Effect of Aerobic Conditioning upon Mood in Clinically Depressed Men and Women: A Preliminary Investigation

1982 ◽  
Vol 55 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1217-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary W. Hartz ◽  
William L. Wallace ◽  
Tommie G. Cayton
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Aerobic Conditioning ◽  
Clinically Depressed ◽  
Reversal Design

A single-subject reversal design was used to test the hypothesis that aerobic conditioning would elevate mood in seven clinically depressed persons. The hypothesis was confirmed for two subjects but not for the group as a whole. A reversal design does not appear suitable for this area of investigation.

The effects of aerobic conditioning and/or caloric restriction in overweight men and women

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 87???94 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. DONALD HAGAN ◽  
S. JILL UPTON ◽  
LES WONG ◽  
JAMES WHITTAM
Keyword(s):  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Aerobic Conditioning

scholarly journals Weavers & Warriors? Gender and Online Identity in 1997 and 2007 V1.0

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deirdre Ruane
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
Online Identity ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Online Interactions ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Active Exploration

In 1997 the Internet was seen by many as a tool for radical reinterpretation of physicality and gender. Cybertheorists predicted we would leave our bodies behind and interact online as disembodied minds, and that the technology would reshape the way we saw ourselves. However, physicality has proved to be an inextricable part of all our interactions. Changing Internet technology has allowed Net users to find a myriad ways to perform and express their gender online. In this paper I consider attitudes to gender on the Net in 1997, when the main concerns were the imbalance between men and women online and whether it was possible or desirable to bring the body into online interactions. In much of the discourse surrounding gender online, a simple binary was assumed to exist. I go on to consider the extent to which those attitudes have changed today. Through my own experience of setting up a women’s community on Livejournal, and my observations of a men’s community set up in response, I conclude that though traditional attitudes to gender have largely translated to the Net and the binary is still the default view, some shifts have occurred. For example, between 1997 and today there seems to have been a fundamental change in perceptions of women’s attitudes to adversarial debate, and an increase in awareness of genders beyond the binary. In addition, experience and preliminary investigation lead me toward a hypothesis that today’s female-identified Net users are engaged in more conscious and active exploration and performance of their gender online than male-identified users are.

Preliminary investigation of foot pressure distribution variation in men and women adults while standing

The Foot ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Periyasamy ◽  
A. Mishra ◽  
Sneh Anand ◽  
A.C. Ammini
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Foot Pressure ◽  
Men And Women

The Use of Single-subject Time-series Designs in Adapted Physical Activity

1984 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.J. Watkinson ◽  
D.L. Wasson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Instructional Program ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Adapted Physical Activity ◽  
Mentally Handicapped ◽  
Instructional Programs ◽  
University Of Alberta ◽  
Reversal Design ◽  
The University

The individualized nature of instructional programs for the mentally handicapped often makes group designs inappropriate in adapted physical activity research. Single-subject time-series designs are suitable for use in investigating the acquisition, maintenance, and generalization of motor skills when the research involves small numbers of subjects. These designs require the collection of data before, and during or after treatment. Three single-subject time-series designs are described and illustrated with data from studies in the PREP Play Program, an instructional program for young mentally handicapped children at the University of Alberta. The simple time-series design has severe limitations for use as a research tool, but is appropriate for use by teachers or practitioners who are monitoring previously tested treatments in physical activity programs. The repeated time-series or reversal design can be used to investigate the maintenance or generalization of effects after treatments are withdrawn. The multiplebaseline design is recommended for researchers or practitioners who wish to assess the effects of instructional programs on different subjects or different dependent variables.

scholarly journals The measurement of testosterone in hair

1998 ◽  
Vol 159 (1) ◽  
pp. R5-R8 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Wheeler ◽  
YB Zhong ◽  
AT Kicman ◽  
SB Coutts
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Human Hair ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Prepubertal Children ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Women And Children

Trace metals and drugs have been measured in hair for a number of years but there are no published papers on the measurement of steroids in human hair. We report here the measurement of testosterone in hair samples taken from men, women and prepubertal children. This was a preliminary investigation to see whether testosterone was detectable in hair and whether concentrations between men and women, and men and prepubertal children were different in line with concentrations of testosterone in the blood. Hair was digested in sodium hydroxide and the testosterone extracted before measurement by radioimmuno- assay. There was a clear difference between testosterone concentrations found in heir collected from men (12.9-77.7 pmol/g) and those found in hair from women (<0.9-10.8 pmol/g). There was no significant difference between the concentrations found in women and children. The authenticity of the testosterone measured was confirmed with GCMS.

