-frame results and 18 embedded-figures results are .11 for the former and .12 for the latter. It appears that gender accounts for less than 15% of the variance in field-dependence scores.

Field Dependence and Facial Recognition

1977 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curt Hoffman ◽  
Spencer Kagan
Keyword(s):  
Field Dependence ◽  
Facial Recognition ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Human Faces ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

29 male and 28 female undergraduates were administered two measures of Witkin's field-dependence dimension—the Portable Rod-and-frame Test and the Group Embedded-figures Test—and a test of facial recognition. Field-independent males were significantly more accurate in the recognition of photographed human faces than field-dependent males. Field-independent females were also more accurate than field-dependent females, although the relation was nonsignificant. While it has often been claimed that field-dependent individuals remember faces better, the results of the present study, as well as others which have examined this relationship, support the opposite conclusion.

Spanish Children's Scores on Children's Embedded Figures and Rod and Frame Tests

1993 ◽  
Vol 76 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1259-1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Antonio Amador-Campos ◽  
Teresa Kirchner-Nebot
Keyword(s):  
Field Dependence ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
Measure Field ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

The Children's Embedded Figures Test and the Rod and Frame Test were administered to 179 boys and 110 girls of an average age of 9.03 years to measure field dependence-independence. No significant gender-related differences were found on either test. Scores on these tests were moderately and significantly correlated.

Validation of a Children's Group Embedded Figures Test

1977 ◽  
Vol 44 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1259-1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlaine E. Lockheed ◽  
Abigail M. Harris ◽  
Meredith K. Stone ◽  
Mary Lee Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Field Dependence ◽  
Fourth Grade ◽  
Fifth Grade ◽  
Concurrent Validation ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
Body Concept ◽  
Group Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

This paper describes the development and concurrent validation of a group-administered measure of field dependence for children. Subjects were 34 girls and 39 boys in the fourth-grade, and 35 girls and 40 boys in the fifth-grade. This measure was correlated with the Articulation of Body Concept measure for fourth-grade girls ( r = —.42) and boys ( r = —.59), and for fifth-grade girls ( r = —.64) and boys ( r = —.46). It was also correlated with scores on the Portable Rod-and-Frame Test for girls ( r = —.51) and boys ( r = —.39) at the fourth-grade.

Assessment of Field Dependence in Young Children

1978 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideo Kojima
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Correlation Pattern ◽  
Spatial Concept ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
Measuring Field ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

In a series of exploratory studies to develop instruments for measuring field dependence in young children, a total of 312 Japanese middle-class children, ages 5 to 6, served as subjects. Without changing the essential nature of the original test, the geometric Embedded-figures test attained relatively high internal consistency (KR-20 in the .80's) and stability ( R = .83 to .52, at intervals of 1.5 to 13 mo.). Correlation pattern between the Embedded Figures Test and Wechsler subscales similar to that of older subjects was influenced by the speed factor in embedded figures and Wechsler performance scales. Correlation between Kato's portable Rod-and-frame test and embedded figures was significant only in boys. In addition, the correlation pattern between the rod and frame and the preschool Wechsler was not consistent with Witkin's conceptualization. A newly developed darkroom Rod-and-Frame Test correlated with embedded figures for both sexes. Additional analyses indicated the need for more refined instructions to subjects regarding the concept of upright. Some children had more than one anchoring point for responding. Nyborg's scoring method and the relationship of Piagetian spatial concept to rod-and-frame performance are discussed.

Field-Dependence, Neuroticism, and Extraversion

1974 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 589-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Sell ◽  
Jane Johnson Duckworth
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Optimal Weights ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

A multiple regression analysis was used to predict Maudsley Personality Inventory extraversion scores from the rod-and-frame test, embedded-figures test, and Maudsley neuroticism scores of 66 undergraduate males. The results indicated that optimal weights of the neuroticism, embedded-figures, and rod-and-frame test upright scores contributed to prediction.

Perceptual Correlates of the Rod-and-Frame Test

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1055-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greta Adevai ◽  
Albert J. Silverman ◽  
W. Edward Mc Gough
Keyword(s):  
Field Dependence ◽  
Test Subject ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
Male College ◽  
Perceptual Mode ◽  
Mirror Tracing ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

A randomly selected group of 92 male college students were given a battery of 10 perceptual tests, most of which have been used to separate field-independents from field-dependents in earlier studies of relationships between perceptual mode and physiological response tendencies. Test scores were factor analyzed in an attempt to define the psychological domain measured. Four factors accounted for most of the test score variance; the embedded figures test, sharing much of its variance with quantitative-spatial IQ tests, was the test with least of its variance accounted for. The rod-and-frame test, core test for field-dependence, correlated best with mirror-tracing speed, mirror-tracing accuracy, and the embedded figures test and had small or moderate positive correlations with all of the other tests except letter discrimination, which showed little relationship to any other test. Subject-controlled rod-and-frame correlated highly with experimenter-controlled rod-and-frame, suggesting their interchangeability as measures of field-dependence. Ss with rod-and-frame errors of 1.5° or less did significantly better on the rest of the perceptual battery than Ss with errors of 8° or more The embedded-figures test and the Draw-A-Person test were especially divergent for the two extreme rod-and-frame groups, suggesting their efficacy as screening devices for extreme field-dependents and independents.

Field Dependence: Experimenters' Expectancy, Sex Difference or No Difference?

1989 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Munoz Peplin ◽  
Janet D. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Field Dependence ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Expectancy Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame ◽  
Expected Outcomes

The possibility that sex differences found in previous research on field dependence may have been due partly to experimenters' expectancy was investigated. Three pairs of naive student-experimenters received different information about expected outcomes for males and females on the Rod and Frame Test and the Embedded Figures Test. There was no evidence of an experimenters' expectancy effect, but there was also no significant difference in the performance of men and women on these two tests of field dependence.

Field Dependence and Susceptibility to the Poggendorff Illusion

1967 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 309-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Pressey
Keyword(s):  
Field Dependence ◽  
Poggendorff Illusion ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

30 women and 30 men were tested on the embedded-figures test, the rod-and-frame test, and the Poggendorff illusion. It was found that for men the Poggendorff illusion was significantly related both to the embedded-figures test and the rod-and-frame test. For women, the illusion was related only to performance on the embedded-figures test.

Portable Rod-and-Frame Test as a Measure of Cognitive Style in Kindergarten Children

1971 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 775-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert S. Dreyer ◽  
Cecily A. Dreyer ◽  
Edwin B. Nebelkopf
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Analytic Cognitive Style ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

Data on the relationship of a newly developed Portable Rod-and-frame Test to other measures of cognitive functioning are presented for 300 kindergarten children. A test-retest correlation of .96 was obtained over 1 mo. Sex differences were found on both the Portable Rod-and-frame Test and the Children's Embedded-figures Test. High correlations between these two measures were found for both boys (.61) and girls (.66), corroborating work done on global-analytic cognitive style with older age groups.

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