Dichotic Listening in Psychiatric Patients with and without Diffuse Brain Damage

1980 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 511-518
Author(s):  
Arthur Vega ◽  
Gerald Goldstein ◽  
Carolyn Shelly ◽  
Andrea Hegedus
Keyword(s):  
Brain Damage ◽  
Dichotic Listening ◽  
Hemispheric Asymmetry ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Verbal Iq ◽  
Language Functioning ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Diffuse Brain

A dichotic listening test was administered to a group of 49 psychiatric patients with mild diffuse brain damage and a group of 89 without. Despite the lack of difference between the groups on Verbal IQ, the performance of the brain-damaged group was significantly inferior to that of the non-brain-damaged group on a number of measures of error. The most striking difference between groups occurred on the report of digits presented to the left ear, where this report was made subsequent to the report of digits to the right ear. The finding was discussed with regard to its relevance to theories of hemispheric asymmetry of language functioning.

Memory-for-Designs Performance of Brain-Damaged and Non-Damaged Psychiatric Patients

1974 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 847-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L. McManis
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Diagnostic Group ◽  
Accuracy Rate ◽  
Verbal Iq ◽  
The Brain

20 brain-damaged and 20 non-damaged psychiatric patients, equated by groups for sex, CA, and verbal IQ, were compared on Memory-For-Designs performance. Significantly higher raw scores -were obtained by the brain-damaged than the non-damaged Ss ( p < .01). Although distribution of diagnostic group ratings as brain-damaged, borderline, or “normal” deviated significantly from chance in the expected direction ( p < .01), 28% of the females and 36% of the males were not clearly identified as damaged or non-damaged. A dichotomized cutting score between 6 and 7, however, improved the accuracy rate to 89% for females and 82% for males.

Semantic and Perceptual Processing of Number Symbols: Evidence from a Cross-linguistic fMRI Adaptation Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 388-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian D. Holloway ◽  
Christian Battista ◽  
Stephan E. Vogel ◽  
Daniel Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Perceptual Processing ◽  
Numerical Magnitude ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Parietal Lobes ◽  
The Right ◽  
Fmri Adaptation ◽  
The Brain

The ability to process the numerical magnitude of sets of items has been characterized in many animal species. Neuroimaging data have associated this ability to represent nonsymbolic numerical magnitudes (e.g., arrays of dots) with activity in the bilateral parietal lobes. Yet the quantitative abilities of humans are not limited to processing the numerical magnitude of nonsymbolic sets. Humans have used this quantitative sense as the foundation for symbolic systems for the representation of numerical magnitude. Although numerical symbol use is widespread in human cultures, the brain regions involved in processing of numerical symbols are just beginning to be understood. Here, we investigated the brain regions underlying the semantic and perceptual processing of numerical symbols. Specifically, we used an fMRI adaptation paradigm to examine the neural response to Hindu-Arabic numerals and Chinese numerical ideographs in a group of Chinese readers who could read both symbol types and a control group who could read only the numerals. Across groups, the Hindu-Arabic numerals exhibited ratio-dependent modulation in the left IPS. In contrast, numerical ideographs were associated with activation in the right IPS, exclusively in the Chinese readers. Furthermore, processing of the visual similarity of both digits and ideographs was associated with activation of the left fusiform gyrus. Using culture as an independent variable, we provide clear evidence for differences in the brain regions associated with the semantic and perceptual processing of numerical symbols. Additionally, we reveal a striking difference in the laterality of parietal activation between the semantic processing of the two symbols types.

scholarly journals MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VENTRICULAR BRAIN SYSTEMS IN THE ELDERLY AGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
O. Slobodian ◽  
V. Kryvetskyi ◽  
T. Khmara
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Lateral Ventricle ◽  
Hemispheric Asymmetry ◽  
Ventricular System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Anterior Posterior

