scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Hybrid Crowdsensing and Fixed Sensor Systems for Event Detection in Urban Environments

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 5880
Author(s):  
Matthias Hirth ◽  
Michael Seufert ◽  
Stanislav Lange ◽  
Markus Meixner ◽  
Phuoc Tran-Gia
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Systems ◽  
Event Detection ◽  
Detection Probability ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Environmental Sensor ◽  
The Given

Crowdsensing offers a cost-effective way to collect large amounts of environmental sensor data; however, the spatial distribution of crowdsensing sensors can hardly be influenced, as the participants carry the sensors, and, additionally, the quality of the crowdsensed data can vary significantly. Hybrid systems that use mobile users in conjunction with fixed sensors might help to overcome these limitations, as such systems allow assessing the quality of the submitted crowdsensed data and provide sensor values where no crowdsensing data are typically available. In this work, we first used a simulation study to analyze a simple crowdsensing system concerning the detection performance of spatial events to highlight the potential and limitations of a pure crowdsourcing system. The results indicate that even if only a small share of inhabitants participate in crowdsensing, events that have locations correlated with the population density can be easily and quickly detected using such a system. On the contrary, events with uniformly randomly distributed locations are much harder to detect using a simple crowdsensing-based approach. A second evaluation shows that hybrid systems improve the detection probability and time. Finally, we illustrate how to compute the minimum number of fixed sensors for the given detection time thresholds in our exemplary scenario.

Influence of Breastfeeding on The Early Aged Children’s Health and Ql Indicators

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Ararat Mardiyan ◽  
Siranush Ashot Mkrtchyan ◽  
Razmik Ashot Dunamalyan ◽  
Karine Hrant Simonyan ◽  
Hayk Vachagan Harutyunyan
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Year ◽  
Duration Of Breastfeeding ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Effective Public Health ◽  
The Given

Abstract Background: Promotion and coverage of breastfeeding are considered to be the cost-effective public health measures in terms of Healthcare System. The aim of the research is to assess an influence of breastfeeding on infants’ health and quality of life (QL) parameters.Methods: This observational prospective study included 1790 newborns selected from Yerevan State Medical University’s Polyclinics (“Mouratsan” (sample=746) and “Heratsi” ” (sample=1044)). Data collection took a period between January 2016 and December 2017. Evaluation of children’s quality of life was performed with the help of the validated and adapted QUALIN questionnaire. The data related to child’s health condition were collected from the “Child Development History” cards available at the polyclinics of the investigated area.Results: Among 1770 one year old children 1681 were ever breastfed, 1224 (69.1%) were exclusively breastfed up to 3 months, the median duration of breastfeeding was 6 -7 months, 45% ≥ 6 months, 15% ≥ 1 year. There is a significant difference between the QL scores of the ever breastfed and the never breastfed subgroups. Duration of the breastfeeding also have an influence on QL scores.Conclusions: The given study’s results confirm that breastfeeding among the early aged Armenian children is of great importance in their health, influencing on quality of life and morbidity rates.

QoS-Aware Stream Federation and Optimization Based on Service Composition

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-67
Author(s):  
Feng Gao ◽  
Muhammad Intizar Ali ◽  
Edward Curry ◽  
Alessandra Mileo
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Service Composition ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Optimal Service ◽  
Complex Events ◽  
System Robustness ◽  
Service Aggregation ◽  
Event Service

The proliferation of sensor devices and services along with the advances in event processing brings many new opportunities as well as challenges. It is now possible to provide, analyze and react upon real-time, complex events in urban environments. When existing event services do not provide such complex events directly, an event service composition maybe required. However, it is difficult to determine which event service candidates (or service compositions) best suit users' and applications' quality-of-service requirements. A sub-optimal service composition may lead to inaccurate event detection, lack of system robustness etc. In this paper, the authors address these issues by first providing a quality-of-service aggregation schema for complex event service compositions and then developing a genetic algorithm to efficiently create near-optimal event service compositions. The authors evaluate their approach with both real sensor data collected via Internet-of-Things services as well as synthesised datasets.

scholarly journals Develop a dynamic DBSCAN algorithm for solving initial parameter selection problem of the DBSCAN algorithm

