Brain damage caused by chlorfenapyr poisoning: a case report and literature review

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Gastric Lavage ◽  
Brain Dysfunction ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Toxic Leukoencephalopathy ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Diffuse Brain

Introduction: Chlorfenapyr poisoning is uncommon, but fatal, and is often ignored. Chlorfenapyr inhibits ATP production in the mitochondrial of lipid-rich organs such as the brain. The initial symptoms of chlorfenapyr poisoning are not serious and are usually ignored; fever and unconsciousness are the main signs. Patients often die of brain damage, and survivors often present toxic leukoencephalopathy. Case report: We report a case of a 15-year-old female who swallowed 10 mL of 10%chlorfenapyr, and was subjected to gastric lavage one hour after ingestion. The patient felt no discomfort on the first and second day after lavage and went to school. On the third day, the patient complained of a headache and rested at home. On the fourth day, the patient still complained of headache, and the condition progressed to confusion and fever; therefore, the patient was admitted to the emergency room and underwent hemoperfusion. Cerebral CT revealed diffuse brain edema. The patient died on the fourth day because of central fever, brain hernia, and brain dysfunction. Conclusion: Chlorfenapyr poisoning is fatal, even in small doses. Patients suspected of chlorfenapyr poisoning should be closely observed and promptly treated by hemoperfusion.

Dichotic Listening in Psychiatric Patients with and without Diffuse Brain Damage

1980 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 511-518
Author(s):  
Arthur Vega ◽  
Gerald Goldstein ◽  
Carolyn Shelly ◽  
Andrea Hegedus
Keyword(s):  
Brain Damage ◽  
Dichotic Listening ◽  
Hemispheric Asymmetry ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Verbal Iq ◽  
Language Functioning ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Diffuse Brain

A dichotic listening test was administered to a group of 49 psychiatric patients with mild diffuse brain damage and a group of 89 without. Despite the lack of difference between the groups on Verbal IQ, the performance of the brain-damaged group was significantly inferior to that of the non-brain-damaged group on a number of measures of error. The most striking difference between groups occurred on the report of digits presented to the left ear, where this report was made subsequent to the report of digits to the right ear. The finding was discussed with regard to its relevance to theories of hemispheric asymmetry of language functioning.

scholarly journals The Hypothesis of Unexplained Brain Damage and Learning Difficulties

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
Theofilidis Antonis
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Learning Difficulties ◽  
Brain Dysfunction ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Key Points ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

Introduction: The term learning disabilities refers to a complex and multidimensional phenomenon that affects many thousands of students. Due to the rich symptomatology of learning difficulties and the increased differences between individuals, it has not been possible to analyze all cases exclusively from the perspective of the neuropsychological approach. Aim. The aim of this study was to present research conducted in the context of theories on the brain function of people with learning disabilities. Supporting the hypothesis of brain dysfunction. Methodology: Literature review was carried out in the web, which referred to researches on Special Learning Disabilities and the brain function associated with them. Results: Review of the literature highlighted key points of the relationship between learning difficulties and brain function. Brain dysfunction and the cognitive functions produced emerged as one of the key factors involved in learning disabilities. Many of the theories developed around the problems of children with learning disabilities have focused on specific areas of the brain that may be dysfunctional. Conclusions: The difficulty of locating obvious brain damage in individuals who have been characterized as dyslexic leads to the strengthening of the hypothesis of the existence of a slight or minimal brain damage that cannot be easily diagnosed and strengthens the hypothesis of an unexplained brain damage that could be heterogeneous groups of learning disabilities.