Effects of Abdominal and Thoracic Breathing upon Multiple-Site Electromyography and Peripheral Skin Temperature

1995 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bret A. Boyer ◽  
Roger Poppen
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Breathing Patterns ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Finger Temperature ◽  
Upper Trapezius ◽  
Abdominal Breathing ◽  
Reversal Design

Peripheral finger temperature, frontalis and upper trapezius EMG, and self-report of arousal were assessed for four subjects during abdominal and thoracic breathing in a single-subject reversal design. Two subjects displayed significant differences between abdominal and thoracic breathing conditions: one for frontalis EMG, trapezius EMG, and self-report of arousal and one for trapezius EMG. Two subjects showed no significant effects. All subjects reached performance criteria during training sessions. Abdominal breathing performance during reversals was 100% and 92% of sampled breath cycles for the two subjects who showed significant change, and 65% and 42% for the two subjects who showed none. Methodological issues for measurement of breathing patterns and peripheral skin temperature are discussed.

The Effects of Oral Instructions and Training on the Expansion of Written Language

1981 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayla A. Kraetsch
Keyword(s):  
Training Session ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Reversal Design ◽  
Subject Experiment ◽  
And Training

This single-subject experiment explored the effect of oral instructions and training on the expansion of written language using a reversal design. The subject, a twelve-year-old boy who attended a tutorial clinic, wrote about a stimulus picture four times a week during a twelve-week period. Productivity was based on the number of words and sentences used in the composition; the type-token ratio for vocabulary diversity was also charted. During the intervention phases of the experiment, the tutor added oral instructions to write many words and ideas. These additional instructions increased the subject's productivity. As the oral instructions were changed, the number of total words and sentences also changed. When a simple training session was provided prior to the writing of a composition, the subject wrote more adjectives.

Volumetric MRI demonstrates atrophy of the olfactory cortex in AD

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majed AlOtaibi ◽  
Melissa Lessard-Beaudoin ◽  
Christian-Alexandre Castellano ◽  
Denis Gris ◽  
Stephen C. Cunnane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Olfactory Cortex ◽  
Cortical Atrophy ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male Cohort ◽  
The Brain

Objective: Alzheimer disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions of individuals worldwide. Symptoms include memory dysfunction and deficits in attention, planning, language, and overall cognitive function. Olfactory dysfunction is a common symptom of AD and evidence supports that it is an early marker. Furthermore, olfactory bulb and entorhinal cortex atrophy are well described in AD. However, in AD, no studies have assessed the olfactory cortex as a whole and if sex effects are observed. Methods: Magnetic Resonance Imaging was used to scan 39 participants with an average age of 72 years and included men and women. AAL Single-Subject Atlas (implemented in PNEURO tool -PMOD 3.8) was used to determine the volume of the olfactory cortex and the hippocampus. Olfactory cortex volume was lower in both men and women AD cases compared with controls. This decrease was more apparent in the left olfactory cortex and was influenced by age. As expected, hippocampal volume was also significantly reduced in AD. However, this was only observed in the male cohort. A significant correlation was observed between levels of education and hippocampal volume in controls that were not detected in the AD participants. Asymmetry was observed in the olfactory cortex volume when comparing left and right volumes in both the control and AD participants, which was not observed in the hippocampus. Results: These data highlight the importance of the role of olfactory cortical atrophy in the pathogenesis of AD and the interplay between the olfactory deficits and degeneration of olfactory regions in the brain

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