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 1602
Author(s):  
Md. Zakir Hossain ◽  
Md. Jakirul Islam ◽  
Md. Waliur Rahman Miah ◽  
Jahid Hasan Rony ◽  
Momotaz Begum
Keyword(s):  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Clustering Algorithms ◽  
Cluster Radius ◽  
Dbscan Algorithm ◽  
Clustering Quality ◽  
Data Clusters ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
The Given ◽  
Clustering Problems

<p>The amount of data has been increasing exponentially in every sector such as banking securities, healthcare, education, manufacturing, consumer-trade, transportation, and energy. Most of these data are noise, different in shapes, and outliers. In such cases, it is challenging to find the desired data clusters using conventional clustering algorithms. DBSCAN is a popular clustering algorithm which is widely used for noisy, arbitrary shape, and outlier data. However, its performance highly depends on the proper selection of cluster radius <em>(Eps)</em> and the minimum number of points <em>(MinPts)</em> that are required for forming clusters for the given dataset. In the case of real-world clustering problems, it is a difficult task to select the exact value of Eps and <em>(MinPts)</em> to perform the clustering on unknown datasets. To address these, this paper proposes a dynamic DBSCAN algorithm that calculates the suitable value for <em>(Eps)</em> and <em>(MinPts)</em> dynamically by which the clustering quality of the given problem will be increased. This paper evaluates the performance of the dynamic DBSCAN algorithm over seven challenging datasets. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the dynamic DBSCAN algorithm over the well-known clustering algorithms.</p>

scholarly journals Comparative ride comfort analysis of in-service trams on extreme alignment configurations using smartphone-based sensing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ákos Vinkó
Keyword(s):  
Ride Comfort ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Ride Quality ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Infrastructure Monitoring ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Gnss Data ◽  
Service Vehicles

In this paper, a cost-effective method for monitoring and evaluating the tramway passenger comfort and ride quality are presented using motion sensor data of smartphone fitted to in-service vehicles. Running vehicles experience a broad spectrum of vibrations and oscillations that occur in response to excitation inputs of vehicle-track coupled dynamics. Android mobile platform-based acquisition software is developed (CAFat) for commercial use, and the data from smartphone built-in sensors such as accelerometer and gyroscope are processed by sensor fusion and are coupled with local and global positioning using GNSS data to identify sections with poor ride quality. Results are promising and demonstrate that poor ride quality can be accurately localized on a tramway network. The proposed method enables infrastructure monitoring done by conventional passenger cars and makes the possibility of comparing the ride quality of traditional old-designed and the modular multi-articulated in-service vehicles.

Prevalence of Anomalies in Real World Sensor Network Deployments

2015 ◽  
pp. 124-145
Author(s):  
Giovani Rimon Abuaitah ◽  
Bin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Network ◽  
Event Detection ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Detection Mechanism ◽  
Data Loggers ◽  
Pervasive Sensing ◽  
Secure Network

Sensor network deployments have enabled automated data collection at a finer granularity compared to human-centric sparse deployments of traditional telemetric data loggers. However, this fine granularity cannot be achieved in the presence of failing nodes, frequent network failures, and/or potentially malicious network behaviors. Moreover, given a perfect and secure network with long-lived sensor nodes, the collected sensor data should be fault-free to guarantee quality of reasoning. Unlike traditional devices, wireless sensor motes are resource-constrained battery-powered devices equipped with few on-board sensors which are susceptible to failures, and batteries cannot always be reliably recharged. Over the years, sensor network deployments have materialized a large number of monitoring and event-detection applications. Researchers and decision makers have observed several anomalous patterns ranging from functional failures to pervasive sensing faults in most of these deployments. In this chapter, we discuss a few of these deployments to emphasize the need for an anomaly detection mechanism.

scholarly journals Joint Placement and Device Association of UAV Base Stations in IoT Networks

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashfaq Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Awais ◽  
Tallha Akram ◽  
Selman Kulac ◽  
Musaed Alhussein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Low Complexity ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Efficient Scheme