The introduction into medical practice of new methods of neuroimaging - computed and magnetic resonance imaging, has changed the principles of diagnosing morphological changes in the brain and opened up new horizons in the study of its structure. The literature sources provide conflicting and fragmentary data on the anatomical features and morphometric parameters of the parts of the brain, and especially its ventricular system, at different age periods of a person's life. The human brain is characterized by significant age-sex anatomical variability. It differs in men and women in different races, ethnic groups. Signs of difference persist from generation to generation and can be an important characteristic of the variability of the human brain as a species. However, the sex and age features of the structure of the cerebral ventricles, taking into account their individual anatomical variability, have not been sufficiently studied. During morphometric study of magnetic resonance tomograms a comprehensive in vivo characteristic of the cerebral ventricular system in elderly persons is presented. Gender peculiarities and inter-hemispheric asymmetry of relevant indicators are studied. The examinations were conducted in standard anatomical planes (sagittal, frontal and axial) in people with no visual signs of organic lesions of the brain and skull. 38 tomograms of elderly patients were analyzed 38 (14 men and 24 women). 13 indicators of the liquor system of the brain were studied and a significant increase of the following parameters were found in males: the length of the anterior horn of the right lateral ventricle, the length and width of the central part of the lateral ventricle both on the right and left, the length of the lower horn of the lateral ventricle on the left and right, and anterior-posterior size of the lateral ventricle on the right and left. Some of the parameters studied possessed reliable inter-hemispheric asymmetry, namely, in men on the left: the body width of the lateral ventricle, the length and width of the posterior horn of the lateral ventricle, anterior-posterior size of the lateral ventricle; in women – the length of the lower horn of the lateral ventricle on the right.

Brain damage caused by chlorfenapyr poisoning: a case report and literature review

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Gastric Lavage ◽  
Brain Dysfunction ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Toxic Leukoencephalopathy ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Diffuse Brain

Introduction: Chlorfenapyr poisoning is uncommon, but fatal, and is often ignored. Chlorfenapyr inhibits ATP production in the mitochondrial of lipid-rich organs such as the brain. The initial symptoms of chlorfenapyr poisoning are not serious and are usually ignored; fever and unconsciousness are the main signs. Patients often die of brain damage, and survivors often present toxic leukoencephalopathy. Case report: We report a case of a 15-year-old female who swallowed 10 mL of 10%chlorfenapyr, and was subjected to gastric lavage one hour after ingestion. The patient felt no discomfort on the first and second day after lavage and went to school. On the third day, the patient complained of a headache and rested at home. On the fourth day, the patient still complained of headache, and the condition progressed to confusion and fever; therefore, the patient was admitted to the emergency room and underwent hemoperfusion. Cerebral CT revealed diffuse brain edema. The patient died on the fourth day because of central fever, brain hernia, and brain dysfunction. Conclusion: Chlorfenapyr poisoning is fatal, even in small doses. Patients suspected of chlorfenapyr poisoning should be closely observed and promptly treated by hemoperfusion.

scholarly journals Optimizing auditory input for foreign language learners through a verbotonal-based dichotic listening approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xirui Cai ◽  
Andrew Lian ◽  
Nattaya Puakpong ◽  
Yaoping Shi ◽  
Haoqiang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Dichotic Listening ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Hemispheric Dominance ◽  
Foreign Language Learners ◽  
Language Input ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

AbstractThe quality of the physical language signals to which learners are exposed and which result in neurobiological activity leading to perception constitutes a variable that is rarely, if ever, considered in the context of language learning. It deserves some attention. The current study identifies an optimal audio language input signal for Chinese EFL/ESL learners generated by modifying the physical features of language-bearing audio signals. This is achieved by applying the principles of verbotonalism in a dichotic listening context. Low-pass filtered (320 Hz cut-off) and unfiltered speech signals were dichotically and diotically directed to each hemisphere of the brain through the contralateral ear. Temporal and spatial neural signatures for the processing of the signals were detected in a combined event-related potential (ERP) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment. Results showed that the filtered stimuli in the left ear and unfiltered in the right ear (FL-R) configuration provided optimal auditory language input by actively exploiting left-hemispheric dominance for language processing and right-hemispheric dominance for melodic processing, i.e., each hemisphere was fed the signals that it should be best equipped to process—and it actually did so effectively. In addition, the filtered stimuli in the right ear and unfiltered in the left ear (L-FR) configuration was identified as entirely non-optimal for language learners. Other outcomes included significant load reduction through exposure to both-ear-filtered FL-FR signals as well as the confirmation that non-language signals were recognized by the brain as irrelevant to language and did not trigger any language processing. These various outcomes will necessarily entail further research.

scholarly journals Representation Activity of The Right and Left Hemispheres of the Brain

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. N. Nikolaenko ◽  
A. Y. Egorov ◽  
E. A. Freiman
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Manic State ◽  
Near Space ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Electroconvulsive Seizure