scholarly journals The potential neuroprotective effect of allicin and melatonin in acrylamide-induced brain damage in rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanan A. Edres ◽  
Nabil M. Taha ◽  
Mohamed A. lebda ◽  
Mohamed S. Elfeky
Keyword(s):  
Brain Damage ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Brain Dysfunction ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Antioxidative Status ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Abstract Acrylamide (ACR) is an unsaturated monomer that entered in various fields however, it is a potent neurotoxic. The present study target is to explore the neuroprotective efficacy of allicin and melatonin on ACR-induced neurotoxicity. Thirty-six male adult rats were non-selectively separated into six groups: placebo, allicin (20 mg/kg b.w daily per os), melatonin (10 mg/kg b.w 3 times/week per os), ACR (50 mg/kg b.w daily per os), ACR + allicin and ACR + melatonin with the same doses. The assessment of brain biomarkers, neurotransmitters, antioxidative status, Nrf2 signalling pathway, and histopathological analyses were performed following 21 days. ACR exposure enhanced the brain lipid and DNA oxidative damage as well as a reduction in the GSH levels. The obvious brain oxidative injuries was contributed to distinct brain dysfunction that was assured by alteration of brain neurotransmitters (serotonin, dopamine, acetylcholine, and acetylcholinesterase), and pathological brain lesions. Furthermore, ACR exposure increased hydroxy deoxy guanosine (8-OHdG), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and amyloid protein (AB-42). Finally, the mRNA transcripts of brain Keap-1, Nrf2, and NF-kB were up regulated after ACR intoxication. Interestingly, allicin and melatonin alleviated the ACR-induced brain damage assessed by normalization of the mentioned analyses. The present study demonstrated the protective role of both allicin and melatonin on ACR-prompted neuropathy by alleviation of redox imbalance and enhancement of neurotransmitters as well as relieving DNA damage and anti-inflammatory effect.

scholarly journals Vascular surgery and an occurrence of stroke

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-236
Author(s):  
Natalia Leksa ◽  
◽  
Adam Uryniak ◽  
David Aebisher ◽  
David Leksa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Vascular Surgery ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Brain Dysfunction ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Symptoms And Signs ◽  
Cerebral Vascular

Introduction. The brain responds to metabolic disorders with a limited array of symptoms and signs. The brain has enormous needs in terms of substrate and blood flow. Aim. This paper presents a case report reporting episode of stroke. Description of the case. The incidence of cerebral vascular episodes in the form of strokes, transient episodes of cerebral ischemia is reported. Conclusion. The chemical constituency of the brain are generally quite different from those of other tissues. Stroke is a clinical syndrome characterized by sudden focal or generalized brain dysfunction.

Rehabilitation of Attention

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian H. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Brain Damage ◽  
Dependent Plasticity ◽  
Attention Systems ◽  
The Brain

Abstract: In this paper, evidence is reviewed for separable attention systems in the brain, and it is argued a) that attention may have a privileged role in mediating experience dependent plasticity in the brain and b) that at least some types of attention may be capable of rehabilitation following brain damage.

Right frontotemporal craniotomy for ECA-to-MCA direct and indirect bypass and occipital artery indirect bypass to the posterior circulation: case report

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Mitchell W. Couldwell ◽  
Samuel Cheshier ◽  
Philipp Taussky ◽  
Vance Mortimer ◽  
William T. Couldwell
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Posterior Circulation ◽  
Occipital Artery ◽  
Transient Ischemic Attacks ◽  
Collateral Vessel ◽  
Suboccipital Craniotomy ◽  
Uncommon Disease ◽  
Indirect Revascularization ◽  
The Brain

Moyamoya is an uncommon disease that presents with stenoocclusion of the major vasculature at the base of the brain and associated collateral vessel formation. Many pediatric patients with moyamoya present with transient ischemic attacks or complete occlusions. The authors report the case of a 9-year-old girl who presented with posterior fossa hemorrhage and was treated with an emergency suboccipital craniotomy for evacuation. After emergency surgery, an angiogram was performed, and the patient was diagnosed with moyamoya disease. Six months later, the patient was treated for moyamoya using direct and indirect revascularization; after surgery there was excellent vascularization in both regions of the bypass and no further progression of moyamoya changes. This case illustrates a rare example of intracerebral hemorrhage associated with moyamoya changes in the posterior vascularization in a pediatric patient and subsequent use of direct and indirect revascularization to reduce the risk of future hemorrhage and moyamoya progression.