Drone base stations (DBSs) have received significant research interest in recent years. They provide a flexible and cost-effective solution to improve the coverage, connectivity, quality of service (QoS), and energy efficiency of large-area Internet of Things (IoT) networks. However, as DBSs are costly and power-limited devices, they require an efficient scheme for their deployment in practical networks. This work proposes a realistic mathematical model for the joint optimization problem of DBS placement and IoT users’ assignment in a massive IoT network scenario. The optimization goal is to maximize the connectivity of IoT users by utilizing the minimum number of DBS, while satisfying practical network constraints. Such an optimization problem is NP-hard, and the optimal solution has a complexity exponential to the number of DBSs and IoT users in the network. Furthermore, this work also proposes a linearization scheme and a low-complexity heuristic to solve the problem in polynomial time. The simulations are performed for a number of network scenarios, and demonstrate that the proposed heuristic is numerically accurate and performs close to the optimal solution.

scholarly journals QoI-Aware DODAG Construction in RPL-Based Event Detection Wireless Sensor Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongliang Tian ◽  
Zhihong Qian ◽  
Xue Wang ◽  
Xiao Liang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Network Topology ◽  
Event Detection ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Noisy Environment ◽  
Quality Of Information ◽  
Neighbor List

LLNs are gradually attracting people’s attention for the feature of low energy consumption. RPL is specifically designed for LLNs to construct a high energy efficiency network topology. In the noisy environment, the packet loss rate of RPL-based WSN increases during data transmission. The DODAG constructed by RPL-based WSN increases in depth when communication is affected by noise. In this situation the data transmission in the network will consume more energy. In event detection WSNs, the appropriate network topology enables root to use less sensor data to fuse enough information to determine whether or not an event has occurred. In this paper, we will improve RPL in two ways to optimize topology and reduce energy consumption.(1)The neighbor list and the information of DIO sender’s parent of a node are used to construct a better DODAG in the noisy environment.(2)SPRT and the quality of information of the data are used in the event detecting process for saving energy consumption. Simulation results show that, compared with the original RPL, QoI-aware RPL can reduce the energy consumption by collecting the same quality of information with less data transmission.

Professional dilemmas for caregivers in Turkish home care settings in Germany

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Basche
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Migrant Communities ◽  
Caregiver Relationship ◽  
International Nursing ◽  
Nursing Literature ◽  
Intercultural Care ◽  
The Given

While calling for culturally sensitive healthcare services in migrant communities, the international nursing literature on intercultural care predominantly describes nursing staff as lacking cultural competences and immigrant customers as lacking cleverness to navigate the labyrinths of national healthcare systems. Congruences in language, culture and religion in the customer-caregiver relationship can decisively improve the quality of care. However, they do not automatically guarantee smooth working processes in monocultural in-home settings. On the contrary, new problems occur here for Turkish caregivers which are unknown to the legions of native professionals who feel challenged by migrants and which go beyond differences such as age, sex, income or education. While no cultural or religious brokering is necessary between customers and personnel in the given context in Germany, new challenges arise when caregivers are expected to legally broker between customers and insurance companies or doctors. Conflicting expectations of customers and management as well as their own colliding social and professional roles put the caregivers in a quandary and must be competently managed.

Influence of mineral elements on the yield and quality of grain of the prospective line in winter tritikale

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.N. Voronchikhina ◽  
◽  
A.G. Marenkova ◽  
V. S. Rubets ◽  
V. V. Pylnev
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Fertilizer System

The results of elements development of varietal agrotechnics of a new high-potential line 238h of winter triticale presented. It was identified that under the conditions of 2020 the most cost effective fertilizer system is an early spring application of NPK (S) (15-15-15 (10)) at a dose of 200kg/ha. The profitability level of this fertilizer was 88,9%.

Regulatory Issues in Pakistan Telecommunication

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (4II) ◽  
pp. 873-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarfaraz Khan Quershi
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Regulatory Issues ◽  
Competitive Price ◽  
Modern Services ◽  
A Company ◽  
Telecom Infrastructure

Growth in telecom infrastructure and provision of modern telecom services to consumers at a cost based tariff helps growth of national economy. Modern telecoms serve as the engine of growth of national economy. Following the global trends of liberalisation and deregulation in telecoms monopolies which have thus far been providing inefficient communication at a greedily high tariffs are falling apart. Mergers in telecoms are not for increasing the size of the monopoly but to provide more efficient and cost effective services to the consumers. In Pakistan the erstwhile T&T department played a needful role at its time. Conversion of the department into a corporation and then into a company were steps necessary for following the global trends. Need now is to continue this trend further, eliminate the monopolistic approach by allowing more players in the field thus permitting the market forces to decide the provision of better quality of modern services at competitive price.

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