Drawings by psychiatric patients were studied in various states (i) in depression; (ii) after neuroleptic injection; and (iii) during left hemisphere suppression induced by unilateral electroconvulsive seizure (UES). In these states, right hemisphere activation predominates. The results of the study demonstrate that, under the predominance of right hemisphere activation over the left hemisphere, there is a tendency to reproduce the image of the object and to represent it in near space. Drawings by psychiatric patients were also investigated in (i) the manic state; (ii) after injection of psychotropic drugs which improved the mood; and (iii) during right hemisphere suppression following right-sided UES. Under these conditions, left hemisphere activation predominates and the drawings loose the illusion of three-dimensional space. A tendency to reproduce the knowledge and the ideas of the object and to represent it in distant space was observed. Thus, both hemispheres may represent space and elaborate perceptive and conceptional models of the world in different ways. It is probable that different types of representation are based on global (right-hemispheric) in comparison with focal (left-hemispheric) attention to space.

scholarly journals Mild Cognitive Impairment in Chronic Brain Injury Associated with Serum Anti-AP3B2 Autoantibodies: Report and Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1208
Author(s):  
Niels Hansen ◽  
Claudia Bartels ◽  
Jens Wiltfang ◽  
Winfried Stöcker ◽  
Dirk Fitzner
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Adaptor Protein ◽  
Gait Disturbance ◽  
Disease Case ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Background: Chronic traumatic brain injury is a condition that predisposes the brain to activate B-cells and produce neural autoantibodies. Anti-adaptor protein 3, subunit B2 (AP3B2) autoantibodies have thus far been associated with diseases affecting the cerebellum or vestibulocerebellum. Through this case report, we aim to broaden the spectrum of anti-AP3B2-associated disease. Case description: We report on a 51-year-old woman with a brain injury approximately 28 years ago who recently underwent neuropsychological testing, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain (cMRI), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. Neural autoantibodies were determined in serum and CSF. Our patient suffered from mild cognitive impairment (amnestic MCI, multiple domains) with stable memory deficits and a decline in verbal fluency and processing speed within a two-year interval after the first presentation in our memory clinic. Brain MRI showed brain damage in the right temporoparietal, frontolateral region and thalamus, as well as in the left posterior border of the capsula interna and white matter in the frontal region. Since the brain damage, she suffered paresis of the upper extremities on the left side and lower extremities on the right side as well as gait disturbance. Our search for autoantibodies revealed anti-AP3B2 autoantibodies in serum. Conclusions: Our report expands the spectrum of symptoms to mild cognitive impairment in addition to a gait disturbance associated with anti-AP3B2 autoantibodies. Furthermore, it is conceivable that a prior traumatic brain injury could initiate the development of anti-AP3B2-antibody-associated brain autoimmunity, reported here for the first time.

The brain structure and neurosecretory cells of noctuid moth Anadevidia peponis: Noctuidae

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-437
Author(s):  
M. Sato ◽  
Y. Ogawa ◽  
M. Sasaki ◽  
T. Matsuo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Clock ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Noctuid Moth ◽  
The Right ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
The Brain

A virgin female of the noctuid moth, a kind of noctuidae that eats cucumis, etc. performs calling at a fixed time of each day, depending on the length of a day. The photoreceptors that induce this calling are located around the neurosecretory cells (NSC) in the central portion of the protocerebrum. Besides, it is considered that the female’s biological clock is located also in the cerebral lobe. In order to elucidate the calling and the function of the biological clock, it is necessary to clarify the basic structure of the brain. The observation results of 12 or 30 day-old noctuid moths showed that their brains are basically composed of an outer and an inner portion-neural lamella (about 2.5 μm) of collagen fibril and perineurium cells. Furthermore, nerve cells surround the cerebral lobes, in which NSCs, mushroom bodies, and central nerve cells, etc. are observed. The NSCs are large-sized (20 to 30 μm dia.) cells, which are located in the pons intercerebralis of the head section and at the rear of the mushroom body (two each on the right and left). Furthermore, the cells were classified into two types: one having many free ribosoms 15 to 20 nm in dia. and the other having granules 150 to 350 nm in dia. (Fig. 1).

Rehabilitation of Attention

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian H. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Brain Damage ◽  
Dependent Plasticity ◽  
Attention Systems ◽  
The Brain

Abstract: In this paper, evidence is reviewed for separable attention systems in the brain, and it is argued a) that attention may have a privileged role in mediating experience dependent plasticity in the brain and b) that at least some types of attention may be capable of rehabilitation following brain damage.

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