Aetiologies and anatomy of confabulation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Schnider
Keyword(s):  
Brain Damage ◽  
Limbic Encephalitis ◽  
Artery Aneurysm ◽  
Anterior Communicating Artery ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Anatomical Basis ◽  
Korsakoff Syndrome ◽  
Hypoxic Brain ◽  
Degenerative Dementia ◽  
The Brain

What diseases cause confabulations and which are the brain areas whose damage is responsible? This chapter reviews the causes, both historic and present, of confabulations and deduces the anatomo-clinical relationships for the four forms of confabulation in the following disorders: alcoholic Korsakoff syndrome, traumatic brain injury, rupture of an anterior communicating artery aneurysm, posterior circulation stroke, herpes and limbic encephalitis, hypoxic brain damage, degenerative dementia, tumours, schizophrenia, and syphilis. Overall, clinically relevant confabulation is rare. Some aetiologies have become more important over time, others have virtually disappeared. While confabulations seem to be more frequent after anterior brain damage, only one form has a distinct anatomical basis.

scholarly journals Complications of drowning: A case report

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 284-8
Author(s):  
Felicia Anita Wijaya ◽  
I Gde Doddy Kurnia Indrawan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Accidental Death ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Death By Drowning

Unintentional drowning is the sixth most common cause of accidental death, accounting for 4,086 deaths (1.4 per 100,000) in the United States in 2007.1 In children, drowning is the second leading cause of injury-related death, and those aged 1–3 years have the highest rate of drowning.2 More than 1,400 pediatric drownings were reported in the United States in 2008.3 Many drowning deaths are due to lack of supervision in the bathtub, unprotected access to a pool, or lack of swimming skills.3 For every death by drowning, six children are hospitalized for drowning, and up to 10% of survivors experience severe brain damage.2

scholarly journals Heterotopic ossification in lymph node metastasis after rectal cancer resection: a case report and literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Nagano ◽  
Tamotsu Togawa ◽  
Takeshi Watanabe ◽  
Kenji Ohnishi ◽  
Toshihisa Kimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Heterotopic Ossification ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Metastatic Lesion ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background Heterotopic ossification (HO) is the formation of osseous tissue outside the skeleton. HO in malignant tumors of the digestive tract is extremely rare, as is ossification in metastatic lesions from HO-negative digestive tract tumors. Regarding the pathogenesis of HO, two theories have been proposed. The first is that the osteoblastic metaplasia of tumor cells (driven by the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, EMT) results in HO, and the second is that factors secreted by cancer cells lead to the metaplasia of stromal pluripotent cells into osteoblasts. However, the osteogenic mechanisms remain unclear. Case presentation An 83-year-old Japanese woman underwent low anterior rectal resection for rectal cancer before presentation at our institution, in June 2018. The final diagnosis was stage IIB rectal adenocarcinoma (T4aN0M0). Histological examination did not reveal HO in the primary tumor. Thirteen months after the operation, a solitary metastatic lesion in the brain 20 mm in size and a solitary metastatic lesion in a right axillary lymph node 20 mm in size were diagnosed. The patient was treated with gamma-knife therapy for the brain metastasis. One month later, she was referred to our institution. She underwent lymph node resection. Histological examination revealed that most portions of the affected lymph node were occupied by metastatic tumor cells and that central necrosis and four small ossified lesions without an osteoblast-like cell rim were present in the peripheral region. Immunohistochemical analysis showed tumor cells positive for BMP-2, osteonectin, osteocalcin, AE1/AE3, TGF-β1, Gli2, Smad2/3, and CDX2 and negative for nestin, CD56, and CK7. Conclusion This is the first English case report of HO in a metachronous metastatic lymph node after the curative resection of HO-negative rectal cancer. Unlike HO lesions in past reports, the HO lesion did not show peripheral osteoblast-like cells, and the immunohistochemical findings indicated that the present case resulted from the EMT.

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